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學位英語閱讀理解考試樣題指導
在各領域中，許多人都需要跟考試題打交道，考試題是參考者回顧所學知識和技能的重要參考資料。大家知道什么樣的考試題才是規范的嗎？下面是小編整理的學位英語閱讀理解考試樣題指導，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。
學位英語閱讀理解考試樣題指導 1
Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.
The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.
The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War II, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.
By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the "life enriching" level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.
On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?
A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crim, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.
1. According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when ______.
A. he has saved up enough money
B. he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter
C. he has satisfied his hunger
D. he has learned to build houses
[答案]C
【精析】本題答案對應于第一、三段。文章的第一段提到一個人有了吃的就會想到再要件衣服，第三段又說最基本的需求是食物，這個層次的需求得到滿足后人就會考慮服裝和住的地方。綜合判斷，所以選C，即他不再饑餓后就會產生對住處和衣服的'需求。
2. It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War Ⅱ, most Americans ______.
A. were very rich
B. lived in poverty
C. had the good things on the first three levels
D. did not own automobiles
[答案]D
【精析】文章第三段中說第二次世界大戰結束時，對于大多數美國人來說，食品、服裝以及住所的需求都滿足了，然后第三個層次的需求，包括汽車和新房子便出現了。這說明第二次世界大戰結束時大多數美國人還沒有汽車。A“很富有”，意思不明。B“生活在貧困中”，不符合文意。C“滿足了前三個層次的需求”，也不正確，因為這時第三個層次的需求才剛剛出現。
3. Which of the following is NOT related to "physical satisfaction"?
A. A successful career. B. A comfortable home.
C. A good meal. D. A family car.
[答案]A
【精析】本題答案對應于文章的第四段，第四段第三行說physical satisfaction包括食物、生活舒適、有安全感、有交通工具，在B、C、D中都有體現。故選A.
4. What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?
A. The more goods the better.
B. The more mental satisfaction the better.
C. The more “luxury” items the better.
D. The more earnings the better.
[答案]B
【精析】本題答案對應文章第四段，其中第四行this level，也就是第四個層次的需求強調的是精神需求，所以選B.
5. The author tends to think that the fifth level ______.
A. would be little better than the fourth level
B. may be a lot more desirable than the first four
C. can be the last and most satisfying level
D. will become attainable before the government takes actions
[答案]B
【精析】本題考查考生對作者意思的整體把握。先看A“比第四個層次要好一些”，意思含糊。C“是最終的、最令人滿意的需求層次”，太絕對。D“在政府采取行動之前就能實現”，不合文意。文章說第五個層次的需求要通過集體行動實現，即人們付錢給政府，讓其對抗疾病、愚昧、犯罪與不公。可見這要在政府采取行動后實現。而B的意思是“比前四個層次的需求更值得擁有”，這是正確的。
學位英語閱讀理解考試樣題指導 2
Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem-how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bubs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campuss six buildings comfortable.
Some parts of most modern buildings-theaters and offices as well as classrooms are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called "heat recovery." A few modern buildings recover heat, but the Universitys system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others.
Along the way, pit has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, the more heat he produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hardworking, overweight male genius.
1. Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it _____.
A. was difficult to collect
B. came in a variety of forms
C. was difficult to get rid of
D. tended to be absorbed by physical objects
參考答案：C 答案是開頭的第二句：The usual problem is how to dispose of it. Dispose of “處理解決”。
2. Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown campus?
A. The heat is supplied by human bodies only.
B. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objects.
C. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.
D. The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel.
參考答案：B 答案在第一段的第三句中。他們設計了一種收集系統，它不但利用身體的熱，還收集由燈泡、冰箱等散發出來的熱。有了這兩種熱能，作者指出在校園中已無需任何conventional fuel。
3.The phrase "even in winter" (in line 8) most nearly means ______.
