我鑰匙掉這附近某個(gè)地方了在附近，使渡過(guò)使穿過(guò)傳送做完結(jié)束走完，這個(gè)工作必須在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成，吸煙有害健康是大家公認(rèn)的公認(rèn)的為公眾所接受的，實(shí)踐的實(shí)用的注重實(shí)際的有實(shí)際工作能力的。
英語(yǔ)句子!帶單詞版
第一課（1-94）
我很寬裕，能幫助她plenty['plenti]n.充裕,大量
beabletov.能,會(huì)
他是一個(gè)能人。able['eibl]adj.有本事的
我鑰匙掉這附近某個(gè)地方了somewhereabout在…附近
drop[drp]vt.&vi.(使)落下,投下n.滴,滴狀物
火災(zāi)是由一只丟棄的煙頭引起的。becausedby由…引起
放下所有手頭上的事，到這兒來(lái)＃drop[drp]vt.放棄,斷絕交往漏掉
getover(使)渡過(guò),(使)穿過(guò)；傳送；做完…,結(jié)束走完
克服;克制從…中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)
她進(jìn)入房間時(shí)，他壓低了聲音。drop[drp]vt.&vi.(使)落下,投下(使)降低,減少,減弱
pre-taxprofitsdroppedby37percent.稅前利潤(rùn)減少了37%。tax[tks]vt.向…征稅n.稅,稅額
profit['prfit]n.利潤(rùn)益處vt.&vi.獲益;得利于
drop[drp]vt.&vi.(使)降低,減少
percent[p'sent]n.百分之…,百分比
過(guò)去幾年以來(lái)旅游業(yè)滑坡了。tourism['tur,izm]n.旅游；旅游業(yè)
dropoff落下;不知不覺(jué)入睡;送下車(chē);送到;減少
drop[drp]vt.斷絕交往
pressure['pre]n.壓(力),壓強(qiáng);強(qiáng)制,壓迫
我面臨著來(lái)自家人和朋友的壓力，他們要我與芭芭拉斷絕關(guān)系。他在經(jīng)銷(xiāo)店將貨物卸下。drop[drp]vt.卸下貨物（尤指在途中）卸（客，貨）
dealer['di:l]n.商人
他媽媽讓他下了車(chē)，然后開(kāi)車(chē)去上班了。drop[drp]vt.讓人下車(chē)
你有空把它丟進(jìn)郵筒就行了。
雨滴開(kāi)始濺到地上。splash[spl]n.濺潑聲;濺上的斑點(diǎn)
vt.使(液體)濺起vi.(指液體)濺落
onthegroundadv.在地上,當(dāng)場(chǎng)
一滴水也看不見(jiàn)。insightadv.被看到
告訴我關(guān)于這件事的一切allabout關(guān)于…的一切;到處
他即將動(dòng)身beabouttov.將要,正打算
start[stɑ:t]vt.&vi.出發(fā);啟程
現(xiàn)在是六點(diǎn)鐘左右about['baut]adv.大約,差不多
孩子們到處亂闖rush[r]vt.&vi.n.沖,奔
我的臥室就在上面above['bv]adv.在上面/上述
太陽(yáng)升到地平線(xiàn)上riseabove升到…之上
horizon[h'raizn]n.地平線(xiàn)；范圍；眼界
rise[raiz]vi.n.上升,升起/增加,增長(zhǎng)
她想離開(kāi)家，開(kāi)闊眼界。Broaden['br:dn]vt.&vi.使…變寬,拓展
broad[br:d]adj.寬的,闊的;廣的
horizon[h'raizn]n.地平線(xiàn)；眼界
可能會(huì)有麻煩了。onthehorizon幾乎肯定會(huì)很快發(fā)生的;即將來(lái)臨
horizon[h'raizn]n.地平線(xiàn)；范圍；眼界
這本書(shū)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是太難了。beabove超出…之外
他不屑為自己謀私利。beabove不屑于
profit['prfit]n.利潤(rùn),收益
比爾拒絕對(duì)那次事故承擔(dān)責(zé)任。takefor為…承擔(dān)…
refuse[ri'fju:z]vt.&vi.拒絕n.垃圾
responsibility[ri,spns'biliti]n.責(zé)任(感),職責(zé)
我只是認(rèn)為你已知道了這件事。takefor信以為真;認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然
takesomeoneorsomethingforgranted認(rèn)為…是理所當(dāng)然
granted['grɑ:ntid]認(rèn)為…是理所當(dāng)然的；對(duì)…想當(dāng)然
