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2024年12月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練題
在平時的學習、工作中，我們都不可避免地要接觸到練習題，做習題在我們的學習中占有非常重要的位置，對掌握知識、培養能力和檢驗學習的效果都是非常必要的，還在為找參考習題而苦惱嗎？以下是小編精心整理的2024年12月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練題，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。
12月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練題 1
Questions 46-55 are based on the following passage.
A)Last July, Julie Baldocchis mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had tobecome a family caregiver, something that she wasnt prepared for. "I was flying by the seat of my pants," saysBaldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her fathercouldnt handle her mothers care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchiwasnt willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents home created other problems. Baldocchi,48, ismarried and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems thatmake it difficult for her to lift her mother. "I couldnt do it all," she says. "But I didnt even know how to findhelp."
B)With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. "But even if you planintellectually and legally, youre never ready for the emotional impact," Baldocchi says. In the first two monthsafter her mothers stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans providefamily caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP.An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared.
C)While many parents lack an advance care directive, its the most basic and important step they can take. Thedirective includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority tomake financial decisions on anothers behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney,except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlinesinstructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificialmeasures.) "Its invaluable for the kids, because its hard to make those decisions for a parent," says JenniferCona, an elder-law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive isthe first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family CaregiverAlliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have topetition the court to be appointed the parents legal guardian, says AgingCare.com.
D)Its important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents preferences,wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But ifs not an easy conversation. Elderlyparents are sometimes suspicious of their childrens financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner atFinancial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed anintermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisionscan become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attomey inGlen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-lawattorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said itwill offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Oenworth.
E)Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesnt pay forlong-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was$77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaidto pay for the nursing home.
F)Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. Butthe facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance withactivities. Still, its not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assistedliving isnt covered by Medicaid.
G)If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according toAARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move theminto an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent canstay there. For example, Baldoechi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.
H) Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parents finances, while anothersibling will take the parent to doctors appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on asignificant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mothers home in Leesburg, Fla. After hermother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasnt able to get around as well. Walker,55, has three brothers. But she isthe only daughter, is divorced and has no children. "I always knew that this was the role that I would have, andI guess my mind was prepared for it," says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home asa tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. "When you get into the trenches, its literally baptismby fire," she says. "New things come up. Its not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. Itseverything," she says.
I) Carcgivers need to also watch their own health. "There is such a thing as caregiver burnout," Cona says.Among female caregivers 50 and older,20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study onworking caregivers by MetLife. "Its a hard job," Walker says. "But most worthwhile things are hard. She wasalways there for me when I needed a helping hand. Its only natural that I be here for her now."
根據以上內容，回答46-55題。
46、When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, their children can change their home instead of sending them to an adult care facility.
47、To talk about long-term care is not easy because sometimes aged parents are suspicious of their childrens financial motives.
48、Besides advance planning for finances or medical care, family caregivers take over many other responsibilities.
49、The difference between a durable power of attorney and a health care proxy is that the latter allows someone tomake decisions regarding medical treatment.
50、Baldocehi did not want to send her mother to a nursing home, but she had difficulty taking care of her.
51、Over 42 million caregivers helped an adult with everyday activities in the USA in 2009.
52、If a family needs information or help to sort out disagreements, there are many people they can call on.
53、Caregivers should pay attention to their own health, or they may bum out or.become depressed.
54、One will have to petition the court to be the parents legal guardian, if there is no advance directive.
55、The national median cost of assisted living in 2011 was $39,135 and it is not covered by Medicaid.
答案解析：
46-55 GDHCABDICF
12月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練題 2
Choose the best answer.
To save time, many Americans buy foods which can be quickly made ready for the table. On holidays, families enjoy delicious meals. For example, on Thanksgiving Day, the fourth Thursday in November, family members get together for a turkey dinner with pumpkin pie（南瓜派）.
The United States is known around the world for its fast food, such as hamburgers, sandwiches, pizzas, salad bars, and many kinds of ice cream. People can easily find fast food chains（連鎖店）,such as McDonalds’ and KFC, in most of the big cities in the world.
These years, many people have taken more and more care of their health while eating. They come to know eating too much meat will make them overweight. Many of them are also worried about food addictives（添加劑）. Some of them may be harmful to the body.
