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英語句子成分入門[1]1

英語句子成分入門[1]1 | 樓主 | 2017-07-08 21:29:00 共有2個回復
  1. 1英語句子成分入門[1]1
  2. 2英語入門句子成分

如練習試找出下列句子的主語,如練習試找出下列句子的補足語,七狀語修飾動詞形容詞副詞或整個句子,同位語與被它限定的詞常常緊挨在一起,答案一指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分。

英語句子成分入門[1]12017-07-08 21:27:50 | #1樓回目錄

句子成份

英語在其長期的發展過程中形成了一種相對固定的句子結構,即:主語+謂語。主語是句子的話題,而謂語是對話題所作的說明。兩者構成了句子的主要成份,是一個句子中不可缺少的成分。除此之外,還包括表語、賓語、補語、定語、狀語和同位語六種次要成分,可根據句子的需要可有可無。

一、主語:句子的主體,全句述說的對象。一般由名詞、主格代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句擔任,在陳述句中常置于句首。主語由名詞性的詞來充當。

如:Ilikefootball.練習:試找出下列句子的主語:

1)Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.2)ThecapitalofFranceisPairs.

3)Wehavefinishedourtaskaheadoftime.4)Oursisagreatcountry.

5)Thesecondisbetterthanthefirst.6)Seeingisbelieving.

7)John’snothavingbeentrainedasadancerishisoneregret.8)TostudyEnglishwellisveryimportantforacollegestudentnow.

9)Whathesaidisnottrue.

10)Studyhardandmakeprogreeveryday.

二、謂語:謂語是對主語加以陳述,說明主語的動作或所處的狀態等。謂語通常由動詞或動詞詞組來充當。如:Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.練習:試找出下列句子的謂語:

1)HestudiedinBritainfor3years.2)Ididn’twatchthemovielastnight.

3)Nowstudentsarepayingmoreattentiontopronunciation.4)Theylived,ateandworkedtogetherwiththeworkersformorethanamonth.

5)Everymeanshasbeentriedwithoutanyeffect.

6)Youshouldn'thaveopenedherletter.7)Weusedtoteachinthesameschool.8)Youdidn'thavetogothereinperson.9)Heissaidtohavebeentomanycountries.10)Hisparentsarebothmiddleschoolteachers.

三、表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態。它一般位于系動詞之后。如:Helooksveryyoung.練習:試找出下列句子的表語:

1)Hisparentsarebothmiddleschoolteachers.2)Youarethefirstinthecompetition.3)Ourcampusisverybeautifulinspring.

4)Thetemperatureisdownabout10degreestoday.5)Allthestudentsareintheclassroomwaitingforyou.6)Ourplanistohavepicnicthisweekend.

7)Thestudentsgotveryexcitedwatchingthefootballgame.8)Thefilmwasverymoving.9)Herfirstjobwassellingshoes.

10)Oursuggestionisthatyougiveupsmokingforthesakeofyourhealth.

四、賓語:賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者。賓語由名詞性的詞充當,賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語,分別構成動賓結構和介詞結構。

例如:Tomelosthislifeinthebigfire.練習:試找出下列句子的賓語:

1)Wewillstudyanewlessonnextweek.2)Heoftenhelpsmeinmystudy.

3)Chinawonthefirstinthenumberofgoldmedalsatthe14thAsianGames.

4).Idon'tthinkIcanfollowyou.

5)Canyoutelluswhetherhewillcome?

6)Tellthemwheretheyshouldputthemachines.

7)Whateverdifficultieshemet,hewouldgetridofthem.8)Respecttheoldandcherishtheyoung.

9)Theyavoidedtalkingaboutthesubjectatthemeeting.10)Theyofferedtohelpuswhenwewereindifficulties.

五、定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。如:Guilinisabeautifulcity.練習:試找出下列句子的定語:

1)Nowadays,wehaveatwo-dayweekend,sowehavemoresparetime.

2)Themanspeakingatthemeetingisthechairmanofourdepartment.

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3)Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.

4)Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.5)HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.

6)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.7)Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.

8)HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.

六、補足語:英語中為了使句子意義完整,需要對主語或賓語進行補充說明,這就是補足語。補充說明主語的稱為主語補足語。補充說明賓語的稱為賓語補足語。

如:Wechosehimourmonitor.練習:試找出下列句子的補足語:

1)Ioftenfindhimreadinginthelibrary.2)Heisoftenfoundreadinginthelibrary.3)HisfathernamedhimDongming.4)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.