grant[ɡrɑ:nt]vt.準(zhǔn)許;答應(yīng)給予/承認(rèn)n.補(bǔ)助金,助學(xué)金,津貼
人們不再對(duì)基督教一切信以為真Christianity[,kristi:'niti:]n.基督教
grant[ɡrɑ:nt]n.助學(xué)金,津貼在這一地區(qū)居住滿(mǎn)三年，就可以得到一筆補(bǔ)助金。看前面舉的例子。
given['ɡivn]adj.規(guī)定的,特定的
prep.(表示原因)考慮到/(表示假設(shè))倘若;假定
above['bv]adv.在上面/以上/上述
這個(gè)工作必須在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成。within[wi'in]adj.(表示時(shí)間)不超過(guò)
given['ɡivn]adj.規(guī)定的,特定的
giventime給定時(shí)間
他們要在規(guī)定的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)會(huì)晤。meet[mi:t]vt.&vi.遇見(jiàn),碰見(jiàn),相見(jiàn)/認(rèn)識(shí),結(jié)識(shí)
vt.迎接/滿(mǎn)足n.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì),比賽
窗簾中間拉不攏。
Curtain['k:tn]n.窗簾failto未能…
inthemiddle在中部
middle['midl]n.adj.中部的;中間的
我們經(jīng)常通信,卻很少見(jiàn)面。regularly['regjulli]adv.有規(guī)律地定期地
seldom['seldm]adv.很少,罕見(jiàn),難得
我碰見(jiàn)她和約翰走在一起。
walkwith與(某人)作伴行走
我跟她只是面熟,但并不認(rèn)識(shí)。knowbysight會(huì)過(guò)面
來(lái)參加晚宴,認(rèn)識(shí)一下我妹妹。
他的行為一直無(wú)可質(zhì)疑
conduct[kn'dkt]n.舉止,行為
abovesuspicionadv.無(wú)可懷疑
suspicion[ss'pin]n.懷疑,猜疑
always[':lweiz]adv.總是;永遠(yuǎn);一直
警察是不許接受酬金的
police[p'li:s]n.警察
reward[ri'w:d]n.報(bào)酬vt.酬謝,獎(jiǎng)賞
accept[k'sept]vt.&vi.接受,收受
allow['lau]vt.允許,許可(做某事)
他們承認(rèn)了對(duì)這次事故所負(fù)的責(zé)任。accept[k'sept]vt.承認(rèn),同意
responsibility[ri,spns'biliti]n.責(zé)任（感）職責(zé)
14.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatsmokingisharmfultoourhealth.吸煙有害健康是大家公認(rèn)的Accepted[k'septid]adj.公認(rèn)的；為公眾所接受的
Generally['denrli]adv.大體上,廣泛地,普遍地
Record[ri'k:d]n.記錄,記載/履歷;功過(guò)
borrow['bru]vt.&vi.借,借進(jìn)
return[ri't:n]vt.還,歸還,退回
library['laibrri]n.圖書(shū)館,藏書(shū)室;藏書(shū)
thebooksyouhaveborrowed…你借的書(shū)…根據(jù)我們的記錄，你借的書(shū)現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該還給圖書(shū)館了。從這些數(shù)字看，我們的公司經(jīng)營(yíng)得不錯(cuò)according['k:di]adv.依照
dowellv.做得好,進(jìn)展好
figure['fiɡ]n.數(shù)字,圖解,圖表
finger['fiɡ]n.手指
Account['kaunt]n.賬戶(hù)with[wi]prep.(表示關(guān)系)和…在一起
他因?yàn)樯�，所以才缺席illness['ilnis]n.疾病
accountfor說(shuō)明〔解釋〕…原因
account['kaunt]vi.解釋;說(shuō)明
absence['bsns]n.缺席,不在場(chǎng)
一個(gè)人未證明有罪前，視為是清白的。account['kaunt]vt.認(rèn)為
innocent['insnt]adj.清白無(wú)辜的
proven['pru:vn]adj.經(jīng)過(guò)驗(yàn)證或證實(shí)的
