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2015年6月全國英語四級考試真題及答案（卷2）
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2015年6月全國英語四級考試真題(卷2)及答案
Part IWriting(30 minutes)
Directions：for this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.
You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on this kind of modern life.You should write at least l20 words but no more than l80words
Part lI Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)
Section A
Directions：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation，one or more questions will be asked about what Was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause，you must read thefour choices marked A.，B)，C)and D).and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet l with a single line through the centre.
1.A.He is pleased to sit on the committee.
B.He iS willing to offer the woman a hand.
C.He will tell the woman his decision later.
D.He would like to become a club member.
2.A.Their planned trip to Vancouver is obviously overpriced.
B.They should borrow a guide book instead of buying one.
C.The guide books in the library have the latest information.
D.The library Can help order guide books about Vancouver.
3.A.He regrets having taken the history course.
B.He finds little interest in the history books.
C.He has trouble finishing his reading assignments.
D.He has difficulty writing the weekly book report.
4.A.The man had better choose another restaurant.
B.The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.
C.The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.
D.The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.
5.A.He has been looking forward to spring.
B.He has been waiting for the winter sale.
C.He will clean the woman，s boots for spring.
D.He will help the woman put things away.
6.A.At a tailor’s.
B.At Bob’s home.
C.In a clothes store.
D.In a theatre.
7.A.His guests favor Tibetan drinks.
B.His water is quite extraordinary.
C.Mineral water is good for health.
D.Plain water will serve the purpose.
8.A.Report the result of a discussion.
B.Raise some environmental issues.
C.Submit an important document.
D.Revise an environmental report.
Questions 9 t0 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9.A.They pollute the soil used to cover them.
B.They are harmful to nearby neighborhoods.
C.The rubbish in them takes long to dissolve.
D.The gas they emit is extremely poisonous.
10.A.Growing population.
B.Packaging materials.
C.Changed eating habits.
D.Lower production cost.
11.A.By saving energy.
B.By using less aluminum.
C.By reducing poisonous wastes.
D.By making the most of materials.
12.A.We are running out of natural resources soon.
B.Only combined efforts can make a difference.
C.The waste problem will eventually hurt all of us.
D.All of us can actually benefit from recyclin9.
Questions l3 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
13.A.Miami.
B.Vancouver.
C.Bellingham.
D.Boston.
14.A.To get information on one—way tickets to Canada.
B.To inquire about the price of“Super Saver”seats.
C.To get advice on how to fly as cheaply as possible.
D.To inquire about the shortest route to drive home.
15.A.Join a tourist group.
B.Choose a major airline.
C.Avoid trips in public holidays.
D.Book tickets as early as possible.
Section B
Directions：/n this section，you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage，you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A.，B)，C.and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single linethrough the centre.
Passage One
Questions l6 t0 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.A.There are mysterious stories behind his works.
B.There are many misunderstandings about him.
C.His works have no match worldwide.
D.His personal history is little known.
17.A.He moved to Stratford—on—Avon in his childhood.
B.He failed to go beyond grammar sch001.
C.He was a member of the town council.
D.He once worked in a well—known acting company.
18.A.Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.
B.Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.
C.His works were adapted beyond recognition.
D.People of his time had little interest in him.
Passage Two
Questions l9 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard
19.A.It shows you have been ignoring your health
B. It can seriously affect your thinking process
C.It is an early warning of some illness.
D.It is a symptom of too much pressure.
20.A.Reduce our workload.
B.Control our temper.
C.Use painkillers for relief
D.Avoid masking syruptoms_
21.A. Lying down and having some sleep.
B.Rubbing and pressing one’s back.
C.Going out for a walk
D.Listening to light music
Passage Three
Questions 22 t0 25 are based on the passage you have just heard
22.A.Depending heavily on loans.
B.Having no budget plans at all.
C.Spending beyond one's means
D.Leaving no room for large bills
23.A.Many of them can be cut.
B. All of them have to be covered.
C.Their payment cannot be delayed
D.They eat up most of the familyincome
24.A.Rent a house instead of buying one.
B. Discuss the problem in the family.
C.Make a conservation plan
D.Move to a cheaper Place
25.A.Financial issues plaguing a family.
B.Difficulty in making both ends meet.
C.Family budget problems and solutions
D.New ways to boost familyincome
Section C
Directions：In this section，you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the firsttime,you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage Its read for thesecond time,you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what youhave written.
Perhaps because going to college is so much a part of the American dream，many people go for no26 reason. Some go because their parents expect it，others because it's what their friends aredoing.Then，there，s the belief that a college degree will27 ensure a good job and high pay.
Some students 28 through four years，attending classes，or skipping(逃課)them as the case may be，reading only what can’t be avoided，looking for less 29courses，and never being toucnedor changed in any important way. For a few of these people，college provides no 30，yet.Becauseof parental or peer pressure，they cannot voluntarily leave.They stop trying in the hope that theirtea。chers will nmke the decision for them by 31 them.
To put it bluntly (直截了當地)，unless you’re willing to make your college years count，Y0u mightbe32 doing something else. Not everyone should attend college，nor should everyone who doe.Sattendbegin right after high school.Many college students 33 taking a year or so 0ff.A year out mthe world helps some people to 34 their priorities and goals.If you’re really going to get somethingout of going to college，you have to make it mean something，and to do that you must have some ideawhy you're there，what you hope to get out of it，and35 even what you hope to become.
Part HIReading Comprehension(40 minutes)
Section A
Directions：/n this section，there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given ina word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letterfor each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bankmore than once.
Questions 36 t0 45 are based on the following passage.
