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職稱英語真題《衛生B》閱讀理解精選題
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New US Plan for Disease Prevention
Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes (糖尿病) .
The initiative highlights the costs of chronic diseases -- the leading causes of death in the United States- and outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.
"In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases," the Health and Human Services department said in a statement.
The causes are often behavioral -- smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.
"I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future," Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.
"Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices."
Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $ 351 billion in 2003.
"These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier, longer lives," he said.
The $15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.
The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.
The American Cancer .Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening,including Pap tests ( 巴氏試驗) for cervical ( 子宮頸的 ) cancer mammograms ( 乳癌X線照片)for breast cancer, colonoscopies (結腸鏡檢查) , and prostate (前列腺的) checks.
If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.
31. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?
A. They account for 70% of all deaths.
B. They are responsible for most of the health care costs.
C. They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.
D. They are largely preventable.
32. The author mentions all the following ways of disease prevention EXCEPT __________.
A. better diet
B. increased exercise
C. less smoking
D. more frequent hand washing
33. The passage indicates that spending more money on disease prevention will mean __________.
A. greater responsibility of the government
B. less need for input into treatment
C. higher costs of health care
D. more lifestyle choices for people
34. The purpose of the $15 million program is to __________.
A. promote disease prevention
B. build more highways
C. help poor communities
D. wipe out chronic diseases
35. Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly __________.
A. the death rates for all chronic diseases
B. the kinds of cancer attacking people
C. the incidence rate for cancer
D. the death rate for cancer
答案與解析
31.C。細節題。題干：下列關于美國慢性疾病的描述哪一個不正確?從文章的第三、六段分別可以看出，在美國，70%的死亡是由慢性病造成的，絕大多數醫療費用也花在慢性病的治療上，而不健康的生活方式會引發慢性病，而不是慢性病引發不健康的生活方式。慢性病很大程度上是可以預防的，所以答案為C(它們常常導致不健康的生活方式)。
32.D。細節題。題干：作者提及了下面的疾病預防方式，除了 __________。由第二段“…including better diet and increased exercise.”及第四段“…smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.”可排除A、B、C三個選項，正確答案為D(更頻繁地洗手)。
33.B。推理題。題干;本文暗示，在疾病預防上花費更多的資金意味著 __________。從文章的第三、六、七段可以看出，慢性病的治療花費極高。適當投資于疾病的預防可以大大減少這種花費，所以答案為B(對治療的投入需求更少)。
34.A。細節題。題干：l500萬資金計劃的目的是 __________。由第一段“…a$15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases…”可知，該項目主要用來加強疾病預防，故選A(改善疾病預防的狀況)。
35.D。細節題。題干：早期的癌癥篩查能大大地幫助減少 __________。由最后一段“Ifsuch cancers were all caught by early screenin9…the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.”可知，早期癌癥篩查有助于提高癌癥患者的存活率，也就是降低其死亡率，故選D(癌癥的死亡率)。
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