prove[pru:v]vt.證明/檢驗(yàn);試驗(yàn)
guilty['ɡilti]adj.內(nèi)疚的有罪的
我們擁有一百英畝農(nóng)田。own[un]vt.擁有；承認(rèn)
acre['eik]n英畝
farmland['fɑ:m,lnd]n.農(nóng)田,耕地
你能游到河的對(duì)岸嗎？Across['krs]prep.(表示位置)在…對(duì)面
Swim[swim]vt.&vi.n.游泳vi.眩暈
兩條線(xiàn)相交。
Cut[kt]vt.(直線(xiàn))與(另一條直線(xiàn))相交
acro['krs]adv.成十字形,成交叉狀
23.ParliamenthaspassedanActforbiddingthekillingofrareanimals.parliament['pɑ:lmnt]n.議會(huì),國(guó)會(huì)
act[kt]n.法令,條例/forbid[f'bid]vt.禁止
rare[r]adj.稀少的；稀薄的
rareanimals.珍稀動(dòng)物國(guó)會(huì)通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)法令,禁止捕殺珍稀動(dòng)物。(Lookbeforeyouleap)三思后行。
act[kt]vt.&vi.行動(dòng),做
leap[li:p]vi.vt.n.跳躍,飛躍;激增
25.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.行動(dòng)勝于空談;事實(shí)勝于雄辯loud[laud]adv.響亮地,大聲地
action['kn]n.活動(dòng),行為;情節(jié)/作用,功能
戰(zhàn)斗持續(xù)了三個(gè)小時(shí)。last[lɑ:st]vi.延續(xù);繼續(xù)
action['kn]n.行動(dòng),活動(dòng)
他加了些木柴，使火旺些add[d]vt.&vi.加,加入;增加,添加
increase[in'kri:s]vt.&vi.n.增加,增大,增多
wood[wud]n.木,木頭,木材,木料,木柴樹(shù)林
fire['fai]n.火,射擊,熱情vt.〈口〉解雇
四加五等于九
addto增加,加強(qiáng)
這小女孩不太善于做加法。addition['din]n.加;加法
clever['klev]adj.聰明的,機(jī)靈的/靈巧的,精巧的
inadditiontoadv.除…之外
general['denrl]adj.一般的
introduction[,intr'dkn]n.介紹;引言;引進(jìn),采用
course[k:s]n.課程/進(jìn)程,過(guò)程/一道菜
provide[pr'vaid]vt.&vi.提供;供給;供應(yīng)
practical['prktikl]adj.實(shí)踐的實(shí)用的/注重實(shí)際的;有實(shí)際工作能力的
experience[iks'pirins]n.經(jīng)驗(yàn),體驗(yàn)/經(jīng)歷;閱歷/體會(huì)
practicalexperience實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)
課程除了一般介紹電腦知識(shí)外，還提供實(shí)際操作的機(jī)會(huì)。
有封寫(xiě)給你收的信。（掛號(hào)信）letter['let]n.信,函件/字母
address['dres]n.演說(shuō),演講住址,地址
32.Headdressedtheaudienceinaneloquentspeech.他向聽(tīng)眾發(fā)表了雄辯的演說(shuō)。address['dres]vt.向…講話(huà),向…發(fā)表演說(shuō)
audience[':djns]n.觀(guān)眾,聽(tīng)眾;讀者
eloquent['elkwnt]adj.雄辯的,有口才的
Admire[d'mai]vt.贊賞;欽佩
persistence[p'sistns]n.堅(jiān)持不懈
你可以不喜歡他，但你不得不佩服他那種堅(jiān)韌不拔的精神。
admit[d'mit]vt.&vi.承認(rèn),供認(rèn)我必須承認(rèn)，這比我想象的要困難得多。
admitto允許(某人)進(jìn)入…通向
admit[d'mit]vt.&vi.許可進(jìn)入
sufferfrom患(某種病)/受(某種病痛)折磨
sufferingfromburns.由于燒傷
suffer['sf]vi.受痛苦;變差vt.忍受,允許/遭受
burn[b:n]n.燒傷,燒痕
burns[b:nz]n.〈美〉絡(luò)腮胡子他由于燒傷，被送入醫(yī)院治療。（被許可進(jìn)入醫(yī)院）
36.ThedateofthemeetinghasbeenadvancedfromFridaytoMonday.