A．if the winter is especially warm
B．during all of the year except the winter
C．in the winter as well as in other seasons
D．during the evenings in the winter
參考答案：C 第二段中說：大多數現代化的'大樓有些部分一戲院、辦公室以及教室是用人體和燈光的熱來供熱的，有時候甚至在冬天的空調也是由它們來供熱。Even意為“甚至”。
學位英語閱讀理解考試樣題指導 3
Interact use appears to cause a drop in psychological health, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University.
Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more bad feelings and loneliness than those who was online less frequently, the two-year study showed. Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were completely contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.
The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in psychological health, researchers hypothesized (推測). Faceless, bodiless“virtual”(虛的) communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world through the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.
“But it s important to remember this is not about the technology, it s about how it is used,”says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study s sponsors (發起人). "It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology. "
36. Whats the finding of the research undertaken at Carnegie Mellon University?
A) People spend more time on the Internet now.
B) People spend less time with their families and friends now.
C) The Net proves socially healthier than television.
D) Internet use may cause a drop in psychological health.
37. What had the researchers expected before the research?
A) The Net may account for the drop in psychological health.
B) Internet use may improve social health.
C) Internet use has nothing to do with social health.
D) Spending much time on the Internet makes people feel bad and lonely.
38. Which is not true according to the passage?
A) The Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.
B) Internet communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation.
C) Undeveloped Internet technology causes the drop in psychological health.
D) The wider world through the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.
39. What does Christine Riley, the psychologist, suggest?
A) Its necessary to take social factors into account in designing applications and services for technology.
B) Its important to tell the users how to design and apply the technology.
C) Compared with social factors, the technology itself has more influence on the Internet users.
D) No social factors should be considered in applications and services for technology.
40. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?
A) How to Use the Internet
B) Disadvantages of the Internet
C) Social Factors and the Internet
D) Internet May Cause Bad Feelings
參考譯文
根據Carnegie Mellon大學的研究，網絡的使用似乎能造成人的心理健康水平下降。
歷時兩年的研究表明，即便是一周只上幾個小時網的人也比更不經常上網的人更多地體會到壞心情和孤獨感。研究者對這一結果大惑不解，因為這與他們所預料的情況完全相反。因為網絡能使人選擇信息并與他人交流，所以他們期望網絡比電視更能使社會和諧。
研究者推測，網絡的使用減少了可用于與家人及朋友相處的時間，這一事實可能是造成心理健康下降的原因。不見面而且無形的虛擬交流在心理滿足方面比不上真實對話，而且通過虛擬交流建立的.關系更膚淺。另一個可能性是網絡使用者可以接觸更寬廣的世界反而對自己的生活感到不滿。
研究的發起人之一，英特爾心理學家Christine Riley說：“要記得有一點很重要：這并非技術的錯，而是人們怎樣利用它。它確實暗示出在如何設計技術應用和技術服務方面考慮社會因素的必要性。”
答案及精解
36.【答案精解】D。細節題。從第一句Internet use appears to cause a drop in psychological health，according to research at Carnegie Mellon University我們可以得出研究的結果是網絡造成人的心理健康下降。
37.【答案精解】B。細節題。從文章中第二段最后一句They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television可得出B為正確答 案。
38.【答案精解】C。判斷題。對照原文，只有選項C沒有被提及，其他三項在原文中都可找到。A項源自第二段最后一句，B項與第三段第二句相對應，D項源自第三段最后一句。
39.【答案精解】A。細節題。在文章中Christine Riley所說的話“It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.”可以直接得出答案。
40.【答案精解】D。主旨題。文章的中心思想是網絡給人造成的壞心情及產生這一結果的原因，所以最佳標題是“網絡可能導致壞心情”。
學位英語閱讀理解考試樣題指導 4
Persons who are overweight should watch their diet carefully in order to lose pounds. The, best way to do this is to start a weight control program. At first it is wise to talk with your doctor. He can advise you of the number of calories(卡路里) you should have in your meals each day. He can tell you about exercising while on your diet. A good rule is to lose slowly. A loss of a pound or two is plenty.