It’s our guilty pleasure：Watching TV is the most comtion everyday activity，after work and sleep，in many parts of the world.Americans viewfive hours of TV each day，and while we know thatspending so much time sitting36 can lead to obesity(肥胖癥)and other diseases，researchershave now quantified just how 37 being a couch potato can be.
In an analysis of data from eight large 38 published studies，a Harvard—led group reported inthe that for every two hours per day spent channel 39 ，the risk of developing Type 2 diabetesJournal of the American Medical Association(糖尿病)rose 20%over 8.5 years，the risk of heartdisease increased l5%over a 40 ，and the odds of dying prematurely 41 13%during a seven—year follow—up.All of these 42 are linked to a lack ofphysical exercise.But compared with othersedentary(久坐的)activities，like knitting，viewing TV may be especially 43 at promotingunhealthy habits.For one，the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs the time we spendon anything else.And other studies have found that watchingads for beer and popcorn may make youmore likely to 44 them.
Even so.the authors admit that they didn’t compare different sedentary activities to 45whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk ofdiabetes，heart disease or early death comparedwith，say，reading.
A.climbed
B.consume
C.decade
D.determine
E.effective
F.harmful
G.outcomes
H.passively
I.previously
J.resume
K.suffered
L.surfing
M.term
N.terminals
0.twisting
Section B
Directions：/n this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph ismarked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Essay.Grading Software Offers Professors a Break
A.Imagine taking a college exam，and，instead of handing in a blue book and getting a grade from aprofessor a few weeks later，clicking the“send”button when you are done and receiving a grade back instantly，your essay scored by a software program.And then，instead of being done with that exam，imagine that the system would immediately let you rewrite the test to try to improve your grade.
B.EDX，the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)to offer courses on the Internet，has just introduced such a system and will make itsautomated(自動的)software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it.Thesoftware uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers，freeingprofessors for other tasks.
C.The new service will bring the educational consortium(聯盟)into a growing conflict over the roleof automation in education.Although automated grading systems for multiple—choice and true—falsetests are now widespread，the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answers has not yet received widespread acceptance by educators and has many critics.
D.Anant Agarwal，an electrical engineer who is president of EDX，predicted that the instant—gradingsoftware would be a useful teaching toolenabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers.He said the technology would offer distinctadvantages over the traditional classroom system，where students often wait days or weeks lorgrades.“There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback，”Dr.Agarwal said.“Students aretelling us they learn much better with instant feedback.”
E.But skeptics(懷疑者)say the automated system is no match for live teachers.One longtime critic， Les Perelman，has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks.He has also been highly critical ofstudies claiming that the software compares well to human graders.
F.He is among a group of educators who last month began circulating a petition(呼吁)opposingautomated assessment software.The group. which calls itself Professionals Against MachineScoring of Student Essays in High—Stakes Assessment，has collected nearly 2，000 signatures，including some from famous people like Noanl Chomsky.
G.“Let’s face the realities of automatic essay scorin9，”the group’s statement reads in part. “Computers cannot‘read.’They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication：accuracy.reasonin9，adequacy of evidence，good sense，ethical(倫理的)position，convincingargument，meaningful organization，and clarity，among others.”
H)But EdX expects its software to be adopted widely by schools and universities.It offers free online classes from Harvard.MIT and the Universityof California—Berkeley;this fall，it will add classes from Wellesley.Georgetown and the University of Texas.In all，12 universities participate in EDX，which offers certificates for course completion and has said that it plans to continue to expand nextyear，including adding international schools.
I.The EDX assessment tool requires human teachers，or graders，to first grade l00 essays or essayquestions.The system then uses a variety of machine—learning techniques to train itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers automatically and almost instantly.The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system created by the teacher，whether it is a letter grade or numerical(數字的)rank.
J . EDX is not the first to use the automated assessment technology，which dates to early computers inthe l960s.There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written testanswers，and four states--Louisiana，North Dakota，Utah and West Virginia--are using some form
of the technology in secondary schools.A fifth，Indiana，has experimented with it.In some casesthe software is used as a“second reader.”to check the reliability of the human graders.
K.But the growing influence of the EDx consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology aboost.On Tuesday，Stanford announced that it would work with EDX to develop a joint educationalsystem that will make use of the automated assessment technology.
L.Two start.ups.Coursera and Udacity，recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create“massive open online courses，”0r MOOCs，are also committed to automated assessment systemsbecause of the value of instant feedback.‘‘It allows students to get immediate feedback on their
work.so that learning turns into a game，with students naturally gravitating(吸引)towardresubmitting the work until they get it right，”said Daphne Koller，a computer scientist and afounder of Coursera.
M.Last year the Hewlett Foundation， a grant—malting organization set up by one of the HewlettPackard founders and his wife.sponsored two$100，000 prizes aimed at improving software thatgrades essays and short answers.More than l50 teams entered each category.A winner of one ofthe Hewlett contests.Vik Paruchuri，was hired by E(Ⅸto help design its assessment software.
N.“One of our focuses is to help Mds learn how to think critically，”said Victor Vuchic，a programofficer at the Hewlett Foundation.“It’s probably impossible to do that with multiple—choice testsThe challenge is that this requires human graders，and so they cost a lot more and they take a lotmore time.“
O.Mark D.Shermis，a professor at the University of Akron in Ohi0.supervised the HewlettFoundation’s contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment.In his view，the technology--though imperfect--has a place in educational settings.
P.With increasingly large classes，it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningfulfeedback on writing assignments，he said.Plus，he noted，critics of the technology have tended tocome from the nation’s best universities，where the level of teaching is much better than at nlostschools.