Thedateofthemeeting會(huì)議日期
hasbeenadvanced被提前到
advance[d'va:ns]vt.提前
advanced[d'va:nst]adj.超前的,先進(jìn)的/高級(jí)的
Friday['fraidi]n.星期五
Monday['mndi]n.星期一會(huì)議日期已經(jīng)從星期五提前到星期一。
advance[d'vɑ:ns]n.進(jìn)步
inthelasttenyears.在過(guò)去十年里
(lastyear:去年)在過(guò)去十年里，醫(yī)學(xué)取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。show[u]n.表演,演出;展覽會(huì)
advancebookingn.預(yù)訂
advance[d'vɑ:ns]adj.預(yù)先的
essential[i'senl]adj.必不可少的這是個(gè)很受歡迎的演出，所以一定要提前訂票。haveanadvantageover:勝過(guò),優(yōu)于
advantage[d'vɑ:ntid]n.有利條件(因素),優(yōu)勢(shì)/益處,利益
earthenware[':θn,we]n.陶器
earthen[':θn]adj.(地面或墻)泥土做的;土制的/(物體)陶制的
ware[w]n.商品,小貨品/制品easily['i:zli:]adv.容易地,不費(fèi)力地
clean[kli:n]adj.清潔的,純凈的
inbeingadj.現(xiàn)有的陶器的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于比木器更容易保持清潔。
richexperience：豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)rich[rit]adj.富裕的
advantage[d'vɑ:ntid]n.有利條件,有利因素,優(yōu)勢(shì)
applicant['pliknt]n.申請(qǐng)人,求職人
over['uv]prep.(表示等級(jí)或數(shù)目)高于;在…之上,超過(guò)
gave[ɡeiv]give的過(guò)去式她豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)使她比其他求職者具有有利條件。
我征求這位老師的意見(jiàn)ask[ɑ:sk]vt.&vi.問(wèn),詢(xún)問(wèn)；要求,請(qǐng)求vt.邀請(qǐng)
advice[d'vais]n.勸告,意見(jiàn)/消息,報(bào)道;(商業(yè))通知
42.Ifyoutakemyadviceyouwon'ttellanyoneaboutthis.takeadvice征求意見(jiàn),請(qǐng)教
tellabout告訴(某人)有關(guān)…的情況;談及
你要是聽(tīng)我勸告的話(huà)，最好別向任何人透露此事
他向我提了一些很好的意見(jiàn)。advice[d'vais]n.勸告,忠告,意見(jiàn);消息,報(bào)道
部長(zhǎng)忙于重要國(guó)務(wù)。minister['minist]n.大臣,部長(zhǎng);公使,外交使節(jié);牧師state[steit]n.狀態(tài)/國(guó)家,政府vt.陳述/規(guī)定,指定bebusywith忙于
別管閑事！affair['f]n.發(fā)生的事情;大事;事件事務(wù),事態(tài)own[un]adj.屬于自己的vt.擁有;承認(rèn)
她害怕這狗會(huì)咬人。dogbite犬咬傷;狗咬傷
bite[bait]vt.&vi.咬,叮n.咬(傷),叮傷afraid['freid]adj.害怕的,恐懼的/擔(dān)憂(yōu),憂(yōu)慮
對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，非洲是一片神秘的土地。mysterious[mi'stiris]adj.神秘的Africa['frik]n.非洲
48.Weshallarrivesoonafter.我們將隨后很快就到達(dá)。soonafter不久之后,稍后
史密斯先生吃過(guò)早餐后就動(dòng)身去倫敦了。for[f:,f]prep.(表示方向)向,朝,開(kāi)往leavefor出發(fā)去(某地)
你離開(kāi)房子之后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了你的外衣。after['ɑ:ft]conj.在…以后
found[faund]vt.創(chuàng)辦,成立;建立(find的過(guò)去式)
在以后的幾年里，他變得衰弱了。grew[ɡru:]grow的過(guò)去式
