如練習試找出下列句子的主語,如練習試找出下列句子的補足語,七狀語修飾動詞形容詞副詞或整個句子,同位語與被它限定的詞常常緊挨在一起,答案一指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分。
英語句子成分入門[1]1
句子成份
英語在其長期的發展過程中形成了一種相對固定的句子結構,即:主語+謂語。主語是句子的話題,而謂語是對話題所作的說明。兩者構成了句子的主要成份,是一個句子中不可缺少的成分。除此之外,還包括表語、賓語、補語、定語、狀語和同位語六種次要成分,可根據句子的需要可有可無。
一、主語:句子的主體,全句述說的對象。一般由名詞、主格代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句擔任,在陳述句中常置于句首。主語由名詞性的詞來充當。
如:Ilikefootball.練習:試找出下列句子的主語:
1)Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.2)ThecapitalofFranceisPairs.
3)Wehavefinishedourtaskaheadoftime.4)Oursisagreatcountry.
5)Thesecondisbetterthanthefirst.6)Seeingisbelieving.
7)John’snothavingbeentrainedasadancerishisoneregret.8)TostudyEnglishwellisveryimportantforacollegestudentnow.
9)Whathesaidisnottrue.
10)Studyhardandmakeprogreeveryday.
二、謂語:謂語是對主語加以陳述,說明主語的動作或所處的狀態等。謂語通常由動詞或動詞詞組來充當。如:Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.練習:試找出下列句子的謂語:
1)HestudiedinBritainfor3years.2)Ididn’twatchthemovielastnight.
3)Nowstudentsarepayingmoreattentiontopronunciation.4)Theylived,ateandworkedtogetherwiththeworkersformorethanamonth.
5)Everymeanshasbeentriedwithoutanyeffect.
6)Youshouldn'thaveopenedherletter.7)Weusedtoteachinthesameschool.8)Youdidn'thavetogothereinperson.9)Heissaidtohavebeentomanycountries.10)Hisparentsarebothmiddleschoolteachers.
三、表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態。它一般位于系動詞之后。如:Helooksveryyoung.練習:試找出下列句子的表語:
1)Hisparentsarebothmiddleschoolteachers.2)Youarethefirstinthecompetition.3)Ourcampusisverybeautifulinspring.
4)Thetemperatureisdownabout10degreestoday.5)Allthestudentsareintheclassroomwaitingforyou.6)Ourplanistohavepicnicthisweekend.
7)Thestudentsgotveryexcitedwatchingthefootballgame.8)Thefilmwasverymoving.9)Herfirstjobwassellingshoes.
10)Oursuggestionisthatyougiveupsmokingforthesakeofyourhealth.
四、賓語:賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者。賓語由名詞性的詞充當,賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語,分別構成動賓結構和介詞結構。
例如:Tomelosthislifeinthebigfire.練習:試找出下列句子的賓語:
1)Wewillstudyanewlessonnextweek.2)Heoftenhelpsmeinmystudy.
3)Chinawonthefirstinthenumberofgoldmedalsatthe14thAsianGames.
4).Idon'tthinkIcanfollowyou.
5)Canyoutelluswhetherhewillcome?
6)Tellthemwheretheyshouldputthemachines.
7)Whateverdifficultieshemet,hewouldgetridofthem.8)Respecttheoldandcherishtheyoung.
9)Theyavoidedtalkingaboutthesubjectatthemeeting.10)Theyofferedtohelpuswhenwewereindifficulties.
五、定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。如:Guilinisabeautifulcity.練習:試找出下列句子的定語:
1)Nowadays,wehaveatwo-dayweekend,sowehavemoresparetime.
2)Themanspeakingatthemeetingisthechairmanofourdepartment.
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3)Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.
4)Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.5)HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.
6)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.7)Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.
8)HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.