1. Many Americans buy _______ to save time.
A. ready-made food B. food to cook at home
C. inexpensive food D. foreign food
2. Thanksgiving Day is on _________.
A. November 4th B. Every the 4thTuesday in November
C. the fourth Thursday in November D. Every November the fourth
3. Pizza is a kind of __________ food.
A. take-away B. home-cooking C. fast D. Chinese
4. What does the word ‘overweight’ mean? It means______________
A. thinner B. fatter C. worse D. better
5. People are worried about_________. Which is not true?
A. overweight B. their health C. food addictives D. fast food
【試題答案】
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D
12月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練題 3
The big red American car was much too wide for an English country road. When Jack saw it coming toward him, he stopped his own car at the side if the road to make room for it to past. The American car went slowly past, so close that he could see the driver’s face quite clearly. "Where have I seen that face before ?" he thought, “Wait a minute! I remember now. It was in the newspaper!" He took out the newspaper from his bag, turned quickly to the middle page. There was a picture of the face in it. Yes, it bad a large mouth and small ears, and his eyes were behind dark glasses.
"Wanted by the police," read by Jack. “The City Bank will give a lot of money to anyone who helps the police to catch this man. "
"Call the police at once," he said to himself. But a few minutes later, he was sad. "This man was caught this morning," answered the police.
1. In which country did the story happen?
A. It happened in America.
B. It happened in Australia. .
C. It happened in England.
D. The story didnt tell us.
2. Why did Jack stop his car?
A. He wanted to see who the driver was.
B. He didnt want to pass by first.
C. The road was too narrow for the two cars to pass at the same time.
D. Because it was good for an Englishman to stop to let other go.
3. Who was wanted by the police in this passage?
A. Jack.
B. The driver in the American car.
C. Either Jack or the driver.
D. Neither Jack nor the American driver.
4. what did Jack do when he had read the newspaper again?
A. He drove to the City Bank
B. He drove to the police.
C. He made a telephone call.
D. He stopped the American car.
5. Who caught the man with a large mouth and small ears?
A. The police. B. Jack
C. Nobody. D. The American driver
KEY: 1. C 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A
12月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練題 4
閱讀理解
There are many online food shopping sites(網址). This is very surprising. Things like CDs， MP3， magazines and DVDs sell well online. But it is quite different to sell food online because people like to see food with their own eyes. It is very important for people to buy fresh fruit and vegetables. People like to choose their food by its color. They also want to feel and smell it. But some people like to go to the same shop to buy food， because they think the food there are very good. So if the food is always good， they may also feel comfortable(舒適的) buying it online.
Boxes of fruit and vegetables have been delivered(運送) to homes around Britain for a few years now. Dried or canned(罐裝的) foods are almost always the same， but things like apples are not. People may want to choose their own apples so they can take the ones that aren’t bruised(碰傷)or the ones that look nice. Buy dried and canned food online is easier. A person can buy this kind of food on the Internet and then buy fruits and vegetables at a store or a market.
Now people can also buy food through supermarket websites. There people can find most of the things that supermarkets usually sell. Other food websites sell different types of food. Some sell food from one part of the world， such as Asia and Africa. Others sell food that is hard to find in supermarkets. There are also websites that sell foods， such as cakes and candies.
The food is usually delivered by the next day or even on the same day. People still need to be careful， though. They must check to see if the food is fresh when they get it. It is a good idea for people to find out how far away the food is being sent from. It is also a problem if the company does not use refrigeration(冷藏)when they deliver food that should be kept cold. If traveling a long way in summer to deliver the goods(貨物)， this is important.
1.What does the writer think of the food shopping sites today?
A.Interesting.B.Surprising.C.Perfect.D.Expensive.
2.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A.Fresh fruit and vegetables aren’t easier to sell than books online.
B.There is difference between shopping online and shopping in stores.
C.The foods bought online are always better than those in the supermarket.
D.People like to buy dried food more than choose fruit on the Internet.
3.What does the third paragraph(段)mainly tell us?
A.It tells us there are many websites on the Internet.
B.It introduces several types of food websites to us.
C.It tells us how to keep food from the websites cold.
D.It teaches us what to do after we get food online.
4.What advice does the writer give us in the last paragraph?
A.It is necessary to check the food when it is brought to your home.
B.Shopping food online should be under control of our governments.
C.Shopping online will have a much better future.
D.The writer suggests that food companies should improve their services.
