- 相關(guān)推薦
2017年雅思考試聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練中英對(duì)照
勤勞一日，可得一夜安眠;勤勞一生，可得幸福長(zhǎng)眠。以下是小編為大家搜整理的2017年雅思考試聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練中英對(duì)照，希望能給大家?guī)?lái)幫助!更多精彩內(nèi)容請(qǐng)及時(shí)關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!
So what I'm going to talk about to you today issomething called Ethnography.
今天我要跟你們講的是關(guān)于人種學(xué)的內(nèi)容。
This is a type of research aimed at exploring the wayhuman cultures work.
這是一種以探究人類(lèi)文明如何起作用為目的的研究。
It was first developed for use in anthropology, andit's also been used in sociology and communicationstudies.
它起先是為了在人類(lèi)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的使用而提出的，現(xiàn)在也被用于研究社會(huì)學(xué)和傳播學(xué)。
So what's it got to do with business, you may ask.
你們也許要問(wèn)，這跟商務(wù)有什么關(guān)系?
Well, businesses are finding that ethnography can offer them deeper insight into the possibleneeds of customers either present or future
企業(yè)逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)習(xí)人種學(xué)能夠使他們更深層次地洞悉現(xiàn)有或未來(lái)客戶(hù)的潛在需求，
as well as providing valuable information about their attitudes towards existing products.
同時(shí)也使他們獲取了客戶(hù)對(duì)他們現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品的寶貴意見(jiàn)。
And ethnography can also help companies to design new products or services that customersreally want.
而且人種學(xué)還能夠幫助公司設(shè)計(jì)出客戶(hù)真正想要的新產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)。
Let's look at some examples of how ethnographic research works in business.
我們來(lái)看幾個(gè)例子，看看人種學(xué)方面的研究是如何在商業(yè)中起作用的。
One team of researchers did a project for a company manufacturing kitchen equipment.
一組研究人員為一家生產(chǎn)廚房用具的公司做了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。
They watched how cooks used measuring cups to measure out things like sugar and flour.
他們仔細(xì)觀察了廚師們是如何使用量杯測(cè)算出像糖和面粉這類(lèi)食品的用量的。
They saw that the cooks had to check and recheck the contents,
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)廚師們要反復(fù)檢查量杯里的東西，
because although the measuring cups had numbers inside them the cooks couldn't see theseeasily.
因?yàn)殡m然這些量杯內(nèi)部都有刻度，但是卻無(wú)法輕易看見(jiàn)它們。
So a new design of cup was developed to overcome this problem, and it was a top seller.
于是他們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一種新的量杯來(lái)克服這個(gè)問(wèn)題，而這種量杯也成為了最暢銷(xiāo)的產(chǎn)品。
Another team of ethnographic researchers looked at how cell phones were used in Uganda, inAfrica.
另一組人種學(xué)研究人員研究了非洲烏干達(dá)的人們是如何使用手機(jī)的。
They found that people who didn't have their own phones could pay to use the phones of localentrepreneurs.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那些自己沒(méi)有手機(jī)的人，可以付錢(qián)使用當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)家的手機(jī)。
Because these customers paid in advance for their calls, they were eager to know how muchtime they'd spent on the call so far.
由于這些顧客提前支付了打電話的費(fèi)用，所以他們很想知道自己這通電話到目前為止已經(jīng)打了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
So the phone company designed phones for use globally with this added feature.
于是電話公司設(shè)計(jì)出了能夠在全球使用的，帶有這項(xiàng)額外性能的手機(jī)。
Ethnographic research has also been carried out in computer companies.
計(jì)算機(jī)公司同樣也進(jìn)行了人種學(xué)研究。
In one company, IT systems administrators were observed for several weeks.
在某家公司里，他們持續(xù)觀察了好幾周IT系統(tǒng)管理員。
It was found that a large amount of their work involved communicating with colleagues in orderto solve problems,
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些管理員的工作中很大一部分都涉及了和同事交流以解決問(wèn)題，
but that they didn't have a standard way of exchanging information from spreadsheets and soon.
但是他們沒(méi)有一個(gè)通過(guò)電子數(shù)據(jù)表之類(lèi)的平臺(tái)交換信息的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方式。
So the team came up with an idea for software that would help them to do this.
于是這組研究人員提出了設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)能夠幫助他們做到這一點(diǎn)的軟件的想法。
In another piece of research, a team observed and talked to nurses working in hospitals.
在另一次研究中，一組研究員觀察并約談了一些在醫(yī)院工作的護(hù)士。
This led to the recognition that the nurses needed to access the computer records of theirpatients no matter where they were.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些護(hù)士需要無(wú)論身在何處都能獲取他們病人的電腦記錄。
This led to the development of a portable computer tablet that allowed the nurses to checkrecords in locations throughout the hospital.
這一發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致了一種便攜式平板電腦的問(wèn)世，這個(gè)平板電腦使得護(hù)士在醫(yī)院的任何地方都能查看記錄。
Occasionally, research can be done even in environments where the researchers can't bepresent.
偶爾，在研究人員無(wú)法到達(dá)的環(huán)境里甚至也能進(jìn)行研究。
For example, in one project done for an airline,
比如一個(gè)為航空公司進(jìn)行的項(xiàng)目。
respondents used their smart phones to record information during airline trips in a studyaiming at tracking the emotions of passengers during a flight.
在一項(xiàng)目的在于追蹤乘客飛行時(shí)的情緒的研究中，被研究者用他們的智能手機(jī)記錄下了飛行過(guò)程的信息。
【雅思考試聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練中英對(duì)照】相關(guān)文章：
2017年雅思考試聽(tīng)力輔導(dǎo)訓(xùn)練試題05-13
雅思考試：聽(tīng)力代詞的使用方法09-08
英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力逆序聽(tīng)力法訓(xùn)練方法09-16
雅思考試聽(tīng)力超強(qiáng)實(shí)用審題技巧05-24