2017年托福獨立寫作素材環境篇

　　環境問題為托福常考話題以及獨立寫作常常可以轉化到的一個論證方向，那么就讓我們來積累一些時尚新鮮的語言素材吧。從歐巴馬總統呼吁應對氣候變化威脅的電視講話中，我們無疑能夠得到許多可用的素材喲，一起來積累學習吧!

　　Hi, everybody.This Monday, I'm heading to Alaska for a three-day tour of the state.

　　I've been looking forward to this for a long time.Not only because Alaska is one of the most beautiful places in a country that's full of beautiful places-but because I'll have several opportunities to meet with everyday Alaskans about what's going on in their lives.I'll travel throughout the state, meeting with Alaskans who live above the Arctic Circle, with Alaska natives, and with folks who earn their livelihoods through fishing and tourism.And I expect to learn a lot.One thing I've learned so far is that a lot of these conversations begin with climate change.And that's because Alaskans are already living with its effects.More frequent and extensive wildfires.Bigger storm surges as sea ice melts faster.Some of the swiftest shoreline erosion in the world-in some places, more than three feet a year. Alaska's glaciers are melting faster too, threatening tourism and adding to rising seas.And if we do nothing, Alaskan temperatures are projected to rise between six and twelve degrees by the end of the century, changing all sorts of industries forever.

　　語言素材

　　謀生： earn/seek one’s livelihood/living

　　漁業和旅游業： fishing and tourism

　　氣候變化：climate change

　　承受…影響： live with + adj+ effects

　　越來越頻繁和嚴重的森林火災：more frequent and extensive wildfires

　　隨著海冰融化速度加快，風暴更加洶涌：bigger storm surges as sea ice melts faster

　　最快速的海岸線腐蝕：the swiftest shoreline erosion

　　導致海平面上升：adding to rising seas

　　This is all real.This is happening to our fellow Americans right now.In fact, Alaska's governor recently told me that four villages are in “imminent danger” and have to be relocated.Already, rising sea levels are beginning to swallow one island community.Think about that.If another country threatened to wipe out an American town, we'd do everything in our power to protect ourselves.Climate change poses the same threat, right now. That's why one of the things I'll do while I'm in Alaska is to convene other nations to meet this threat.Several Arctic nations have already committed to action.Since the United States and China worked together to set ambitious climate targets last year, leading by example, many of the world's biggest emitters have come forward with new climate plans of their own.And that's a good sign as we approach this December's global climate negotiations in Paris.

　　語言素材：

　　發生到... happen to…

　　即將來臨的威脅：imminent threat

　　吞沒一個一個有居民的小島：swallow one island community

　　產生…威脅：pose... threat

　　召集其他國家共同面對威脅：convene other nations to meet this threat

　　制定宏偉的氣候應對目標：set ambitious climate targets

　　碳排放大國：many of the world’s biggest emitters

　　Now, one of the ways America is leading is by transitioning away from dirty energy sources that threaten our health and our environment, and by going all-in on clean, renewable energy sources like wind and solar.And Alaska has the natural resources to be a global leader in this effort.

　　Now even as we accelerate this transition, our economy still has to rely on oil and gas.As long as that's the case, I believe we should rely more on domestic production than on foreign imports, and we should demand the highest safety standards in the industry-our own.Still, I know there are Americans who are concerned about oil companies drilling in environmentally sensitive waters.Some are also concerned with my administration's decision to approve Shell's application to drill a well off the Alaskan coast, using leases they purchased before I took office.I share people's concerns about offshore drilling.I remember the BP spill in the Gulf of Mexico all too well.

　　語言素材:

　　從威脅健康和環境的污染能源向全面的清潔，可再生能源如風能太陽能轉變： transition away from dirty energy

　　sources that threaten our health and our environment and go all-in on clean, renewable energy sources like wind and solar

　　更依靠國內生產而不是進口: rely more on domestic production than foreign imports

　　堅持最高安全標準: demand the highest safety standards

　　關注：be concerned about…

　　批準殼牌公司在阿拉斯加近海鉆井: approve Shell’s application to drill a well off the Alaskan coast

　　BP公司在墨西哥海岸的石油泄漏事故：the BP spill in the Gulf of Mexico

　　That's precisely why my administration has worked to make sure that our oil exploration conducted under these leases is done at the highest standards possible, with requirements specifically tailored to the risks of drilling off Alaska.We don't rubber-stamp permits.We made it clear that Shell has to meet our high standards in how they conduct their operations-and it's a testament to how rigorous we've applied those standards that Shell has delayed and limited its exploration off Alaska while trying to meet them.The bottom line is, safety has been and will continue to be my administration's top priority when it comes to oil and gas exploration off America's precious coasts-even as we push our economy and the world to ultimately transition off of fossil fuels.

　　語言素材:

　　石油勘探工作：conduct the oil exploration

　　量身制定的要求去避免阿拉斯加近海鉆井的風險： the requirements specifically tailored to the risks of drilling off Alaska

　　不經審查就批準: rubber-stamp permits

　　滿足最高標準: meet our highest standards

　　測試多么嚴格的執行那些標準: it is testament to how rigorous we’ve applied those standards.

　　So I'm looking forward to talking with Alaskans about how we can work together to make America the global leader on climate change around the globe.And we're going to offer unique and engaging ways for you to join me on this trip all week at

　　WhiteHouse.gov/Alaska.Because what's happening in Alaska is happening to us.It's our wakeup call.And as long as I'm President, America will lead the world to meet the threat of climate change before it's too late.Thanks, and have a great weekend.

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