解析：
1. B 解析：本題從第一段第一行便可得到答案
2. C 解析：又是一道判斷正誤的題目，還是要每句從文中找依據，逐一排除，可以得出C是錯誤選項。第一段中第五行還提到，有些人網上買的食物質量也很好，所以他們才會選擇在網上買食物。但是沒有說網上買的食物比商店里賣的更好。
3. B 解析：本題是主旨題。解答這類題目主要是要找到關鍵詞。從第一句可以得出本句的關鍵在于food 和website。四個選項中這兩個要素都包括的只有B。
4. A 解析：本題問的是，最后一段作者給出的advice。從最后一段第二句可以得到答案。在解答英語的閱讀題時，為了保證正確率，最好能用排除法將選項的'逐一排除掉。B，C選項文中并沒有提到。D選項，最后一段指提到如果在夏天運送一些食物，應該用冰箱冷藏，作者只說這很重要，并沒有提到公司應該提高服務。
(本篇典型的‘嚇唬人’型閱讀，看過去文章長度比較長，詞量又多，但是問題都不難，不需要特別深入的挖掘。對付這一類閱讀題的方法：
1.保持鎮靜，不要被篇幅嚇倒。
2.在閱讀過程中將每段中心句劃出，這樣就很容易可以了解文章的意圖。這是做說明文類的文章的技巧。
3.注意解題方法。排除法，及第三題中提到的關鍵字都非常好用。
4.注意每個正確選項都應該是從文中找的到依據的。說明類的文章比較客觀，要注意，要從文中找到判斷依據)
以上是為大家分享的英語閱讀理解專項練習，希望大家能夠認真閱讀并答題！
12月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練題 5
I take the firm position that parents do not owe their children a college education. If they can afford it, they can certainly send them to the best universities. But they must not feel guilty if they cant. If the children really want to go, theyll find a way. There are plenty of loans (貨款)and scholarships for the bright and eager ones who cant afford to pay.
When children grow up and want to get married, their parents do not owe them a down payment on a house. They do not have the duty to baby-sit their grandchildren. If they want to do it, it must be considered a favor not an obligation.
Do parents owe their children anything? Yes, they owe them a great deal.
One of their obligations is to give their children a personal worth. A child who is constantly made to feel stupid and unworthy, constantly compared with brighter brothers, sisters, or cousins will become so unsure, so afraid of failing that he (or she) wont try at all. Of course they should be properly corrected when they do wrong, but its often better to let children learn their mistake by themselves in time. All our parents should do is to trust them, respect them, tolerate(寬容) them and give them chances to try and fail. They must learn to stand failure. When criticisms(批評) are really needed, they should be balanced with a smile and a kiss. That is the way children learn.
Parents owe their children a set of solid values around which to build their lives. This means teaching them to respect the rights and opinions of others; it means being respectful to elders, to teachers, and to the law. The best way to teach such values is by deed. A child who is lied to will lie. A child who sees no laughter and no love in the home will have difficulty laughing and loving.
No child asks to be born, If you bring a life into the world, you owe the child something.
9. According to the author, ________.
A. parents must support their children even after they married as a duty.
B. if they dont afford, parents should take loans to send their children to go to college.
C. parents neednt feel guilty if they are unable to send them to university.
D. parents should give their children a down payment on a house.
10. The author mainly talks about in this massage________.
A. the duties of the parents
B. the best way to teach their children.
C. the reason why children feel stupid and unworthy.
D. why parents owe their children something.
11. What does the underlined word “obligation” mean in the second paragraph?
A. duty B. debt C. right D. blame
12. According to the author what should parents do when children make mistakes?
A. criticize and correct them immediately.
B. let children learn their mistake by themselves in time.
C. tolerate them and tell them not to do that again.
D. compare them with brighter brothers, sisters.
答案與解析：
9. C 推理判斷題。根據第1段第 2 句 If they can afford it, they can certainly send them to the best universities. But they must not feel guilty if they cant 可知如果父母能送孩子上大學，他們當然送孩子上最好的大學，如果不能，他們也不必有負罪感。因此可推知答案 C。
10. A 主旨大意題。文章前兩段說父母沒有送孩子大學教育的義務、沒有支付房子定金的.義務，也沒有看孫子的義務。然后第3、4段闡述父母應盡的責任和義務。因此可推斷本文主要談論的是父母的義務。故答案為A。
11. A 猜測詞義。根據第2段第 2 句 They do not have the duty to baby-sit their grandchildren 可知父母沒有責任照顧孫子。因此可知下句 If they want to do it, it must be considered a favor not an obligation 如果他們想照顧孫子，要把它看成是恩惠而不是義務。故答案為 A。
12. B 事實細節題。根據第4段中的 Of course they should be properly corrected when they do wrong, but its often better to let children learn their mistake by themselves in time 可知答案為 B。
12月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練題 6
In order to learn to be ones true self, it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge of what has been said and done in the world; critically to inquire into it; carefully to consider it; clearly to analyze it; and earnestly to carry it out.