grow[ɡru]vt.種植vi.生長(zhǎng),發(fā)育vi.&linkv.漸漸變得weak[wi:k]adj.弱的;無(wú)力氣的;淡的;稀釋的
請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f(shuō)一次。
我們逆風(fēng)航行。againstthewind頂風(fēng)逆風(fēng)
wind[wind]n.風(fēng),氣流;呼吸vt.纏(卷)繞;給…上發(fā)條sail[seil]n.帆vi.起航,開(kāi)船航行
有26票贊成他，8票反對(duì)他。vote[vut]vt.&vi.投票,表決n.選票against['ɡenst]prep.(表示態(tài)度)反對(duì)votefor投票贊成/建議
我們存了一些錢(qián)，以備老年之用。against['ɡenst]prep.(表示目的)為…做準(zhǔn)備,防備…之用
你多大年紀(jì)？age[eid]n.年齡/時(shí)代,時(shí)期vt.&vi.(使)長(zhǎng)大,變老
period['pirid]n.時(shí)期,時(shí)代/學(xué)時(shí),課時(shí)/句號(hào)learn[l:n]vt.&vi.學(xué)習(xí);學(xué);學(xué)會(huì)/得知;獲悉;聽(tīng)說(shuō)learnt[l:nt]learn的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
Iron['ain]n.鐵、熨斗、鐐銬/堅(jiān)強(qiáng),冷酷vt.&vi.熨平IronAge['ain]n.鐵器時(shí)代
人類(lèi)學(xué)會(huì)用鐵制造工具的時(shí)代稱(chēng)為鐵器時(shí)代
我好久沒(méi)見(jiàn)到你了。forages很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間
憂(yōu)慮催人老anxiety[n'zaiti]n.焦慮,不安/渴望,熱望age[eid]vt.&vi.(使)長(zhǎng)大,變老
他兩年前來(lái)到這里ago['ɡu]adv.以前
reasonable['ri:znbl]adj.通情達(dá)理的,合理的;公道的proposal[pr'puzl]n.提議;建議/求婚rationalizationproposal合理化建議
rationalization[,rnlai'zein]n.合理化我覺(jué)得這是個(gè)合理的建議，但他不同意。
我們同意立即離開(kāi)。agreeto同意,贊成,同意照辦atonce立刻
幾個(gè)證人的陳述并不一致。Witne['witnis]n.目擊者;證人/證詞;證據(jù)statement['steitmnt]n.聲明,陳述/結(jié)算單,報(bào)表agreewith與…相符,與…一致
dictionary['diknri]n.詞典,字典
invaluable[in'vljubl]adj.無(wú)法估計(jì)的,aid[eid]vt.n.幫助,援助/助手,輔助手段
aninvaluableaid:非常有用的工具在學(xué)習(xí)一種新語(yǔ)言時(shí)，詞典是非常有用的工具。
Aid[eid]vt.n.幫助,援助aided['eidid]adj.半自動(dòng)的
investigation[in,vesti'gein]n.(正式的)調(diào)查,偵查bythecooperationofthepolice得到警方的大力協(xié)助cooperation[ku,p'rein]n.合作
greatly['greitli]adv.大大地,非常
你的生活目標(biāo)是什么？aim[eim]n.瞄準(zhǔn)/目標(biāo),目的inlife一生中,世間,活著的
我瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)射擊，但卻打在墻上aimat(以…)瞄準(zhǔn);針對(duì),以…為目標(biāo)/計(jì)劃,打算
aim[eim]vt.&vi.(以…)瞄準(zhǔn);針對(duì)vi.以…為目標(biāo)[目的]target['tɑ:git]n.(射擊的)靶子hit[hit]vt.&vi.打,打擊、碰撞
他的目標(biāo)是成為一個(gè)成功的作家。aim[eim]vi.以…為目標(biāo)[目的]
successful[sk'sesful]adj.成功的;如愿以?xún)數(shù)膚riter['rait]n.作者,作家
早晨的新鮮空氣使他覺(jué)得愉快。fresh[fre]adj.新鮮的/(水)淡的,無(wú)鹽味的
這個(gè)周末我將要乘飛機(jī)去紐約旅行。travelto朝…方向旅行
72.Therewasanairofexcitementatthemeeting.開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)氣氛顯得有些興奮。air[]n.氣氛vt.使房間通風(fēng),透氣