Q)“Often they come from very famous institutions where，in fact，they do a much better.job ofproviding feedback than a machine ever could，”Dr.Shermis said.“There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world.”
46.Some professionals in education are collecting signatures to voice their opposition to antomatedessay grading.
47.Using software to grade students’essays saves teachers time for other work.
48.The Hewlett contests aim at improving essay grading software.
49.Though the automated grading system is widely used in multiple—choice tests.automated essaygrading is still criticized by many educators.
50.Some people don’t believe the software grading system can do as good a job as human graders.
51.Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in less famousuniversities.
52. Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot be measured by computer ratingprograms.
53.As class size grows，most teachers are unable to give students valuable comments aS to how toimprove their writin9.
54.The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of humangraders.
55.Students find instant feedback helps improve their learning considerably.
Section C
Directions：There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them thereare four choices marked A.，B)，C)andD.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answe，.
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 t0 60 are based on the following passage.
The endless debate about“work—life balance”often contains a hopeful footnote about stayat home dads.If American society and business won’t make it easier on future female leaders who chooseto have children，there is still the ray of hope that increasing numbers of full—time fathers will.Butbased on today’s socioeconomic trends，this hope is，unfortunately，misguided.
It’s true that the number of men who have left work to do their thing as full—time parents hasdoubled in a decade，but it’s still very small：only 0.8%of married couples where the stay—at—hornefather was out of the labor force for a year.Even that percentage is likely inflated by men thrust intotheir caretaker role by a downsizing.This is simply not a large enough group to reduce the socialstigma(污名)and force otheradjustments necessary to supporting men in this decision.even if onlywork more than their family.
Even shorter times away from work for working fathers are already difficult.A study found that85%of new fathers take some time off after the birth of a child—but for all but a few.it’s a week ortwo at most.Meanwhile，the average for women who take leave is more than lo weeks.
Such choices impact who moves up in the organization.While you’re away，someone else is doingyour work，making your sales，taking care of your customers.That can’t help you at work.It can onlyhurt you.Women，of course，face the same issues of returning after a long absence.But with manymore women than men choosing to leave the workforce entirely to raise families，returning from anextended parental leave doesn’t raise as many eyebrows as it does for men.
Women would make more if they didn’t break their earning trajectory(軌跡)by leaving theworkforce，or if higher-paying professions were more familyfriendly.In the foreseeable future，Stay athome fathers may make all the difference for individual families.but their presence won’t reduce thenumbers of highpotential women who are forced to choose between family and career.
56.What gives women a ray of hope to achieve work life balance?
A.More men taking an extended parental leave.
B.People’s changing attitudes towards family.
C.More women entering business management.
D.The improvement of their socioeconomic status.
57.Why does the author say the hope for more full—time fathers is misguided?
A.Women are better at taking care of children.
B.Many men value work more than their family.
C.Their number is too small to make a difference.
D.Not many men have the chance to stay at home.
58.Why do few men take a long parental leave?
A.A long leave will have a negative impact on their career.
B.They just have too many responsibilities to fulfill at work.
C.The economic loss will be too much for their family to bear.
D.They are likely to get fired if absent from work for too lon9.
59.What is the most likely reaction to men returning from an extended parental leave?
A.Jealousy.
B.Surprise
C.Admiration
D.Sympathy.
60.What does the author say about high-potential women in the not—too-distant future?
A.They will benefit from the trend of more fathers staying at home.
B.They will find high—paying professions a bit more family—friendly.
C.They are unlikely to break their career trajectory to raise a family.
D.They will still face the difficult choice between career and children.
Passage Two
Questions 61 tO 65 are based on the following passage.
Some of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines.One example comes fromagriculture.Food riots and hunger make news.But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talkedabout.This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world’s major crops.A new study bythe University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where.and how far.this declineis occurring.
The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops：rice，wheat，cornand soyabeans(大豆).They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas，theimprovement in yields that took place before the l980s slowed down in the l990s and 2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown.One is that it has been particularly sharp in theworld’s most populous(人口多的)countries，India and China.Their ability to feed themselves hasbeen an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets.
That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.Second，yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in coll and soyabeans.This isproblematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods，accounting for around half ofallcalories consumed.Corn and soyabeans are more important as feed grains.The authors note that“wehave preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than oncrops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.”
The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that theworld will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050，as theFood and Agriculture Organisation has argued.Instead，it says，thanks to slowing populationgrowth，land currently ploughed up for crops mightbe able to revert(回返)to forest or wilderness.This could happen.The trouble is that the forecastassumes continued improvements in yields which may not actually happen
61.What does the author try to draw attention to?
A.Food riots and hunger in the world.
B.News headlines in the leading media.
C.The decline of the grain yield growth.
D.The food supply in populous countries.
62.Why does the author mention India and China in particular?
A.Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.
B.Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.
C.Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.
D 1 Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.
63.What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?
A. They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the l980s.
B.They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.
C.They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.
D.They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.
64.What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in the comingdecades?
A.The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.
B.The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.
C. The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be"reversed.
D.The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.
65.How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation?
A.It is built on the findings of a new study.
B.It is based on a doubtful assumption.
C.It is backed by strong evidence.