It matters not what you learn, but when you once learn a thing, you must never give it up until you have mastered it. It matters not what you inquire into, but when you once inquire into a thing, you must never give it up until you have thoroughly understood it. It matters not what you try to think of, but when you once try to think of a thing, you must never give it up until you have got what you want. It matters not what you try to carry out, but when you once try to carry out a thing, you must never give it up until you have done it thoroughly and well.
If another man succeeds by one effort, you will use a hundred efforts. If another man succeeds by ten efforts, you will use a thousand.
1. According to the author, first of all one must______.
A. analyze B. inquire C. obtain D. act
2. When you try to do something, what matters is _______.
A. not to care too much about it B. to act immediately
C. to think carefully before you do it D. to carry it through to the end
3. According to the author, anther mans success should ____.
A.encourage us to make greater efforts B. not be taken into consideration
C. make us nervous D. cause one to stop trying
4. the author implies but does not say that__________.
A.the way to knowledge is through specialization
B.one has to know everything to be successful
C.success depends not so much on natural ability as it does on effort
D. success in ones profession is least important in ones life
參考答案：56---59 CDAC
12月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練題 7
A Different Roast Every Day
Alan worked in an office in the city. He worked very hard and really wanted to take a holiday. He usually went to the seaside, but one day he saw an ad(廣告) in a newspaper. " Enjoy country life. Spend a few weeks at Willow Farm. Good food, fresh air, horse riding, walking, fishing. Good prices (價格)."
"This sounds like a good idea," he thought. "Ill spend a month at Willow Farm. Ill enjoy horse riding, walking and fishing. Theyll make a change from sitting by the seaside." Four days later he returned home.
"Whats wrong with Willow Farm?" his friend Jack asked him. " Didnt you enjoy country life?" "Country life was fine," Alan said, "but there was another problem."
"Oh, what?"
"Well, the first day I was there a sheep died, and we had roast mutton (烤羊肉) for dinner." "Fresh meat is the best."
"I know, but on the second day a cow died, and we had roast beef for dinner." "Lucky you!"
"You dont understand," Alan said. "On the third day a pig died and we had roast pork for dinner."
"A different roast every day," Jack said.
" Let me finish," Alan said, " on the fourth day the farmer died and I didnt dare to stay for dinner!"
1. Where did Alan work? He worked ___.
A. on a farm B. at a school
C. in a restaurant D. in an office in a city
2. Where did Alan usually go to spend his holiday?
He usually spent his holiday ___.
A. by the seaside B. in the country
C. in the mountains D. on an island
3. Why did Alan decide to spend his holiday at Willow Farm? Because ___.
A. he lived near there
B. he had a good friend there
C. he thought it would make a change from sitting by the seaside
D. he wanted to enjoy the fresh air in the country
4. How many days did he stay on the farm?
A. A few days. B. A week. C. Three days. D. Four days.
5. What made Alan return so soon?
A. He fell ill.
B. The air there was not fresh.
C. The prices were too high.
D. He was afraid that they would have the dead man for dinner.
Key:1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D
12月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練題 8
China news, Beijing, Feb. 9 – Housing price in China has always aroused heated discussions among property developers and ordinary Chinese. To many property developers and local government officials, housing price in China is still low compared with many developed countries. However, the average housing price in the United States is only 8,000 yuan per square meter, while in China, it is even higher than in the United States. This shows that there are some bubbles(泡沫) in Chinese real estate market, the International Finance News reported.
Although the average price of residential houses in the United States, after converted to Renminbi, is about 8,000 yuan per square meter, the houses in US are not sold in terms of building area, as most Chinese property developers do when they sell their houses. If US property developers sell their houses according to the building area, then the housing price will be even lower than 8,000 yuan per square meter. In most big Chinese cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen, houses are sold at a price even higher than those in the US.
The high housing sales price in large cities in China proves that Chinese real estate market does have some bubbles. Moreover, Chinese houses can not be compared with houses in US in terms of building quality, environment and supporting facilities. Furthermore, it should be noted that American people’s average income is several dozen times higher than that of Chinese people. How can the Chinese afford to buy a house which is even more expensive than that sold in US?
