2015年6月大學英語四級閱讀模擬試題（二）

　　Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A.,B., C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

　　Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet (長柄平底煎鍋) is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. Strong woodcutters and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000calories per day or more will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signs of indigestion than afflicted by those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved within the alimentary tract ( 消化道 ) more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope (熒光檢查儀), that fat actually accelerated the rate of digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority". Volumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum ( 權威意見) has been accepted--no fried edibles of any sort for children. A few will go so tar as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence of discomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric ( 胃的 )apparatus. We can of course sizzle perfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulate rather than retard contractions of the gall bladder. Thus it is that bile ( 膽汁 ) mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach.

　　We don't need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notions become fixed. The first condemnation probably rose because an "oracle" ( 圣賢) suffered from dyspepsia (消化不良) which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a time the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now tradition rather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.

　　56. This passage focuses on__________.

　　A. why the skillet is a handy piece of kitchen equipment

　　B. the digestibility of fried foods

　　C. how the experts can mislead the public in the area of food preparation

　　D. why fried foods have long been frowned upon

　　57. People engaged in active labor eat fried foods because __________.

　　A. they are healthful

　　B. they are much cheaper

　　C. they can be easily digested

　　D. they can provide the calories the workers need

　　58. The author implies that the public should__________.

　　A. prepare some foods by frying

　　B. avoid fried foods if possible

　　C. fry foods for adults but not for children

　　D. prepare all foods by frying

　　59. When the author says that "an 'oracle' suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu" he is being__________.

　　A. grateful

　　B. factual

　　C. sarcastic

　　D. humorous

　　60. The passage was probably taken from__________.

　　A. a medical journal

　　B. a publication addressed to the general public

　　C. a speech at a medical convention

　　D. an advertisement for cooking oil

　　【參考譯文】

　　很長時間以來，人們都不喜歡油炸食品。然而，長柄平底煎鍋基本上是我們廚房里最方便、最有用的廚具。[57]健壯的伐木工人以及其他從事體力勞動的人員，每天需要4000卡路里或者更多的熱量，他們吃的食物中的有三分之一是用這種煎鍋來烹飪的。用煎鍋烹制的肉、蛋和法式土司每天都會出現在千百萬人家的餐桌上。很明顯，困擾這些食用者的不是消化不良的跡象越來越多，而是那些堅持只用烘、烤、煮的方法烹飪的人對他們的折磨。數年前，一位非常著名的生理學家研究了油炸薯條的可消化性。他發現，用平底鍋烹制食物時，不用油炸要比油炸的更容易被吸收。汪是，比起蒸煮過的食物，經過油炸的食物更容易在消化道里分解。并且，當通過熒光檢查儀觀察胃里食物的消化過程時他還發現，實際上脂肪可加快消化的速度。而現在這些發現都與“權威”說法相悖、營養方面的書籍汗牛充棟，其中油炸食品有害的權威說法隨處可見——孩子絕對不能吃任何油炸食物。一些書籍甚至完全禁止使用煎炸這種烹飪方式。時不時還會有某位專家大膽地指出自己進行了親身試驗，但他吃了油炸食物身體卻安然無恙的原因在于自己的胃功能強大。當然，我們可以重復閱讀這些好文章.直到感覺味同嚼蠟、無聊透頂。但是(油炸)這種含有起酥油的徹底加熱的方式，并不像之前人們所定義的那樣糟糕。這樣的食物不僅不會阻礙膽囊收縮，反而會刺激其收縮。這樣，這些膽汁就能在營養物從胃里流出之后迅速與其混合。

　　[58]我們沒有必要讓我們的食品浸在油里，但與此相反：油炸食品這個方法被廣泛禁止好像也沒有什么依據。但是這一觀念卻根深蒂固。[59]人們最初對油炸食品的非難，可能源自某位“圣賢”，這位前輩偶爾消化不良就認定是吃了菜單上某些油炸食品的結果。于是他的這種論調傳播開來。不少人贊同他的觀點，后來人們就把這種信條寫入教科書了�，F在，這種信條是一種傳統的定義，而不是經過驗證的事實，這種信條早就該被推翻了，因為實踐已經證明了它的荒謬。

　　【答案解析】

　　56.B

　　定位：根據題干信息this passage focuses on可知解答本題需通觀全文。

　　解析：整篇文章談論的主題是油炸食品是否易于消化。第一段提到：人們一直不喜歡油炸食品，因為據說這種食品不好消化，但科學家卻發現，經過油炸的食物更容易在消化道里分解。第二段提到：人們反對油炸食品，說其會引起消化不良，是因為這種說法已經成為傳統，但它卻并非被證明了的事實，而實踐已經證明了它的荒謬。綜上所述，這篇文章的主題就是me digestibility of tried foods。故選B。

　　57.D

　　定位：根據題干信息people engaged in active labor可將答案定位到第一段第三句。

　　解析：該句提到：“健壯的伐木工人以及其他從事體力勞動的人員，每天需要4000卡路里或者更多的熱量，他們吃的食物中約有三分之一是用這種煎鍋來烹飪的。”由此可知，從事體力勞動的人員需要吃油炸食物是因為這類食物能提供足夠的熱量。故選D。

　　58.A

　　定位：根據題干信息implies that the public should可將答案定位到第二段第一句。

　　解析：題干問作者對公眾烹飪食品有何建議，作者在第一段提到，據實驗證明，油炸食品非但不會導致消化不良，而且還比較容易消化。第二段開頭處又提到：“我們沒有必要讓我們的食品浸在油里，但與此相反，油炸食品這個方法被廣泛禁止好像也沒有什么依據。”可見，作者的觀點是人們是可以食用一些油炸食品的。故選A。

　　59.C

　　定位：根據題干信息an“oracle”suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu可將答案定位到第二段第二句。

　　解析：題干中的引文選自第二段中間處，作者提到：“人們最初對油炸食品的非難，可能源自某位。圣賢’，這位前輩偶爾消化不良就認定是吃了菜單上某些油炸食品的結果。于是他的這種論調傳播開來”作者的諷刺語氣躍然紙上。加之oracle本身就在引號里，更足以證明其諷刺性。故選C。

　　60.B

　　定位：根據題于信息taken from可知解答本題需通觀全文。

　　解析：題干問這篇文章的出處。從文章內容和風格來看，應該是節選自一本大眾科普讀物，它既不像醫學雜志、會議發言文章那樣嚴謹，也不像廣告那樣以產品為核心。因此正確答案為B項。

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