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2017年英語(yǔ)專八考試翻譯模擬練習(xí)
英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在句法、詞匯、修辭等方面均存在著很大的差異，因此在進(jìn)行英漢譯時(shí)必然會(huì)遇到很多困難，需要有一定的翻譯技巧作指導(dǎo)。下面，是小編為大家搜索整理的2017年英語(yǔ)專八考試翻譯模擬練習(xí)，希望能給大家?guī)?lái)幫助!更多精彩內(nèi)容請(qǐng)及時(shí)關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!
增譯法：指根據(jù)英漢兩種語(yǔ)言不同的思維方式、語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式，在翻譯時(shí)增添一些詞、短句或句子，以便更準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出原文所包含的意義
這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句較多，而英語(yǔ)句子一般都要有主語(yǔ)，所以在翻譯漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句的時(shí)候，除了少數(shù)可用英語(yǔ)無(wú)主句、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或“There be…”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)翻譯以外，一般都要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)出主語(yǔ)，使句子完整。英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞和冠詞的使用方法上也存在很大差別。英語(yǔ)中代詞使用頻率較高，凡說(shuō)到人的器官和歸某人所有的或與某人有關(guān)的事物時(shí)，必須在前面加上物主代詞。因此，在漢譯英時(shí)需要增補(bǔ)物主代詞，而在英譯漢時(shí)又需要根據(jù)情況適當(dāng)?shù)貏h減。英語(yǔ)詞與詞、詞組與詞組以及句子與句子的邏輯關(guān)系一般用連詞來(lái)表示，而漢語(yǔ)則往往通過(guò)上下文和語(yǔ)序來(lái)表示這種關(guān)系。因此，在漢譯英時(shí)常常需要增補(bǔ)連詞。英語(yǔ)句子離不開介詞和冠詞。另外，在漢譯英時(shí)還要注意增補(bǔ)一些原文中暗含而沒有明言的詞語(yǔ)和一些概括性、注釋性的詞語(yǔ)，以確保譯文意思的完整。總之，通過(guò)增譯，一是保證譯文語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的完整，二是保證譯文意思的明確。
如：
(1) What about calling him right away? 馬上給他打個(gè)電話，你覺得如何? (增譯主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ))
(2) If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化實(shí)現(xiàn)該有多好啊! (增譯主句)
(3) Indeed， the reverse is true. 實(shí)際情況恰好相反。 (增譯名詞)
(4) Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights. 就是法西斯國(guó)家本國(guó)的人民也被剝奪了人權(quán)。 (增譯物主代詞)
(5) While the magistrates were free to burn down house， the common people were forbidden to light lamps. 只許州官放火，不許百姓點(diǎn)燈。 (增譯連詞)
(6) 這是我們兩國(guó)人民的又一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)。 This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries. (增譯介詞)
(7) 在人權(quán)領(lǐng)域，中國(guó)反對(duì)以大欺小、以強(qiáng)凌弱。 In the field of human rights， China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak. (增譯暗含詞語(yǔ))
(8) 三個(gè)臭皮匠，合成一個(gè)諸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind. (增譯注釋性詞語(yǔ))
希望以上的例句能幫助大家更好地理解增譯法，并應(yīng)用于今后的翻譯實(shí)踐中。
追憶往事
中文原文：
老太太總以自家花園里那棵高大的玫瑰樹為榮。她非常喜歡告訴別人，數(shù)年前她初次結(jié)婚時(shí)從羅馬帶回來(lái)的枝條，是如何長(zhǎng)成如今這般高大的。那時(shí)，她與丈夫乘馬車從羅馬旅行歸來(lái)(那時(shí)還沒有火車)，途經(jīng)錫耶那南部的崎嶇路段時(shí)，馬車壞了，他們被迫就宿于路邊的小屋里。住宿條件當(dāng)然非常差;她一夜未能安眠，一早便起身穿好衣服，立于窗前，感受著撲面而來(lái)的席席涼風(fēng)，等待著黎明的到來(lái)。事隔多年，她仍然記得那情景。明月高懸在青山群巒之上，遠(yuǎn)處山峰上的小鎮(zhèn)逐漸明亮起來(lái)，月亮慢慢消退，晨曦把群山涂得粉紅。突然之間，一束陽(yáng)光照亮了城鎮(zhèn)。城里的窗戶相繼明亮起來(lái)，反射出耀眼的光芒。最后，整個(gè)小城宛若繁星，在天空中不停閃爍。
參考譯文：
The old lady had always been proud of the great rose-tree in her garden, and was fond of telling how it had grown from a cutting she had brought years before from Italy, when she was first married. She and her husband had been travelling back in their carriage from Rome ( it was before the time of railways ) and on a bad piece of road south of Siena thecarriage had broken down, and had been forced to pass the night in a little house by the road-side. The accommodation was wretched of course; she had spent a sleepless night, and rising early had stood, wrapped up, at her window, with the cool air blowing on her face, to watch the dawn. She could still, after all these years, remember the blue mountains with the bright moon above them, and how a far-off town on one of the peaks had gradually grown whiter and whiter, till the moon faded, the mountains were touched with the pink of the rising sun, and suddenly the town was lit as by an illumination, one window after another catching and reflecting the sun' beam, till at last the whole little city twinkled and sparkled up in the sky like a nest of stars.
進(jìn)取的幸福
中文原文：
正是因?yàn)椴煌５刈非筮M(jìn)取，我們才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件隨之而來(lái)，如此連綿不絕，永無(wú)止境。對(duì)于往前看的人來(lái)說(shuō)，眼前總有一番新天地。雖然我們蝸居于這顆小行星上，整日忙于瑣事且生命短暫，但我們生來(lái)就有不盡的希望，如天上繁星，遙不可及。只要生命猶在，希望便會(huì)不止。真正的幸福在于怎樣開始，而不是如何結(jié)束，在于我們的希翼，而并非擁有。
參考譯文：
We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have.
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