At the beginning of 2007, Chinese government issued a set of policies that aimed to benefit the public. Now in order to reduce the high housing prices, the government can regulate(控制) the real estate market by raising tax on property industry and controlling the release of loans and lands to property developers. At the same time, the government should allow people to build more houses through various fund-raising channels, such as funds collected from buyers or raised by working units. By applying these multiple means, it is expected that the high housing prices can be lowered.
56. What is the average housing price per square meter in China?
A. 8000 yuan B. 10000 yuan C. 7000 yuan D. It’s not mentioned here
57. Which of the following does NOT support the idea that the average housing price in China is even higher than in the United States?
A. Chinese houses can not be compared with houses in US in terms of building quality, environment and supporting facilities.
B. American people’s average income is several dozen times higher than that of Chinese people.
C. The houses in US are not sold in terms of building area, as most Chinese property developers do when they sell their houses.
D. There are more people who need houses in China.
58. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. The housing price in China is so high that the government should do something useful to prevent it.
B. There are some bubbles in Chinese real estate market
C. The average housing price in China is even higher than in the United States
D. Chinese government issued a set of policies that aimed to benefit the public.
59. How many measures are mentioned in the last paragraph in order to reduce the high housing prices?
A. Four B. Three C. Five D. Two
參考答案與解析：
56. D. 文章提到了美國每均每平米的房價，也說到了中國的房價比美國還要高，但并沒說中國的平均房價是多少。
57. D. 文章說到了美國的售房方式、房屋質量、美國的人均收入與中國對比，都說明中國的房價相對于中國的人均收入來說太高了，說明房市存在泡沫。
58. A. 前三段說明了中國的.房價高，房市存在泡沫，后一段作者例舉了政府可以采取的措施來抑制房產泡沫。只有A項點明了這兩個方面的意思。
59. B. 最后一段作者提到了增加稅收、減少對建筑商的貸款和土地征用量、允許人民以多種融資渠道建房，從三個方面進行了列舉。
12月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練題 9
The Artist and the Beggar
An artist was coming home by train one day. He hadn’t much money but was very kind. He gave his last few coins(2) to a beggar, but he saw another one, and forgot that he didn’t have any money in his pockets. He asked the man if he liked to have lunch with him, and the beggar, of course, agreed. So they went into a small restaurant and had a good meal.
In the end, the artist could not pay the bill(3), and the beggar had to do so. The artist felt very sorry for it, so he said to the beggar, “Come home with me in a taxi, my friend. And I’ll give you the money for our lunch."
“Oh, no!" the beggar answered quickly. “I had to pay for your lunch, but Im not going to pay for your taxi home!"
Notes: (1)beggar/`beg/ n.乞丐 (2)coin/kIn/n. 硬幣 (3)bill /bIl/n.帳單
1.What kind of man was the artist?
2.What did he do to the first beggar?
3.What did the artist forget when he invited another beggar to have lunch with him?
4.Who paid for the meal?
5.What did the artist want to do at last?
6.Why didn’t the beggar go home with the artist?
參考答案：
1.The artist is a kind man.
2.He gave his last few coins to the first beggar.
3.He forgot that he had no money then.
4.The beggar paid for the bill.
5.He wanted to return the beggar the money when he got home.
6.Because he wouldn’t pay for the taxi.
12月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練題 10
Millions of women use cosmetics, often called “make-up”. The cosmetics industry is one of the biggest in the world. Most large stores sell cosmetics, and there are always shops at airports selling them cheaply.The word “cosmetics” refers to anything that people put on their faces to make them look better. Lipstick, face powder and cream, and eye make-up are the most popular. Although more women than men use cosmetics, there are cosmetics for men as well as women.
Some people even have cosmetic surgery to make their faces look different. They have the shape of their noses and eyes changed.
The most widely used cosmetic is probably lipstick, as many women who do not wear any other make-up will often put on a little lipstick.
Lipstick is made by mixing together different oils and colors. This mixture is then allowed to get hard and is cut into the shape of a small pencil. When a woman presses the lipstick to her lips, the end of it becomes soft, and some of it sticks to her lips, giving them extra color.
Cosmetics were probably first used in India, but it was the Egyptians, six thousand years ago, who made the most use of them. Rich Egyptian women painted their eyes green and black. They used a red color to paint pretty designs on their fingernails, the palms of their hands and the soles of their feet. Pictures of Cleopatra always show her wearing a lot of make-up.
The Romans also used cosmetics. They liked to make their skin very white and to paint their eyes. They also used a kind of lipstick.