D. It is open to further discussion.
Part IV Translation(30 minutes)
Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
據報道，今年中國快遞服務(courier services)將遞送大約120億件包裹。這將使中國有可能超越美國成為世界上最大的快遞市場。大多數包裹里裝著網上訂購的物品。中國給數百萬在線零售商以極具競爭力的價格銷售商品的機會。僅在ll月11日，中國消費者就從國內最大的購物平臺購買了價值90億美元的商品。中國有不少這樣的特殊購物日。因此，快遞業在中國擴展就不足為奇了。
答案與詳解
Part I Writing
這是一篇四級考試中常見的議論文。此次通過漫畫所呈現出的話題computer(電腦)是考生日常生活中耳熟能詳的話題，因此寫起來并不難。行文中，考生應將重點放在第二段闡述電腦與日常生活的關系上。聯系實際分析可知，二者關系為：電腦為日常生活提供了便利，但不能完全占據人們的日常生活。
一、提出觀點：電腦在日常生活中雖然重要但并非必不可少(an important but not indispensable role)
現代生活
漫畫中是一個人，一天當中他無時無刻不在使用電腦，不論是在工作時、在家時、玩游戲時，還是在睡眠中。這幅漫畫生動地描述了一種普遍現象：電腦現在深深地滲透到我們的日常生活中，我們甚至一分鐘都不能沒有它。盡管如此，在我看來，電腦在現代生活中雖然重要但并非必不可少。
誠然，電腦使我們的生活方便，并提供及時幫助。但它并非生活必需品。首先，過度沉迷于電腦對我們的健康不利。我們可能著迷于電腦上五花八門的內容而忽略了在業余時間鍛煉身體。此外，過度使用電腦會將我們隔離在社交圈之外。因為我們可以通過電腦與虛擬世界中的朋友交談，所以我們可能不會費心去與身邊的親朋好友交流。
總之，作為高科技的產物，電腦確實改善了我們的生活。但是我們不應該在電腦上花費過多的時間而舍棄享受美好的生活.
主題詞匯
make good use of充分利用
be fascinated by著迷于
illustrate闡述，闡釋
information highway信息高速
extend…int0將……擴展到
attach importance to重視
key pal網友
digital數字的，數碼的
be obsessed with沉迷于 句式拓展
1.For a long time many people would like to type…on
the computer rather than conceive of…長期以來，許
多人寧愿把……打在電腦上，而不是自己構思…….
2.It is human beings themselves wh0….which makes
the high technology…正是人類自身……，這使得高科.
技……。
Part II Listening Comprehension
1.W：Tom.would you be interested in serving on the membership committee this year?
M：Can I get back to you on that in a few days?
0：What does the man mean?
C.
2.W：We should buy a good guide book and study it before our trip to Vancouver.
M：We could.But they are overprice—d.What about the library?
Q：What does the man mean?
B.
3.W：You took a history course this term.didn’t you?What can you say about it?
M：Well,the trouble is that I never get through the weekly r—eadin—g list，though some books are quiteinteresting.
Q：What does the man mean?
C.
assignments，difficulty和book report等，由此可推測對話內容與男士在歷史課上所碰到的問題相關。男士的話是解題的關鍵，需要特別注意。
4.M：I'm taking my girlfriend to the fancy new restaurant for her birthday tonight.
W.1 went there last weekend.I found it rather disappointing.
Q：What does the woman mean?
A.
5.W：Winter is over at last.Wiine to put away my gloves and boots.
M：I've been waiting for this for months.
Q：What does the man mean?
A.
6.M.Look,the curtain is going up slowly and all the lights over the—stage are—lit up.
W：Yeah，the play is staring.Oh，something caught my sleeve.Give me a hand please，Bob.
Q：Where are the speakers now?
D.
7.W：You only have water to serve your guests?
M：This isn't just plain water.This is mineral water.this is mineral water from Tibet.
Q：What does the man imply?
B.
8.W：When do you have time to discuss our environmental report?I think we will have to make somerevisions.
M：I'll be free at 3 0'clock this afternoon.But what exactly needs to be changed?
Q：What are the speakers going to do this afternoon?
D.
W：Why is it important to recycle?
M：There are many reasons.Recycling is one way to keep waste out of landfills.Landfills are places to dump waste.(9)But they areunpopular,because they can pollute the soil used to cover them and that's bad for people who may build new homes there.Recycling also reuses valuable raw materials，such as aluminum and paper.Finally，recycling Can leave a lower garbage bill. Recycling lowers the amount of waste put into landfills，therefore，less money is spent for garbage disposal.
W：How has recycling changed over the years?
M：(10)Ten ortwenty years ago,you could buy milk in returnable,refillable glass bottles,and many people—recycled voluntarily. Now you buy milk and other products in plastic bottles or paper containers.Because of the high cost of disposing of these things in landfills，many city governments now have recycling programs.
W：How does recycling help the environment?
M：(11)Recycling helps the environment mainly by saving energy.For example，it takes 95 percent less energy to produce recycled aluminum than to produce new aluminum.
W：Can one person really make a difference?If only a few people recycle，then what’S the point?
M：If not you，then who?(12)1f we combine our efforts,we can make a difference.Each of us contributes to the waste problem.All the millions of tons of waste that go into landfills started as 32l old pair of slippers， a broken TV set.or a used magazine that came from somebody’S house--maybe yours !
9.Why are landfills unpopular according to the man?
A.
10.What does the man say has contributed to the increasing amount of waste over the years?
B.
11.According to the man，how does recycling help the environment?
A.
12.Why does the man say everybody should make ail effort to recycle?
B.
W :l3)Could you please give me information on airfares from Miami to Bellingham,Washington?(14)We.'d 1iketobuysomehow good flight as cheaply as possible.
M：Let，s see.1 want to advise you to Pay the nonnal one—way economy class fare of$555.(15)1f youcan fly OnaTuesdaorWednesdayand buy your tickets at least 2 1 days in advance,I suggest you book a roundtripexcursionflight.
W：But we may not need the return tickets.
