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2017職稱英語試題衛生A級模擬題(閱讀理解)
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第4部分：閱讀理解(第31"-'45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。每道題后面有4個選項，請仔細閱讀短文并根據短文內容回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇l個最佳答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
第一篇
Immigration and Problems
Hundreds of thousands of people supporting immigration rights in the U.S. filled streets all over America in early 2006. Many held signs and American flags and asked to be treated as citizens-- not criminals. Many of these supported legislation from Senator John McCain that would open a path to citizenship to immigrants who were already in the country illegally. Proposed legislation from other politicians called for stricter measures, including rounding up undocumented immigrants and sending them back to their home countries.
Canadian officials say that immigration applications continue to rise. Some want to keep the doors open. They need the labor. About 400,000 immigrants were allowed into the country in 2005,according to the Canadian Government statistics. However, all this growth means that cities need to adapt. Newcomers don't always make a smooth transition into jobs for which they are skilled. So industries are using mentoring programs to help new immigrants find proper jobs.
With the large numbers of undocumented African immigrants arriving in the Canary Islands and showing no sign of abating, the Spanish Govemment has decided to get tough. There will be no more mass amnesties for illegals, and anyone coming to Spain without permission will be sent back,the government has announced. About 23,000 migrants landed on the islands in 2006, and riots have erupted in some crowded reception centers. This has promoted local authorities to appeal to the United Nations for help.
France's new immigration and integration law gives the government new powers to encourage high-skilled migration. It takes effect in 2007. The new law authorizes the government to identify particular professions where France has a talent shortage. Then the government will help these identified employers find immigrant workers with needed skills or qualifications. The selected foreign employees will be granted "skills and talents" visas, valid for three years. But some concern that it'll cause brain drain in developing countries.
31. Many immigrants swarmed into streets in the U.S. in early 2006, demanding that they should be treated as __________.
A. animals
B. citizens
C. civilians
D. criminals
32. Some Canadian officials want to keep the door open because __________.
A. Canada is in desperate need of talented people
B. Canada can feed a much larger population
C. Canada is suffering from labor shortage
D. Canada is a multicultural country
33. What has the Spanish Govemment decided to do?
A. Help immigrants find proper jobs.
B. Let immigrants freely enter the country.
C. Integrate immigrants into the Spanish culture.
D. Take tough measures against illegal immigration.
34. After France's new immigration and integration law takes effect, it will __________.
A. lure overseas students back home
B. undermine the unity of the country
C. drain developing countries of talent
D. induce resentment among the French workers
35. The phrasal verb "rounding up" in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by __________.
A. capturing
B. encircling
C. separating
D. frightening
第二篇
Slowing Aging: Way to Fight Diseases in 21st Century
A group of aging experts from the United States and the United Kingdom suggest that the best strategy for preventing and fighting a multitude of diseases is to focus on slowing the biological processes of aging.
"The traditional medical approach of attacking individual diseases- cancer, diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease (早老性癡呆病) and Parkinson's disease (帕金森氏病) --will soon become less effective if we do not determine how all of these diseases either interact or share common mechanisms with aging," says S. Jay Olshansky, professor of epidemiology at the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health and senior author of the commentary.
Middle-aged and older people are most often impacted by simultaneous but independent medical conditions. A cure for any of the major fatal diseases would have only a marginal impact on life expectancy (預期壽命) and the length of healthy life, Olshansky said.
The authors suggest that a new paradigm (模式) of health promotion and disease prevention could produce unprecedented social, economic and health dividends for current and future generations if the aging population is provided with extended years of healthy life.
They note that all living things, including humans, possess biochemical mechanisms that influence how quickly we age and, through dietary (飲食的) intervention or genetic alteration, it is possible to extend lifespan to postpone aging-related processes and diseases.
Further research in laboratory models is expected to provide clues to and deeper understanding of how existing interventions, such as exercise and good nutrition, may lead to lifelong well-being.
The authors also propose greatly increased funding for basic research into the "fundamental cellular (細胞的) and physiological changes that drive aging itself."
"We believe that the potential benefits of slowing aging processes have been underrecognized by most of the scientific community," said Olshansky. "We call on the health-research decision-makers to allocate substantial resources to support and develop practical interventions that slow aging in people."