excitement[ik'saitmnt]n.興奮,激動(dòng)/令人興奮的事
radiation[,reidi'ein]n.放射(物)
leak[li:k]vt.&vi.漏vt.使泄露n.漏洞,裂縫泄漏cause[k:z]vt.成為…的原因;導(dǎo)致/引起,促使,使發(fā)生widespread['waidspred]adj.分布廣的;普遍的,廣泛的spread[spred]vt.&vi.伸開(kāi),展開(kāi)/(使)傳播散布n.傳播,蔓延
alarm['lɑ:m]n.警鐘,警報(bào)（器）泄露的消息引起了公眾的普遍恐慌。
我一看見(jiàn)冒煙，就發(fā)出了警報(bào)。givethealarm發(fā)警報(bào)assoonas一…就…
alike['laik]adj.相像的adv.同樣地
character['krikt]n.品質(zhì),特性,特色,角色
alive['laiv]adj.有活力的,活躍的
alive['laiv]adj.在世的
79.Hespentallhistimereading.spend[spend]vt.&vi.用錢(qián),花錢(qián)vt.度過(guò);用盡
dull[dl]adj.遲鈍的,呆笨的/枯燥無(wú)味的，不鋒利的
noplayn.不休息
allalong：自始至終
82.Allenjoyedthemselves.
allow['lau]vt.允許,許可(做某事)
84.Shesaidalmostnothing.almostnothing幾乎沒(méi)有
alone['lun]adj.單獨(dú)的
這兩兄弟非常相像。我們的性格很相似當(dāng)他到達(dá)時(shí)，城里非常熱鬧你的祖父母還在世嗎？他把全部時(shí)間都花在閱讀上（諺）只工作不玩耍，聰明杰克也變傻。自始至終，那件事我都知道。每個(gè)人都玩得很盡興。這里不許吸煙。她幾乎什么都沒(méi)說(shuō)。我獨(dú)自在教室里。
你不能僅靠面包維生。liveon:以…為食;靠…為生/住在…上bread[bred]n.面包/生計(jì)alone['lun]adv.單獨(dú)地,獨(dú)自地
我們沿著路走。along['l]prep.沿著,循著,順著
我們騎著腳踏車(chē)前進(jìn)，大聲歌唱著along['l]adv.向前,往前
當(dāng)我到達(dá)時(shí)，你已經(jīng)走了。
我曾到過(guò)那，不想再去了。
湯姆曾去過(guò)日本，我也曾去過(guò)。havebeentov.曾經(jīng)到過(guò)
although[:l'u]conj.盡管,雖然/但是,然而
strongandhealthy強(qiáng)健我的叔叔雖然老了，但他看上去還是很健壯。
晚上我總是在家里
94.Weshouldalwayshelpeachother.我們應(yīng)始終互相幫助
專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)句子(帶單詞翻譯版)
Unit1(5個(gè))
1.Materialsscienceandengineering(MSE)isaninterdisciplinaryfieldconcernedwithinventingnewmaterialsandimprovingpreviouslyknownmaterialsbydevelopingadeeperunderstandingofthemicrostructure-composition-synthesis-processingrelationships.
2.Materialsscientistsandengineersnotonlydealwiththedevelopmentofmaterials,butalsowiththesynthesisandprocessingofmaterialsandmanufacturingprocessesrelatedtotheproductionofcomponents.
3.Oneofthemostimportantfunctionsofmaterialsscientistsandengineersistoestablishtherelationshipsbetweenamaterialoradevice’spropertiesandperformanceandthemicrostructureofthatmaterial,itscomposition,andthewaythematerialorthedevicewassynthesizedandprocessed.
4.Inmaterialsscience,theemphasisisontheunderlyingrelationshipsbetweenthesynthesisandprocessing,structure,andpropertiesofmaterials.
