2017托福閱讀理解模擬題
考生在備考閱讀理解的時候往往因為閱讀理解篇幅長而可能有意避開閱讀理解題，其實想要拿下閱讀理解就要多練習。下面是小編送給大家的一篇2017托福閱讀理解模擬題，希望對大家有所幫助。
By far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was cotton, favored by the European textile industry over flax or wool because it was easy to process and soft to tile touch. Mechanization of spinning and weaving allowed significant centralization and expansion in the textile industry during this period, and at the same time the demand for cotton increased dramatically. American producers were able to meet this demand largely because of tile invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793. Cotton could be grown throughout the South, but separating the fiber — or lint — from the seed was a laborious process. Sea island cotton was relatively easy to process by hand, because its fibers were long and seeds were concentrated at the base of the flower, but it demanded a long growing season, available only along the nation's eastern seacoast. Short-staple cotton required a much shorter growing season, but the shortness of the fibers and their mixture with seeds meant that a worker could hand-process only about one pound per day. Whitney's gin was a hand-powered machine with revolving drums and metal teeth to pull cotton fibers away from seeds. Using the gin, a worker could produce up to 50 pounds of lint a day. The later development of larger gins, powered by horses, water, or steam, multiplied productivity further.
The interaction of improved processing and high demand led to the rapid spread of the cultivation of cotton and to a surge in production. It became the main American export, dwarfing all others. In 1802, cotton composed 14 percent of total American exports by value. Cotton had a 36 percent share by 1810 and over a 50 percent share in 1830. In 1860, 61 percent of the value of American exports was represented by cotton.
In contrast, wheat and wheat flour composed only 6 percent of the value of American exports in that year. Clearly, cotton was king in the trade of the young republic. The growing market for cotton and other American agricultural products led to an unprecedented expansion of agricultural settlement, mostly in the eastern half of the United States — west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River.
1. The main point of the passage is that the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were a time when
(A) the European textile industry increased its demand for American export products
(B) mechanization of spinning and weaving dramatically changed the textile industry
(C) cotton became a profitable crop but was still time-consuming to process
(D) cotton became the most important American export product
2. The word "favored" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) preferred
(B) recommended
(C) imported
(D) included
3. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for the increased demand for cotton EXCEPT
(A) cotton's softness
(B) cotton's ease of processing
(C) a shortage of flax and wool
(D) the growth that occurred in the textile industry.
4. The word "laborious" in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) unfamiliar
(B) primitive
(C) skilled
(D) difficult
5. According to the passage , one advantage of Sea island cotton was its
(A) abundance of seeds
(B) long fibers
(C) long growing season
(D) adaptability to different climates
6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about cotton production in the United States after the introduction of Whitney's cotton gin?
(A) More cotton came from Sea island cotton plants than before.
(B) More cotton came from short-staple cotton plants than before.
(C) Most cotton produced was sold domestically.
(D) Most cotton produced was exported to England.
7. The word "surge" in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) sharp increase
(B) sudden stop
(C) important change
(D) excess amount
8. The author mentions "wheat and wheat flour" in line 23 in order to
(A) show that Americans exported more agricultural products than they imported.
(B) show the increase in the amount of wheat products exported.
(C) demonstrate the importance of cotton among American export products.
(D) demonstrate that wheat farming was becoming more profitable.
9. The word "unprecedented" in line 26 is closest in meaning to
(A) slow
(B) profitable
(C) not seen before
(D) never explained
10. According to the passage , the Mississippi River was
(A) one of the boundaries of a region where new agricultural settlement took place
(B) a major source of water for agricultural crops
(C) the primary route by which agricultural crops were transported
(D) a main source of power for most agricultural machinery
參考答案：DACDB BACCA
附：托福閱讀理解做題的誤區
考生做舊托福考試(TOEFL)閱讀或者平時的閱讀練習時，時常表現出一些不良的做題習慣。有些考生讀文章時喜歡在試題上劃線，似乎不做記號，閱讀就無法進行，思維就停止活動。不過在新托福網絡考試中，考生面對電腦就做不了任何標志記號。
有些考生文章根本不讀完，直接做題。這種方法相當于瞎子摸象，對文章只有局部的感覺，整個文章的概念無法獲得。要提醒考生的是，近年考試中針對整個文章提問的題量有所增加。所以，這種不看文章直接做題的方法是極其危險的。
有些考生則喜歡把文章一字不漏地細讀之后再做題。這種方法僅適合于兩種情況，其一，考生已具備相當的閱讀水平，長期以來運用這種方法效果甚佳;其二，某一篇具體的文章是考生所熟悉的內容，細讀文章并不會花太多的時間。一般來說，大部分考生采用細讀文章方法，做題時間嚴重不足。考生不應該忘記，閱讀理解測試速度和理解兩個方面。
在做詞匯題時，許多考生認為做不對題與自己的詞匯量有關，認識單詞能做對，不認識單詞就會做錯。事實上，那些認識的單詞經常做錯，不認識的單詞反而能做對。原因是，做不認識單詞時，考生會仔細研讀詞匯題的上下文，力求在上下文中突破。而做認識單詞時，忽略上下文的重要性，往往是裝模作樣的看一下上下文，便匆匆做出抉擇。所以，做好詞匯題關鍵在于透徹分析上下文--詞匯題的句子以及上下一句話，有時候，個別詞匯題也許需要在文章其他段落尋找線索。
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