M：That，s all right.Even if you don’t use them，you should be able to save$89 0ver the one’way fare. (15)Of course.I'd recommend early booking.You ought to try to reserve the“Super Saver”seats.Thereare only a few of them and they are 50%cheaper than the others.
W：That sounds like a good idea.
M：Wait，to save another hllndred dollars or s0，why don’t you book a flight to Vancouver，Canada?
W：But that’S farther than where we want to 90.
M：I know，but you can take a bus from Vancouver back to Bellingham and still save money.And if you are trayellin9with children，you might be able to get a discount if you fly economy class.But they don’t getany discount.(15)But to take the advantage of the airline's guarantee fare policy,you'd have to make reservations and pay for your tickets at least 6 weeks in advance.Try and begin the search forable seats..
W：N0，thank you.
M：Excuse me?
W.I may Pall VOU back if we don’t decide to drive.
13.Where is the woman planning to go?
C)。
14.What is the woman’S purpose in calling the man?
C)。
15.What does the man advise the woman to do?
D.
What makes a Derson famous?This is a mystery that many people have carefully thought about.All kindsof myths surround the lives of well—known people.Most people are familiar with the works of WilliamShakespeare，one of the greatest EngUsh writers of the l6th and l7th centuries.(16)Yet how many knowShakespearetheperson,the man behind the works?After centuries of research,scholars are still trying to.discover Shakespeare's personal history.It is not easily found in his writings. Authors of the time could not protect their works.An acting company，for example，could change a play if they wanted t0.Nowadays，writers have copyrights that protect their work.
Many myths arose about Shakespeare.Some said he had no formal educationOthers believe that hebegan his career by tending the horses of wealthy men.All of these myths are interesting，but are they time?Probably not.(17)Shakespeare's father was a respected man in Stratford-on-Avon,a member of the town.council.He sent young William to grammar sch001.Most people of Elizabethan times did not continue beyondgrammar school;s0，Shakespeare did have，at least，an average education.(18)Some parts of Shakespeare's1ifewillalwaysremainunknown.The Great London Fire of l666 burned many important documents that couldhave been a source of clues.We will always be left with many questions and few facts.
16.What does the speaker say about William Shakespeare?
D.
17.What do we learn about Shakespeare’S father?
C.
聽錄音時應注意將選項和短文內容進行匹配區別。短文中提到莎士比亞的父親受人尊敬，是埃文河畔斯特拉特福鎮議會的一名成員。故C)為答案。
18.Why does the speaker say parts of Shakespeare’s life will remain a mystery?
B.
Almost everyone suffers from a headache occasionally.But some people suffer from repeated，frequentheadaches.(19)A—headache is important because it can be the first warning of a serious condition that couldprobablv be controlled if discovered early.If a person removes the warnin9，day after day，、Ⅳ1th a painkiller，he or she may pass the point of easy contr01.The professional nalne for covering up a symptom is“maskin9
(20)Aheadaches pecia1ist0nce—said,"Masking symptoms is not the best way of treatment.Sometimes it iswiser to stand still than to advance in darkness.”A headache often interferes needlessly with normal，happylivin9.The employee with a headache does less work.In a flash of temper he or she may upset fellow workersor customers.causing a direct or indirect loss to the organization.The motherwith a headache suffers and
disturbs the family.She upsets her husband and children.Rest，quiet，and flesh air stop many commonheadaches.(21)Lying down and possibly falling asleep may help.One can often handle tension headaches byrubbing and pressing back neck muscles.Heat from an electric pad or a warnl bath can also help.Becausehunger may be overlooked as a headache source，one must make a habit of regular meals.If a meal must bepostponed for more than all hour，a snack helps to avoid a hunger headache.
19.Why does the speaker say a headache is important?
C.
20.What do specialists suggest we do with headaches?
D.
21.What does the speaker say helps relieve the symptoms of common headaches?
A.
( 25)1f your paycheck seems to be disappearing into thin air,you may be stuck in money traps.But don'tdespair.Most people can get unstuck without going bankrupt.(22)The biggest budget mistake is no budget ata11.As one reader put it.we just put all the bills in a pile，and try to decide which to Pay.As she and othershave learned，however，the money usually runs out before the bills d0.The same problem plagues many whodo have budget.In letter after letter we read，“It looks good on paper，but it never seems to work.”Why not?Often because the budgets are unrealistic.The solution：Make a detailed record of where all your money goesnow：then study it carefully.Look for expenses that can be cut back.(23)And don't give up in the face of highfixed expenses.Many of these can be reduced too. In fact，it’s often easier to save on essentials than onenjoyable extras.(24)1f housing takes more than 25 percent of your income,for example,consider moving toa cheaper place.or renting out an extra room.If utility bills are high，get the whole family involved in aconservation plan. Some bills can be eliminated altogether. When one mother realized that cable TV wascosting her$500 a year.she decided that network TV wasn’t so bad.If you question every expense，you Can
find a few that can be reduced.
初步判斷短文與財務問題相關，由第22題的四個選項可以了解到短文以家庭財務困境開篇，而接下來第24題各選項給出了一些建議，由此可知文章針對開篇所提到的財務困難給出了解決方案。
22.what does the speaker say is the biggest budget mistake?
B.
23.What does the speaker say about the SO-called fixed expenses?
A.
24.What does the speaker suggest people do to save housing expenses?
D.
25.What is mainly discussed in the talk?
C.