5.Inmaterialsengineering,thefocusisonhowtotranslateortransformmaterialsintoausefuldeviceorstructure.
Unit2（3個(gè)）
6.WhatisalsofascinatingaboutvanderWaalsforcesisthattheybeginasinteractionsbetweenatomsandmoleculesthatultimatelyleadtoconsiderableforcesbetweenfineparticlesofanymaterial.
7.Wemakeuseofmetalandceramicpowders(dryorslurries)inprocessingmanyceramicandmetallicmaterialsthroughroutescollectivelyknownaspowderprocessing(Processingtechniqueformetalsinvolvingthesolid-statebondingofafinegrainedpowderintoafullydenseproduct).
8.Wecanaccomplishthisbyintroducinglikechargesontheparticles(electrostaticstabilization)oradsorbingsoaplikesurfactantmoleculesonthesurfacesofparticles(stericstabilization).
Unit3（8個(gè)）
9.TheSi-ObondintheSiO44-structureinabout50percentcovalentand50percentionicaccordingtocalculationsfromPauling’sequation.
10.ThetetrahedralcoordinationofSiO44-satisfiesthedirectionalityrequirementofcovalentbondingandtheradiusratiorequirementofionicbonding.
11.IftwocornersofeachSiO44-tetrahedronarebondedwiththecornersofothertetrahedra,achainorringstructurewiththeunitchemicalformulaofSiO32-results.
12.Silicatesheetstructureformwhenthreecornersinthesameplaneofasilicatetetrahedronarebondedtothecornersofthreesilicatetetrahedra.
13.Themineral['mnrl](礦物的,礦物)kaolinite['kelnat](高嶺石)consists(initspureform)ofeverysmall,flatplatesroughlyhexagonal[hek'sɡnl](六邊的，六角形的)inshape,withtheiraveragesizebeingabout0.7umindiameter[da'mt](直徑)and0.05umthick.
14.Anotherexampleofasheetsilicateisthemineraltalc[tlk](滑石；云母),inwhichasheetofMg3(OH)24+bondswithtwoouter-layerSi2O52-sheets(oneoneachside)toformacomposite['kmpzt](復(fù)合的；合成的)sheetwiththeunitchemicalformula['fmjl](公式,方程式)Mg3(OH)2(Si2O5)2.
15.Crystalline['krst()lan](結(jié)晶的)silicaexistsinseveralpolymorphic[,pl'mfk](多態(tài)的)formsthatcorrespondtodifferentwaysinwhichthesilicatetetrahedralarearrangedwithallcornersshared.
16.Themoststableformsofsilicaandthetemperaturerangesinwhichtheyexistatatmosphericpressurearelowquartz[kwts](石英)below573℃,highquartzbetween573to867℃,hightridymite['trdmat](鱗石英)between867and1470℃,andhighcristobite[kris'tu,blait](方石英)between1470and1710℃.
Unit4（15個(gè)）
17.Pointdefects(點(diǎn)缺陷)arelocalized['lok'lazd](局部的；地區(qū)的；小范圍的)disruptions[ds'rpn](破壞)inotherwiseperfectatomicorionicarrangementsinacrystalstructure.
18.Theseimperfections,maybeintroducedbymovementoftheatomsorionswhentheygainenergybyheating,duringprocessingofthematerial,byintroductionofimpurities,ordoping[dop](摻雜).
19.Animportant"point"aboutpointdefectsisthatalthoughthedefectoccursatoneortwosites,theirpresenceis"felt"overmuchlargerdistancesinthecrystallinematerial.
20.Whenatomsorionsaremissing(i.e.,whenvacanciesarepresent),theoverallrandomness['rndmns](隨意；無(wú)安排；不可測(cè)性)orentropy['entrp](熵)ofthematerialincreases,whichincreasesthethermodynamic[,θmda'nmk](熱力學(xué)的)stabilityofacrystallinematerial.
21.Vacancies['veknsi](空位)playanimportantroleindeterminingtherateatwhichatomsorionscanmovearound,ordiffuse[d'fjuz](彌散,擴(kuò)散)inasolidmaterial,especiallyinpuremetals.