Plan meals around foods you know. This means that it is wise to include foods that you are used to and that are part of your regular eating habits. When you have lost the weight you wish, simple items can be added to your diet so that you can maintain the weight you want. While you are dieting, try to build a pattern of eating that you can follow later to maintain your desired weight.
When dieting, choose low-calorie foods. Avoid such items as fats, fried food, sweets, cakes, cream and soft drinks. Try to take coffee and tea without sugar or cream. Snacks can be part of your diet. For example, a piece of fruit or a simple dessert saved from mealtime can be eaten between meals.
Keep busy! This way you will not be tempted to go off the diet. Make full use of opportunities to exercise. Try walking instead of riding whenever possible. Happy dieting!
41. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) How to diet.
B) Why we should diet.
C) What we should diet.
D) Where we should diet.
42. While dieting you should ________.
A) choose fried foods
B) choose low-calorie food
C) choose snack as hamburger in McDonalds
D) talk to your doctor
43. When you have lost the weight you wish, you can ________.
A) have some more simple items in your diet
B) eat more and more foods you like
C) stop dieting
D) tell the doctor what youve done
44. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A) While dieting, you should ask the doctor so that you can lose your weight quickly.
B) Plan meals means to have some foods you like and take them as your daily eating habits.
C) When you have lost your weight, you can have some coffee and tea without sugar or cream.
D) As you are dieting, dont forget exercise.
45. If you want to start a weight control program, you should ________.
A) ask your doctor
B) plan meals and choose low-calorie foods
C) do some exercise
D) all of the above
參考譯文
肥胖人士要減肥的話，必須要密切關注自己的飲食。最好的方法就是開始一項體重控制計劃。首先，與你的醫生討論這個問題，這是明智之舉。他可以建議每天你應該食用的卡路里的數量，他可以告訴你在節食的時候要注意運動。一個很好的方法就是慢慢地減肥，一次減少一兩磅就很多了。
用你熟悉的食物計劃你的三餐。這就意味著，你的節食計劃里應該包括那些你習慣了的、成為你通常飲食習慣一部分的食物。當你達到你希望的`重量時，可以將一些簡單的食物添加到你的飲食中，以便你能保持你想要的體重。當你節食的時候，試著養成一個以后你還能保持的飲食習慣，從而可以維持你的理想體重。
節食時，要食用低卡路里的食物，不要吃如肥肉、油炸食品、糖果、蛋糕、奶油和軟飲料之類的東西。試著喝不帶糖和奶油的咖啡或茶。小點心可以是你食譜的一部分。例如，可以在正餐之間吃一片水果或者一份飯后剩下的簡單的甜點。
保持忙碌!這樣的話你將可以脫離你的食物。充分利用各種鍛煉的機會，只要有可能，就要盡量走路而不是開車。節食愉快!
答案及精解
41.【答案精解】A。主旨題。文章第一段第一、二句話Persons who are overweight should watch their diet carefully in order to lose pounds.The best way to do this is to start a weight control program點明了本文的主要內容是…the best way to do，即方法問題。
42.【答案精解】B。細節題。從原文第二段When dieting，choose low-calorie foods.可以找到答案。
43.【答案精解】A。細節題。原文第二段When you have lost the weight you wish，simple items can be added to your diet so that you can maintain the weight you want。減到理想體重以后，就可以吃一些簡單的食物。
44.【答案精解】A。判斷題。第一段末尾，作者建議A good rule is to lose slowly.A loss of a pound or two is plenty應該慢慢地減肥，選項A，醫生會建議你迅速減肥是錯誤的。
45.【答案精解】D。判斷題。文章說，要減肥的話，就要開始減肥計劃，并與醫生討論這個問題，計劃好三餐飲食，并要加強鍛煉。所以A、B、C都是正確答案。
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