26.particular。
27.automatically。
28.drag。
29.demanding。
30.satisfaction。
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Part III Reading Comprehension
在世界上許多地方，工作和睡覺之余，看電視是最常見的日常活動，這是令我們感到愧疚的娛樂活動。美國人每天看5個小時的電視，并且盡管我們知道花這么多時間(36)消極地坐著會導致肥胖癥和其他疾病，研究者們現在已經對長時間看電視的(37)危害得出了量化結果。
通過分析8個(38)先前發布的大型研究數據，一個哈佛大學領導的小組在《美國醫學協會期刊》上報告稱，每天花兩個小時(39)頻繁更換電視頻道，八年半內患Ⅱ型糖尿病的風險增加了20%，(40)十年內患心臟病的風險增加了l5%，而且一項為期七年的跟蹤調查發現過早死亡的幾率(41上升了13%。所有上述(42)結果都與缺乏體育鍛煉有關。不過，與其他久坐不動的行為比起來，比如織毛衣，看電視可能在促成不健康的習慣方面尤其
(43)有效原因之一是我們花在看電視上的時間遠超過我們花在任何其他事情上的時間。另外，其他研究表明，觀看啤酒和爆米花的廣告使人更有可能(44)食用它們。
即便如此，作者們承認他們沒有比較不同的久坐不動的活動以(45)確定看電視是否有更高的風險患糖尿病、心臟病或過早死亡，比如與讀書相比。
名詞：C)decade十年;
G)outcomes結果;
L)surfing頻繁更換;瀏覽互聯網;
M)term術語;學期;
N)terminals航空站，終點站
動詞：A)climbed上升，攀爬;
B)consume吃，喝，消耗;
D)determine確定，決定;
J)resume重新開始;
K)suffered受折磨，遭受;
L)surfing頻繁更換;瀏覽互聯網;
M)term把……叫作;
0)twisting使彎曲，歪曲
形容詞：E)effective有效的;
F)harmful有害的
副詞：H)passively消極地;
I)previously先前
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
短文評分軟件給教授減壓
A)設想參加一次大學考試，做完試題后不是上交考卷并在幾個星期后拿到教授的評分，而是點擊“發送’’按鈕并立即收到一個分數——一個由軟件程序對你短文的評分。然后，設想考試不是就此結束，而是系統立即讓你重新答題以取得更好的成績。
B)EDX——由哈佛大學和麻省理工學院共同成立的提供在線課程的非營利性組織——已經引入了這樣一個系統，并將在網上推出免費的自動化軟件供任何想要使用的機構使用。(47)該軟件利用人工智能對學生的短文和簡答題進行評分，從而將教授們解放出來以開展其他工作。
C)這一新的服務將會使教育聯盟陷入有關自動化在教育中所扮演角色的更激烈的爭論。(49)雖然現在針對選擇題和判斷正誤題的自動評分系統已經非常普遍，但利用人工智能技術對短文進行評分尚未得到教育工作者的廣泛認可，而且批評聲也很多。
D)EDX總裁兼電子工程師阿南特阿加瓦爾預測說，即時評分軟件將會是一個有益的教學工具，可以讓學生反復測試和寫作，并提高答案的質量。他表示，相比于傳統的課堂系統——學生通常要等數天乃至數周才能拿到分數，該技術有著明顯的優勢。(55)“學習中即時反饋有著巨大價值，”阿加瓦爾博士說，“學生們告訴我們說有了即時反饋，他們學得更好。”
E)但懷疑人士表示，自動化系統比不上活生生的老師。萊斯佩雷爾曼就是一位長期的批評者，并曾多次引起全國關注，原因是他將文理不通的短文組合在一起，而軟件評分程序不明就里，給出了很高的分數。(50)此外，對于有關軟件評分優于人力評分的研究，他也持強烈的批評態度。
F)(46)從上個月起，由教育工作者組成的一個團體開始散發反對自動化評估軟件的請愿書，而他就是其中的參與者之一。該團體自稱是“反對重要測試中使用機器對學生作文進行評分的專業人士”，現已收集到了近2，000個簽名，其中也包括一些知名人士，如諾姆喬姆斯基等。
G)“讓我們面對自動化短文評分的事實，”該團體聲明中有部分寫道，“計算機不能‘閱讀’。(52)它們無法衡量有效書面表達的基本要素：準確性、邏輯、充足的論據、完整的意義、倫理立場、令人信服的論證、有意義的結構和清晰性等等。”
H)但EDX期望它的軟件能夠為學校和大學廣泛采用。EDX提供哈佛大學、麻省理工學院和加州大學伯克利分校的免費在線課程;今年秋天，它還將增加衛爾斯利學院、喬治城大學和得克薩斯大學的課程。總計有12所大學參與EDX，它提供結業證書，并表示計劃在明年繼續擴大規模，包括增加國際學校。
I)EDX評估工具需要實實在在的老師或評分者首先評判100份短文或問答題。然后，該系統利用多種機器學習技術進行自我培訓，以便以一種近乎即時的方式對眾多短文或答案進行自動評分。該軟件會基于老師所創建的評分系統給予一個分數，可能是字母等級，也可能是數字分數。
J)EDX并不是最先使用自動化評估技術的機構，這種技術可追溯到20世紀60年代的早期計算機。目前，一系列公司已經推出了書面閱卷的商用程序，而且四個州——路易斯安那、北達科他、猶他和西弗吉尼亞——已經在中學使用該技術的某種形式。第五個州——印第安納州已經開始試行。(54)在某些情況下，該軟件充當了“第二閱卷者”的角色，用來檢驗人工評分的可靠性。
K)但是，EDX集團設定標準的影響力的上升可能會推進這一技術的應用。周二，斯坦福大學宣布它將會與EDX合作開發一個聯合教育系統，并將利用自動化評估技術。
L)此外，近期成立的Coursera和Udacity是斯坦福大學教職人員為創建“大型公開在線課程”(MOOCs)而成立的兩家新興機構，鑒于即時反饋的價值，它們也承諾采用自動化評估系統。“它會對學生的功課做出即時反饋，這樣一來，學習就會變成一種游戲，自然而然地吸引學生反復提交作業，直到正確為止，”計算機科學家、Coursera公司創始人達芙妮科勒說。
M)(48)去年，休利特基金會——由惠普公司創始人之一及其妻子成立的捐贈型組織——贊助了兩個l0萬美元的獎項，旨在對短文和簡答題評分軟件進行改進。每個獎項的參賽團隊都超過了150個。此次休利特競賽之一的獲勝者維克帕魯丘里被EdX聘去幫助設計評估軟件。
N)“我們的關注點之一是幫助孩子們學會批判性思考，”休利特基金會項目官員維克多.維奇克說。“選擇題測試不可能達到那種效果。挑戰在于，這需要人力評分，所以成本更大，而且耗費時間也更長。”
O)俄亥俄州阿克倫大學教授馬克D.舍米斯是休利特基金會短文自動評分競賽的監督者，而且還就這次試驗寫過一篇論文。在他看來，這一技術雖然并不完美，但在教育環境中還是占有一席之地的。
P)(53)他說，隨著班級規模的不斷擴大，大多數老師都不太可能就學生的作文給出有意義的反饋。另外，他還指出，關于該技術的批評者多來自全美頂尖大學，那里的教學水平要比大多數學校高得多。
Q)“他們通常都來自非常著名的機構，事實上，他們給出的反饋的確優于機器的反饋，”舍米斯博士說。(51)“但是他們似乎缺乏對現實世界中真實情況的了解。”
46.