An increase in age-related diseases and escalating health care costs make this the time for a "systematic attack on aging itself," the authors write.
Olshansky and colleagues contend that modem medicine is already heavily invested in efforts to extend life, and they argue that a fresh emphasis on aging has the potential to improve health and quality of life far more efficiently than is currently possible.
36. The experts believe the traditional approach of attacking individual diseases __________.
A. is the best strategy for fighting diseases
B. focuses on slowing aging processes
C. has gone out of date
D. needs to be improved
37. The authors hold a new paradigm of health promotion and disease prevention __________.
A. could have great potential
B. could be too expensive
C. could be too complicated
D. could be opposed by many people
38. It is possible to extend lifespan by means of all the following EXCEPT __________.
A. dietary intervention
B. genetic alteration
C. aging-relatedprocesses
D. exercise
39. The authors argue that more money should be spent on __________.
A. maintaining the well-being of the elderly
B. looking after the sick
C. extending the life of the dying
D. developing aging-slowing interventions
40. Which statement is NOT true according to the authors ?
A. There are now more age-related diseases.
B. Health care costs are on the rise.
C. A systematic attack on aging is needed.
D. Too little has been done to extend life.
第三篇
Emotions
Emotion is a feeling about or reaction to certain important events or thoughts. People enjoy feeling such pleasant emotions as love, happiness, and contentment. They often try to avoid feeling unpleasant emotions, such as loneliness, worry, and grief.
Individuals communicate most of their emotions by means of words, a variety of sounds,facial expressions, and gestures. For example, anger causes many people to frown, make a fist, and yell. People learn ways of showing some of their emotions from members of their society, though heredity (遺傳) may determine some emotional behavior. Research has shown that different isolated peoples show emotions by means of similar facial expressions.
Charles Darwin, famous for the theory of natural selection, also studied emotion. Darwin said in 1872 that emotional behavior originally served both as an aid to survival and as a method of communicating intentions. According to the James-Lange theory of emotions developed in the 1880s, people feel emotions only if aware of their own internal physical reactions to events, such as increased heart rate or blood pressure. But this theory was not upheld by research on cats that had their nervous systems damaged. The cats could not feel their body's internal changes, but they showed normal emotional behavior. John B. Watson, an American psychologist who helped found the school of psychology called behaviorism, observed that babies stimulated by certain events showed three basic emotions- fear, anger, and love. Watson's view has been challenged frequently since he proposed it in 1919.
The most widely accepted view is that emotions occur as a complex sequence of events. The sequence begins when a person encounters an important event or thought. The person's interpretation of the encounter determines the feeling that is likely to follow. For example, someone who encounters a bear in the woods would probably interpret the event as dangerous. The sense of danger would cause the individual to feel fear. Each feeling is followed by physical changes and desires to take action, which are responses to the event that started the sequence. Thus, a person who met a bear would probably run away.
Several American psychologists independently developed the theory that there are eight basic emotions. These emotions -- which can exist at various levels of intensity-- are anger, fear, joy,sadness, acceptance, disgusts, surprise, and interest or curiosity. They combine to form all other emotions, just as certain basic colors produce all others.
41. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that those who are born blind __________.
