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2017年全國英語等級五級考試寫作語法指導
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名詞性that-從句
1)由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的.作用，在從句中不擔任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：
主語：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他還活著全靠運氣。
賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。
表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。
同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近來誰也沒有見過他，這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。
形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你對工作滿意我感到很高興。
2)That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整個計劃注定要失敗。
It’s a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系：
a.It + be +形容詞+ that-從句
It is necessary that... 有必要……
It is important that... 重要的是……
It is obvious that... 很明顯……
b. It + be + -ed分詞+ that-從句
It is believed that... 人們相信……
It is known to all that... 從所周知……
It has been decided that... 已決定……
c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that... ……是常識
It is a surprise that... 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that... 事實是……
d. It +不及物動詞+ that-分句
It appears that... 似乎……
It happens that... 碰巧……
It occurred to me that... 我突然想起……
名詞性wh-從句
由wh-詞引導的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who、whom、whose、whoever、what、whatever、which、whichever等連接代詞和where、when、how、why等連接副詞。
Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等，例如：
主語： How the book will sell depends on its author.書銷售如何取決于作者本人。
直接賓語：In one’s own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以隨心所欲
寫作練習：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a good friend John, congratulating him on his admission to a famous university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1.對朋友進入大學表示祝賀
2.介紹大學生活和中學生活的異同
3.對如何成功地過好大學生活提出自己的建議
「范文」
A Congratulation Letter
June 16, 2006
Dear John,
I'm very glad to hear that you have passed the entrance examination and been accepted by a very famous university. I feel very proud of you and I believe you really deserve the honor since you have been working so hard. As you have mentioned in the letter, there are both some similarities and differences between the college life and the life in high school. On the one hand, you have to go on working hard as there are a lot of subjects for you to learn.
On the other hand, in high school, teachers will probably tell you what to learn and how to learn in details and will also monitor your learning performance, while in college, teachers work like tour guides and you have to find out your own way to acquire knowledge and solve problems. For you, I think to be optimistic is very important. If you hope to adapt yourself to the new environment, you'd better be positive no matter what difficulties you will experience in your college life. May you adapt yourself to the college life as soon as possible!
Truly Yours,
Carl
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