Some professionals in education arecollecting signatures to voice theiropposition to automated essay grading.
F)He iS anlong a group of educators who last monthbegan circulating a petition (呼吁) opposing automated assessment software.The group，whichcalls itseff Professionals Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays in High—Stakes Assessment，hascollected nearly 2，000 signatures，including some from famous people like Noanl Chomsky.
47.Using software to grade students’essays saves teachers time for other work.
B)EDX.the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of TechnologY(MIT)to offer courses on the Internet.has just introduced such a system and will make its automated(自動的)software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers,freeing professors for other tasks
48.The Hewlett contests aim at improving essay grading software.
M)Last year the Hewlett Foundation，a grant—making organization set up by one of the Hewlett—Packard founders and his wife. sponsored two $100.000 prizes aimed at improving software that grades essays and short answers.More than 150 teams entered each category.A winner of one of the Hewlett contests，Vik Paruchuri，was hired by EDX to help design its assessment software.
49.Though the automated grading system is widely used in multiple—choice tests automated essay grading is still criticized by many educators.
C)The new service will bring the educational consortium(聯盟)into a growing conflict over the role of automation in education.Although automated grading systems for multiple..choice and true—false tests are now widespread，the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answer.Hasnotyet received widespread acceptance by educators and has many critics.
50.Some people don’t befieve the software grading system can do as good a job as human graders.
E)But skeptics(懷疑者)say the automated system is no match for live teachers. One longtime critic，Les Perelman，has drawn national attention several timesfor putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks.He hasalso beenhighly critical of studies claiming that thesoftwarec0mpareswellto human graders.
51.Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in less famous universities.
Q)“Often they come from very famous institutions where， in fact，they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine ever could，”Dr.Shermissaid."Thereseemst0bealack0fappreciation ofWhatisactuallygoing oninthe real world".
52.Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot be measured by computer rating programs.
G)“Let’S face the realities of automatic essay scorin9，”the group’S statement reads in part.“Computers cannot ‘read’They cannot measure the essentials o effectivewrittenc0mmnicati0n;accuracy, reas0，ningade quacy of evidence,good sense,ethical (倫理的)position，convincing argument，meaningfulorganization,and clarityamong others.".
53.As class size grows，most teachers are unable to give students valuable comments as to how to improve their writin9.
P)Withincreasingly large classes,it is impossible for m0stteachersto9ivestudents meaningful feedbackonwriting assignments,he said.Plus，he noted，critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation’S best universities，where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools.
54.The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of human graders.
J)EDX is not the first to use the automated assessnlent technology，which dates to early computers in the l960s. There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers.and four states Louisiana，North Dakota，Utah and West Virginia--are using some form of the technology in secondary schools. A fifth。Indiana.has experimented with it.In some cases the software is used as a"second reader,"to checkthe reliability of the human graders.
55.Students find instant feedback helps improve their learning considerably.
D)Anant Agarwal，an electrical engineer who is president of EDX. predicted that the instant—grading software would be a useful teaching tool，enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers.He said the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom systern.where students often wait days or weeks for grades. “There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback，”Dr.Agarwal said.“Students are telling as they learn much better with instant feedback.”