In England at one time, very rich women had baths in milk to make their skin beautiful. They also used a lot of sweet-smelling powder to stop people smelling their bodies, which were often very dirty because they did not wash very often or change their clothes.
At one time, some cosmetics were not safe. They were bad for the skin, and some of the lipsticks and powders that people used were even poisonous. Nowadays, people in the cosmetics industry take great care to make sure that everything they use is completely safe.
5. What does the word “Cosmetics” refer to ________.
A. lipstick B. make-up C. creams D. surgery
6. According to the passage people use cosmetics ________.
A. only at airports
B. only to color their feet
C. to make themselves look better
D. instead of surgery
7. From the passage we know that in earlier times ________.
A. cosmetics were never used in milk baths
B. cosmetics were never used on the eyes
C. cosmetics were never used on the skin
D. sometimes cosmetics were harmful to the skin
8. Which of the following statements is true?
A. In order to make their faces look different some people even have cosmetic surgery.
B. In England, women have baths in milk to make their skin beautiful.
C. Cosmetics were probably first used by the Egyptians six thousand years ago.
D. Not all cosmetics are safe so we should be careful to use them.
答案與解析:
5. B 事實細節題。根據文章首句 Millions of women use cosmetics, often called “make-up” 可知答案為 B。
6. C 推理判斷題。根據第2段第 1 句 The word “cosmetics” refers to anything that people put on their faces to make them look better “化妝品”這個詞是指人們涂在臉上使他們看起來更好看的東西，因此可推斷，人們用化妝品是為了看起來更好看。故答案為 C。
7. D 事實細節題。根據文章最后一段開頭 At one time, some cosmetics were not safe. They were bad for the skin 過去有個時期有些化妝品是不安全的。它們對皮膚有害，可知答案為 D。
8. A 推理判斷題。根據第3段第 1 句 Some people even have cosmetic surgery to make their faces look different 可知答案。
12月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練題 11
Nowadays, is it possible to tell a person’s class just by looking at him? Physical details __1__ tell us about health, diet and type of work done. A hundred years ago the working class very often lookd unhealthy, small and were either too thin or too fat. The upper classes were often __2__, sporting types who were used to a good diet and looked healthy. Today living and working conditions have improved, and such __3__ would no longer be so true.The clothes people choose to wear, however, do provide information about their __4__. The most obvious way in which is for the amount of money spent on them. Expensive clothes look expensive and show their wearer had money. Clothes can provide other __5__ as well. The upper classes __6__ to be less interested in fashion and wear good quality clothes in non-bright colours, made of natural material like wool, leather or cotton. Lower working class people often choose clothes in bright colours, made of man-made material. A sociological explanation for this would be that color and interest are mssing from their lives, and therefore any opportunity to introduce this is __7__.Clothes are __8__ at a price within most people’s reach. New clothes make the wearer feel good, and show some __9__ of wealth to the outside world. Today some new fashions are started by the lower working class people who want to look __10__ and feel important. They want people to look at them.
A) available
B) background
C) different
D) tall
E) totally
F) taken
G) descriptions
H) degree
I) clues
J) alone
K) appear
L) consider
M) full
N) hobby
O)fetched
【答案】
1、選J)。此處應填副詞。可選項有totally和alone，由前一句中just可推出，外表上的細節僅僅能告訴我們這個人的健康狀況，平時的營養狀況以及他所從事的工作而不能看出他所處的階級，故排除totally而選alone“惟一”。
2、選D)。此處應填形容詞。因此此句和前一句是在將以前的工人階級和上層階級的身體狀況進行對比，故此處應填與small“矮的”意思相反的詞，選項中只有tall符合題意。而full“豐滿的”不能用來修飾sporting types,故排除。
3、選G)。此處應填名詞。現在的生活和工作條件改善了，情況已經不同了。而such指代的是上文中對一百年以前工人階級和上層階級的身體狀況的身體狀況的描述，故descriptions“描述”符合題意。
4、選B)。此處應填名詞。根據句意“衣服可以提供...方面的信息”，選項中有background和hobby，選background“人的背景，社會階層”，符合文章主題。
5、選I)。由as well可知，此處應填名詞且與本段首句中的informaiton的意思相近，選項中只有clues“線索”符合題意。
6、選K)。此處應填動詞的`原形。選項中有appear和consider,appear可直接接不定式;而consider帶不定式的復合結構，用于主動語態時，consider后面得接賓語，故選appear。
7、選F)。這句中this指代bright colour，句子主干是any opportunity is...。可選項有taken和fetched,take“抓住”則可以與opportunity搭配，但fetch“拿來”不能與opportunity構成動賓搭配，故排除fetched而選taken。
8、選A)。此處應填形容詞。句子意思是“衣服的價錢......，大多數人都買得起。”選項中只有available“可以接受的”符合題意。
9、選H)。此處應填名詞。由a price within most people’s reach可推出，此處新衣服向外界顯示的是穿衣者的富裕程度，故選擇degree“程度”。
10、選C)。此處應填形容詞。由new fashions和feel important可推出工人階級想通過穿衣來改變他們，而選項中只有different“與眾不同的”符合此意，故選擇C)。
12月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練題 12
A) Once upon a time, if you hated your job, you either quit or bit your lip. These days, a group of researchers is trumpeting a third option: shape your job so ifs more fruitful than futile.