A. have emotions different from those of sighted persons
B. have some facial expression like those of sighted persons
C. depend only on words to express their feelings
D. seldom communicate with other people by means of gestures
42. The James-Lange theory of emotions __________.
A. overlooked internal physical reactions
B. exaggerated the function of stimulating events
C. faced a challenge from counter evidence
D. offered a narrow interpretation of emotions
43. In the sequence of events for emotions to occur, which is next to the encounter of an important event?
A. Interpretation made.
B. Responses produced.
C. Feeling stimulated.
D. Action taken.
44. Emotions are compared to colors because __________.
A. they are classified in a similar way
B. they have the same influence on people's life
C. both of them may take on different forms
D. both of them may have basic elements mixed in them
45. The main purpose of this writing is to __________.
A. arouse readers' interest in emotional behaviors
B. help readers enjoy pleasant emotions
C. outline the development of theories about emotions
D. analyze various emotions and physical changes
答案與解析：
第一篇
31.B。細節題。題干：2006年許多移民涌現街頭，要求他們應該被以__________身份受到對待。利用題干關鍵詞可以定位到第一段第二句話：許多移民舉著標語和美國國旗，要求按公民而不是罪犯來對待他們。
32.C。細節題。題干：一些加拿大官員想要打開國門是因為__________。利用題干關鍵詞可以定位到第二段前三句話：加拿大官員說移民申請繼續高漲。一些官員想把門開著。他們需要勞動力。
33.D。細節題。題干：西班牙政府決定如何做?利用題干關鍵詞可以定位到第三段第一句話：隨著大批的無證非洲移民來到加里那群島，并且移民趨勢沒有減弱的跡象，西班牙政府決定采取嚴厲的措施。
34.C。細節題。題干：法國的新移民與統一法生效后，將會__________。利用題干關鍵詞可以定位到最后一段的最后一句：但是有些人擔心，這個法案會導致發展中國家的人才流失。
35.A。詞匯題。題干：round up的意思為__________。根據and并列結構中并列部分語義走向必須保持一致的原則，round up應與sending them back(遣返)保持語義走向相同，因此capturing(捕捉)是對的。
第二篇
36.D。細節題。題干：專家認為對疾病的傳統治療方法__________。由關鍵詞expert定位到第二段，專家認為如果我們不去了解所有這些疾病如何與衰老相互作用或與之具有共同機制，對這些疾病的傳統治療方法的效率就會很低，因此D(應該得到提高)為正確選項。
37.A。細節題。題干：作者認為一個關于提高健康和抵御疾病的新模式將會帶來__________。文章第四段第一句就講：“作者認為一個關于提高健康和抵御疾病的新模式將會帶來社會、經濟和健康方面的空前益處。”因此A(存在強大的潛能)為正確選項。
38.C。細節題。題干：下列哪項不是可能延長壽命的方法?文章第五段列舉了能延長壽命的方法，包括飲食控制和基因改變，C是要延緩的內容而不是方法，故C為正確選項。
39.D。細節題。題干：作者認為在__________方面需要花費更多的錢。文章第八段講：“我們呼吁健康研究所的領導分配更多的資源來支持延緩衰老的各種方案。”因此D為正確答案。
40.D。細節題。題干：根據作者的說法下列哪項是不正確的?文章最后一段講：“Olshanky和同事們承認在延長生命方面已經做了巨大投資了。”D選項與原文所述相反，因此本題選擇D。
第三篇
41.B。推理題。題干：從第二段可以推導出，那些天生看不見的人__________。利用題干關鍵詞可以定位到第二段后半部分，大意是“雖然遺傳可能決定人們在情感上的一些行為表現，但是更多的時候人是從社會其他成員那里學會了表達情感的方式。研究表明，那些被隔離的不同人群在表達情感的時候有著相似的面部表情。”分析題干，我們知道the blind和正常人相比，屬于被隔離的不同人群，但是根據原文可知他們在表達情感的時候，面部表情和正常人很相似。所以B選項為正確答案。
42.c。細節題。題干：詹姆斯•蘭格的情感理論 。利用題干關鍵詞可以定位到文中第二段中間部分：“根據詹姆斯•蘭格于1880年提出的關于情感的理論：一個人體內對心跳加速和血壓升高這些生理變化作出反應，并且只有在意識到這些變化的時候，才會有不同情感的產生。但是這個理論在另一個研究中——在一只神經受損的貓身上所進行的研究——沒有得到支持”。綜合分析，我們可知C選項為正確答案。
43.A。細節題。題干：情感發生的一系列狀況中，哪個是發生于遇到重要事件之后?利用題干關鍵詞可以定位到文中第四段中間部分。可知A選項為正確答案。
44.D。推理題。題干：情感用來跟顏色做比較，因為__________。利用題干關鍵詞可以定位到最后一段。該段講一些神經學家進一步發展了這種理論，認為人至少有八種情感。然后這些情感相互結合就會產生其他情感，好比在繪畫中，由幾種特定的原料相互搭配可以產生其他色調一樣。可知D選項為正確答案。
45.c。主旨題。題干：這篇文章的主要目的是 __________ 。主旨在篇首，包括什么是情感以及人是如何交流情感的，接著談到不同的科學家和普通人對情感是如何產生的這一問題的認識。可知該文章的主要目的是向大家介紹有關情感的理論是如何發展的。故C選項為正確答案。其他選項都只是談到了文章中的細節部分，不是文章的主旨。
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