(56)關于“工作-生活平衡”的無休止的爭論經常包括一個給人希望的注釋，那就是全職父親。如果美國社會和企業不會給那些決定當媽媽的未來女性領導者更多方便的話，仍然能夠帶來一絲希望的是越來越多的全職父親會給她們更多便利。(57)但是基于現在的社會經濟趨勢，不幸的是，這種希望是被誤導的。
(57)近十年里放棄工作成為全職父親的人數翻倍的確是事實，但是這個數字仍然很小：已婚家庭中只有0.8%的全職父親能夠堅持離開工作崗位長達一年時間。甚至這個比率中還包含著因為企業精簡裁員而不得不退居家庭的男士。要減少社會污名，這個群體根本不夠大，而且需要迫使做出其他必要的調整來支持男性做出這個決定，即使是在相對短的時間內。
對于上班族父親而言，即使是更短一點時間不工作都是困難的。一項研究發現85%的新生兒父親會在孩子剛出生之后休息一段時間——但總共僅僅幾天，最多一至兩個星期。同時，產后的女性平均會休息十周以上的時間：
(58)這樣的選擇會影響到那些在組織中希望晉升的人。當你離開的時候，其他人會承擔你的工作，替你完成銷售，照顧你的客戶。這些并不能有助于你的工作。這只能傷害你。當然，女性在很長時間的脫崗之后回崗會面臨相同的問題。(59)但是，由于相比男性，會有更多的女性選擇完全離職來照顧家庭，所以休完延長的產假之后墮歸工作的女性所引起的驚訝并不會多于男性。
如果女性員工離開工作而不切斷自己的職業軌跡的話，或者高薪職業更有利于家庭生活，她們會得到更多。(60)在可以預見的未來，全職父親可能會給個體家庭帶來改變，但是他們的存在并不能減少那些在工作和家庭之間被迫做選擇的很有潛力的女性的數量。
56.B.
57.C.
58.A.
59.B.
轉述，故答案為B.
60.D).
debate[dl’belt]n.爭論
double[’dAb01]v.翻倍
decade[1dekeld]n.十年
percentage[p0’sentId]n.百分比
downsizing[’daonsalzio]n.裁員
absence[bssns]n.不在，缺席
profession[pr0feJ'an]n.職業，行業
foreseeable adj.可以預見的
parental leave產假
raise eyebrows揚起眉毛(表示驚訝或反對)
世界上一些最重要的問題從來沒有上過新聞頭條。農業就是一個例子，(61)因食物引發的動亂和饑餓是大新聞。但是這些事情背后的發展趨勢卻很少被提及，即一些世界主要農作物產量增長速度減緩。明尼蘇達大學和蒙特利爾的麥吉爾大學開展的一項新研究調查了這種減緩發生的區域和程度。
研究者采集了水稻、小麥、玉米和大豆這四種最重要的農作物的大量數據。他們發現，在所有被開墾的土地中.24%到39%的土地在20世紀80年代之前產量增加，而在20世紀90年代和21世紀初產量下降。
此次減緩有兩個令人擔心的特點。(62)一個是在印度和中國這兩個世界人口最多的國家產量增速下降得尤其劇烈。它們養活自己的能力是保證兩國內和世界糧食市場相對穩定的重要來源。如果增速持續減緩或者嚴量下降，這種自給自足不能被看作是理所應當的。
第二，小麥和水稻產量的增速比玉米和大豆的增速更緩慢。這一點很棘手，因為小麥和水稻是更重要的糧食作物，約占人們所消耗卡路里總數的一半。玉米和大豆更重要的是作為喂養飼料。(63)研究者們指出，“我們偏向專注于提高喂養動物和為汽車提供能源的農作物的產量，而不是能養活人類、作為世界大部分地區食物保障基礎的作物。”(64)該報告對另外一篇新論文更樂觀的發現做了修正。這篇新論文提出，正如聯合國糧食農業組織所認為的，為了養活到2060年的90億人口，人們不需要再開墾更多的土地來耕種。
相反，它認為，由于人口增速的減緩，當前被開墾的農田也許能夠退耕還林。這是有可能的。(65)問題在于該預測假定糧食產號會持續增長.而這未必會發生。
61.C.
62.A.
63.D.
64.D.
65.B.
yield
aSSUme
stability
take…for granted認為……是理所當然的
reVerSe
account for占(比例]
Part IV Translation
It ls reported that courier services in China will deriver about l2 billion parcels this year，which makes it
possible for China to overtake the United States and become the largest market for courier services in the
world Most of the parcels contain items purchased online. China offers millions of online retailers
opportunities to sell their products at significantly competitive prices.Chinese consumers bought$9 billion
worth of commodities from the nation’S largest shopping platform just on the day of 11th November.Since
there are many such special shopping days in China，it is no wonder that China’s courier services have
expanded.
1.第一句中，“據報道”譯為It is reported that…。“120億”譯為l2 billion，這里應注意英文中的數字與漢語中的數字表達的差異。“包裹”可以用parcel或package等詞來表達。
2.在翻譯第二句時，由于該句與第一句關系密切，故可以將該句處理為一個由which引導的非限制性定語從句。“使……有可能”采用make it possible for sb.to do sth.句式，其中it是形式賓語，for sb.to do sth.是直_F賓語。也可以將該句單獨譯為China could overtake the United States to become the world，s largest eXDressdelivery market.
3.第三句中，“裝著”可譯為contain，be filled with或be舢of。‘‘網上訂購的物品，，譯為items purchased/ ordered online，英語中過去分詞短語作定語修飾名詞時后置。
4.第四句中，“給……零售商……的機會”譯法較多，可以用0ffer sb.sth.或provide sth.to sb.，即譯為China provides opportunities to millions of online retailers to sell goods at significantly competitive prices.
5.在翻譯第五句時，應注意英文中習慣將時間狀語放在句尾，因此需要調整語序。如果為了強調，也可以置于句首。“從國內最大的購物平臺購買了價值90億美元的商品”也可以意譯為spent$9 billion on the largest shopping platform of the nation。
6.第六句和第七句是明顯的因果關系，因此可以利用連詞since將兩句合并為一句。第六句中“有，，的含義是“存在，而不是”擁有”，因此本句最好用there be句型。
7.第七句也可以獨立成句，用therefore或thus等與上文銜接。第七句中‘‘不足為奇”可譯為It/There is nowonde。that…，其中that引導的從句是真正主語。也可以保持原句語序，譯為The e即ansion of China，s express industry is not surprising at all.
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