B) We often get trapped into thinking about our job as a list of things to do and a list of responsibilities, says Amy Wrzesniewski, an associate professor at the Yale School of Management. But what if you set aside that mind-set If you could adjust what you do, she says, who would you start talking to, what other tasks would you take on, and who would you work with
C) To make livelihoods more lively, Wrzesniewski and her colleagues Jane Dutton and Justin Berg have developed a methodology they call job-crafting. Theyre working with Fortune 500 companies, smaller firms and business schools to change the way Americans think about work. The idea is to make all jobs--even mundane (平凡的) ones---more meaningful by empowering employees to brainstorm and implement subtle but significant workplace adjustments.
Step 1: Rethink Your Job--Creatively
D) The default some people wake up to is dragging themselves to work and facing a list of things they have to do, says Wrzesniewski. So in the job-crafting process, the first step is to think about your job holistically. You first analyze how much time, energy and attention you devote to your various tasks. Then you reflect on that allocation( 分配). See I0 perfect jobs for the recession--and after.
E) Take, for example, a maintenance technician at Burts Bees, which makes personal-care products. He was interested in process engineering, though that wasnt part of his job description. To alter the scope of his day-to-day activities, the technician asked a supervisor if he could spend some time studying an idea he had for making the firms manufacturing procedures more energy-efficient. His ideas proved helpful, and now process engineering is part of the scope of his work.
F) Barbara Fredrickson, author of Positivity and a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, says its crucial for people to pay attention to their workday emotions. Doing so, she says, will help you discover which aspects of your work are most life-giving-and most life-draining.
G) Many of us get stuck in ruts (慣例 ). Berg, a Ph.D. student at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania who helped develop the job-crafting methodology, says we all benefit from periodically rethinking what we do. Even in the most constraining jobs, people have a certain amount of wiggle room, he says. Small changes can have a real impact on life at work.
Step 2: Diagram Your Day
H) To lay the groundwork for change, job-crafting participants assemble diagrams detailing their workday activities. The first objective is to develop new insights about what you actually do at work. Then you can dream up fresh ways to integrate what the job-crafting exercise calls your strengths, motives and passions into your daily routine. You convert task lists into flexible building blocks. The end result is an after diagram that can serve as a map for specific changes.
I) lna Lockau-Vogel, a management consultant who participated in a recent job-crafting workshop, says the exercise helped her adjust her priorities. Before, 1 would spend so much time reacting to requests and focusing on urgent tasks that I never had time to address the real important issues. As part of the job-crafting process, she decided on a strategy for delegating and outsourcing (外包) more of her administrative responsibilities.
J) In contrast to business books that counsel, managers to influence workers through incentives, job-crafting focuses on what employees themselves can do to re-envision and adjust what they do every day. Given that according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, it now takes the average job seeker more than six months to find a new position, its crucial to make the most of the job youve got.
Step 3: Identify Job Loves and Hates
K) By reorienting (使適應 ) how you think about your job, you free yourself up for new ideas about how to restructure your workday time and energy. Take an IT worker who hates dealing with technologically incompetent callers. He might enjoy teaching more than customer service. By spending more time instructing colleagues--and treating help-line callers as curious students of tech--the disgruntled IT person can make the most of his 9-to-5 position.
L) Dutton, a professor at the University of Michigans Ross School of Business, says she has seen local auto-industry workers benefit from the job-crafting process. They come in looking worn down, but after spending two hours on this exercise, they come away thinking about three or four things they can do differently.