5)Letthefreshairin.

6)Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.7)Wesawherenteringtheroom.

8)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.

七、狀語:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。一般包括時間狀語、地點狀語、方式狀語、程度狀語、伴隨狀語、讓步狀語、條件狀語、原因狀語、結果狀語和目的狀語。

如:Tomorrowwewillvisitthemuseum.練習:試找出下列句子的狀語:

1)WeusuallyhaveEnglishclassesinthelanguagelab.2)Ourteachersteachusverypatiently.

3)Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.

4)Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

5)Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.

6)Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.7)Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.8)Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.

八、同位語:一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾、限定或說明,這個名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞常常緊挨在一起。

如:Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.練習:試找出下列句子的同位語:

1)Hisdinner,eggsandvegetables,issimple.2)Threepersons—you,heandI—willhavetomaintainthisbigfamily.

3)TheDiamond,thebest-knownrestaurantintown,isnotfaraway.

4)Youmayaskanyone—him,herorme.

5)Theyinvitedourfamily—father,motherandme—totheircountry-house.

6)Atthenews,Ifeltashamedforusofficials.

練習題:選擇填空:

()1.____willleaveforBeijing.

A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.Themanwhoisherenownow

()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicely()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latest()5.Theactor______ http://m.okwtrl.com adB.diedC.dyed()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We, http://m.okwtrl.com ,weC.We,our()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowded()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.that()9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhich

2

D.Themanishere

http://m.okwtrl.com adedD.We,weD.crowdedlyD.thatisD.waslookedD.where

答案:1-5CBDBB6-10ACBAB一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.

2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.

3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.

4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!

5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.

6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.

7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.

8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.

9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.

10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.

11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.

12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.

13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.

14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?

15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.

16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?

17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.

18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.

19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.

20.Theapplestastedsweet.

二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語(—)、謂語(=)、賓語(~):

Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.

三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語(—)、狀語(=)、補語(~):

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.

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英語入門句子成分2017-07-08 21:26:33 | #2樓回目錄

英語入門學案--句子成分

英語入門--句子成分;簡單句、并列句和復合句學案

一、句子成分

(一)句子成分的定義:構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分

有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。

(二)主語:主語是一個句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結構、疑問句(當主語不疑問詞時)和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名

詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如:

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)

WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代詞)

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(數詞)

Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(動名詞)

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞化的形容詞)

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主語從句)Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的不定

式)

(三)謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。謂

語的構成如下:

1、簡單謂語:由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

2、復合謂語:(1)由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfor

twoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系動詞加表語構成。如:Wearestudents.

(四)表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態,它一般位于系動詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞

及表語從句表示。例如:

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)

Isityours?(代詞)

Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)

Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)

Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數詞)

HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)

Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.(動名詞)

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介詞短語)

Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副詞)

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語從句)

(五)賓語:賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者,一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如:

Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)

Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代詞)

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(數詞)

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名詞化形容詞)

Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短語)

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(動名詞短語)

Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(賓語從句)

賓語種類:(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)

復合賓語(賓語+賓補),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

(六)賓語補足語:英語中有些及物動詞,除有一個直接賓語以外,還要有一個賓語補語,才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為:某些及物動詞(如make等+賓語+賓補)。賓補可由名詞、形容

詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如:

HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名詞)

Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容詞)

Letthefreshairin.(副詞)

Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短語)

Wesawherenteringtheroom.(現在分詞)

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介詞短語)

Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(從句)

(七)定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示:

Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)

Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名詞)

HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語)

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動名詞)

HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語)

(八)狀語:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分,叫做狀語。可由以

下形式表示:

Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)

Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介詞短語)

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短語)

Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分詞短語)

Waitaminute.(名詞)

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(狀語從句)

狀語種類如下:

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時間狀語)

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因狀語)

Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(條件狀語)

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地點狀語)

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式狀語)

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴隨狀語)

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的狀語)

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(結果狀語)

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(讓步狀語)

Iamtallerthanheis.(比較狀語)

練習一

一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.

2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.

3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.

4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!

5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.

6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.

7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.

8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.

9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.

10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.

11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.

12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.

13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.

14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?

15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.

16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?

17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.

18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.

19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.

20.Theapplestastedsweet.

二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語(—)、謂語(=)、賓語(~):

Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannels

todifferentpartsofthegarden.

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