六、補足語:英語中為了使句子意義完整,需要對主語或賓語進行補充說明,這就是補足語。補充說明主語的稱為主語補足語。補充說明賓語的稱為賓語補足語。
如:Wechosehimourmonitor.練習:試找出下列句子的補足語:
1)Ioftenfindhimreadinginthelibrary.2)Heisoftenfoundreadinginthelibrary.3)HisfathernamedhimDongming.4)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.
5)Letthefreshairin.
6)Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.7)Wesawherenteringtheroom.
8)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.
七、狀語:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。一般包括時間狀語、地點狀語、方式狀語、程度狀語、伴隨狀語、讓步狀語、條件狀語、原因狀語、結果狀語和目的狀語。
如:Tomorrowwewillvisitthemuseum.練習:試找出下列句子的狀語:
1)WeusuallyhaveEnglishclassesinthelanguagelab.2)Ourteachersteachusverypatiently.
3)Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.
4)Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.
5)Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.
6)Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.7)Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.8)Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.
八、同位語:一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾、限定或說明,這個名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞常常緊挨在一起。
如:Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.練習:試找出下列句子的同位語:
1)Hisdinner,eggsandvegetables,issimple.2)Threepersons—you,heandI—willhavetomaintainthisbigfamily.
3)TheDiamond,thebest-knownrestaurantintown,isnotfaraway.
4)Youmayaskanyone—him,herorme.
5)Theyinvitedourfamily—father,motherandme—totheircountry-house.
6)Atthenews,Ifeltashamedforusofficials.
練習題:選擇填空:
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.Themanwhoisherenownow
()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicely()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latest()5.Theactor______ http://m.okwtrl.com adB.diedC.dyed()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We, http://m.okwtrl.com ,weC.We,our()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowded()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.that()9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhich
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D.Themanishere
http://m.okwtrl.com adedD.We,weD.crowdedlyD.thatisD.waslookedD.where
答案:1-5CBDBB6-10ACBAB一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.
二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語(—)、謂語(=)、賓語(~):
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.
三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語(—)、狀語(=)、補語(~):
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.
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英語入門句子成分
英語入門學案--句子成分
英語入門--句子成分;簡單句、并列句和復合句學案
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定義:構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分
有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。
(二)主語:主語是一個句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結構、疑問句(當主語不疑問詞時)和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名
詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如:
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)
WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代詞)
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(數詞)
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(動名詞)
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞化的形容詞)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主語從句)Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的不定
式)
(三)謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。謂
語的構成如下:
1、簡單謂語:由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
2、復合謂語:(1)由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfor
twoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系動詞加表語構成。如:Wearestudents.
(四)表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態,它一般位于系動詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞
及表語從句表示。例如:
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)
Isityours?(代詞)
Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)
Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)
Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數詞)
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.(動名詞)
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介詞短語)
Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副詞)
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語從句)
(五)賓語:賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者,一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如:
Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代詞)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(數詞)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名詞化形容詞)
Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短語)
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(動名詞短語)
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(賓語從句)
賓語種類:(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)
復合賓語(賓語+賓補),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
(六)賓語補足語:英語中有些及物動詞,除有一個直接賓語以外,還要有一個賓語補語,才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為:某些及物動詞(如make等+賓語+賓補)。賓補可由名詞、形容
詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如:
HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名詞)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容詞)
Letthefreshairin.(副詞)
Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短語)
Wesawherenteringtheroom.(現在分詞)
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介詞短語)
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(從句)
(七)定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示:
Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名詞)
HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語)
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動名詞)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語)
(八)狀語:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分,叫做狀語。可由以
下形式表示:
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介詞短語)
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短語)
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分詞短語)
Waitaminute.(名詞)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(狀語從句)
狀語種類如下:
Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時間狀語)
Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因狀語)
Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(條件狀語)
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地點狀語)
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式狀語)
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴隨狀語)
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的狀語)
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(結果狀語)
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(讓步狀語)
Iamtallerthanheis.(比較狀語)
練習一
一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.
二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語(—)、謂語(=)、賓語(~):
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannels
todifferentpartsofthegarden.