M) They start to recognize they have more control over their work than they realized, says Dutton, who parmered with Wrzesniewski on the original job-crafting research.
Step 4: Put Your Ideas into Action
N) To conclude the job-crafting process, participants list specific follow-up steps: Many plan a one-0n-one meeting with a supervisor to propose new project ideas. Others connect with colleagues to talk about trading certain tasks. Berg says as long as their goals are met, many managers are happy to let employees adjust how they work.
O) Job-crafting isnt about revenue, per se, but juicing up ( 活躍 ) employee engagement may end up beefing up the bottom line. Amid salary, job and benefit cuts, more and more workers are disgruntled. Surveys show that more than 50% arent happy with what they do. Dutton, Berg and Wrzesniewski argue that emphasizing enjoyment can boost efficiency by lowering turnover rates and jacking up productivity. Job-crafting wont rid you of a lousy boss or a subpar salary, but it does offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction. If you cant ditch or switch a job, at least make it more likable.
1. A long time ago when a person hated his/her job, he/she will resign or bear it.
2. Amy Wrzesniewski think job could be adjusted.
3. Your first thing to do in the job-crafting process is to think about your job wholly .
4. The idea of a maintenance technician at Burts Bees turned out to be helpful and energy-efficient.
5. Bergs suggestion about work is to rethink and make small changes.
6. According to Ina Lockau-Vogel, the benefit from job-crafting is that it helps her set priorities properly.
7. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the situation in job market is ---it is difficult to find a job.
8. Dutton has seen that local auto-industry workers profit from the job-crafting process.
9. According to Berg, if the job-crafting process is successful, the supervisors are willing to let employees adjust what to do.
10. If you cant quit your job, using job-crafting may at least offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction.
1. A
根據題干信息詞hated和job定位到文章首句：從前，如果你討厭你的工作，要么辭職，要么掩飾自己的不滿，bite ones lip意為努力掩飾某人的怒火或不滿。
2. B
根據題于信息詞Amy Wrzesniewski和job定位到文章第二段，即：我們經常會陷入這種思維定勢，認為我們的工作就是一系列要做的事情和一系列責任，但是，如果你換一種心態呢如果做些什么可以調整這種心態呢也就是說Amy Wrzesniewski認為工作是可以調整的，故選段落B。
3. D
A根據題于信息詞first和in the job-crafting process定位到第一個小標題下的首段第二句：在job-crafting的過程中，首先就是要整體考慮你的工作，故選段落D。holistically意為整體地，全盤地。原文的意思是先整體考慮，然后是具體分析時間、能量、注意力如何分配到不同的任務中。
4. E
根據題干信息詞At Burts Bees和maintenance technician定位到第一個小標題下的第二段：在Burts Bees的一個技術人員，對程序工程感興趣，雖然這不屬于他的職責范疇，但為了改變他日常工作的范圍，他爭取到一些時間研究出一個點子使公司的生產過程更節能，最后，他成功了。
5. G
根據題干信息詞Berg定位到第一個小標題下最后一段。Berg說道：階段性的反思會讓我們受益，即便是最受限制的工作也有改動的余地，一些小改變對工作狀態會有實實在在的影響。故本題選段落G。
6. I
根據題干信息詞job-crafting和Ina LockauVogel定位到文章第二個小標題下的第二段：Ina提到，她參加了一個jobcrafting研討會，在那的訓練幫助她調整事情的優先級別，priority意為優先，優先權，故選段落I。
7. J
根據題干信息詞the Bureau of Labor Statistics定位到文章第二個標題下的'第三段末句：根據勞動統計局的數據，現在找一個新工作平均需要6個月，最大限度去做好你現在的工作是至關重要的，由此可知本題選段落J。
8. L
根據題干信息詞Dutton和local auto-industry workers定位到文章第三個小標題下的第二段：Dutton說她已經看到當地汽車行業的工作者受益于jobcrafting的過程。
9. N
根據題干信息詞the jobcrafting process和employees定位到文章第四個小標題下的第一段末句：Berg說，一旦他們的目標實現，許多管理者都樂意讓他們的員工安排他們怎樣工作，題干中的be willing to意為愿意，樂意，與be happy to同義。
10. O
根據題于信息詞quit，at least和for job dissatisfaction定位到文章末段最后兩句：job-crafting不會使你擺脫糟糕的老板或低廉的薪水，但是它可以為你對工作的不滿提供補救。如果你不能丟棄或換掉工作，至少可以讓工作更討人喜歡，由此選段落O。
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