22.Ifweconduct(管理；引導(dǎo)；表現(xiàn))thissintering['sntr](燒結(jié))treatmentinareducingorinertatmosphere(e.g.,hydrogenornitrogen),someoftheoxygenionsfromBaTiOawillleavethematerialintheformofoxygengas.
23.Insomecases,wecanintroducevacanciesatspecificionsitessoastoenhancethemovementofionsinceramicmaterials,whichcanhelpsinterceramics[n'hɑns](提高；加強(qiáng)；增加)atlowertemperatures.
24.Atroomtemperature(~298K),theconcentration[kns()n'tre()n](集中,濃度)ofvacanciesissmall,buttheconcentrationofvacanciesincreasesexponentially[,kspo'nnli](以指數(shù)方式)asweincreasethetemperature,asshownbythefollowingArrheniustypebehavior:
http://m.okwtrl.com erstitial[,nt'st()l](間質(zhì)的；空隙的；填隙的)atomsorions，althoughmuchsmallerthantheatomsorionslocatedatthelattice['lts](晶格；格子)points，arestilllargerthantheinterstitialsitesthattheyoccupy;consequently,thesurroundingcrystalregion['rid()n](范圍)iscompressedanddistorted[ds'trtd](扭曲).
http://m.okwtrl.com erstitialatomssuchashydrogen['hadrd()n](氫)areoftenpresentasimpurities;whereas[wer'z](然而；鑒于；反之)carbonatomsareintentionallyaddedtoirontoproducesteel.
27.Iftherearedislocations(變位；位移；斷錯(cuò))inthecrystalstryingtomovearoundthesetypesofdefects,theyfacearesistancetotheirmotion,makingitdifficulttocreatepermanentdeformation(永久性變形)inmetalsandalloys.
28.Substitutional[,sbst'tjnl](置換)atomsorionsmayeitherbelargerthanthenormalatomsorionsinthecrystalstructure,inwhichcasethesurroundinginter-atomicspacingsarereduced,orsmallercausingthesurroundingatomstohavelargerinter-atomicspacings.
29.Whetheratomsorionsaddedgointointerstitialorsubstitutionalsitesdependsuponthesizeandvalenceofguestatomsorionscomparedtothesizeandvalenceofhostions.
Unit5（10個(gè)）
30.Semiconductors(半導(dǎo)體)whichdonotcontainappreciable['prib()l](可感知的；可評(píng)估的；相當(dāng)可觀(guān)的)levelsofdopantsorimpuritiesareknownasintrinsic[n'trnsk](本質(zhì)的，固有的)semiconductors,WhenweaddsmallconcentrationsofPorBtosiliconcrystal,theseatomsoccupycrystallographic[,krstlɑ'ɡrfk](結(jié)晶的)siteswheresiliconatomsusuallyreside(住，居�。粚儆�).
31.TheresultiseachPatomaddedhasone"extra"electronthatcannotpairwithaSiatomtoformafifthSi-Pbond.
32.Theentiremicroelectronics[,makrlek'trnks]微電子學(xué))industry,asweknowittoday,wouldnotexistifwedidnothaveagoodunderstandingofthediffusionofdifferentatomsintosiliconorothersemiconductors.
33.Strongcovalent[,ko'velnt](共價(jià)的)andionicbondsalongwithmicrostructuralfeaturescontributetotherelativelypoorelectricalconductivityexhibited[g'zbt]bymanyceramics.
34.Theabilityofionstodiffuseandprovideapathwayforelectricalconductionplaysanimportantroleinenablingtheseapplications.
35.Thisisoneofthemajorreasonswhyweusepolyethyleneterephthalate(PET聚對(duì)苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)tomakebottleswhichensurethatthecarbonatedbeverages['bev()rd](飲料)theycontainwillnotloosetheirfizz(興奮，活力；嘶嘶聲；充氣飲料)forareasonableperiodoftime.
36.Inreality,aluminum['ljumnm]oxidizes['ksdaz](氧化)(rusts)moreeasilythaniron.However,thealuminumoxide(Al2O3)formsaveryprotectivebutthincoatingonthealuminum’ssurfacepreventinganyfurtherdiffusionofoxygenandhindering(妨礙)furtheroxidationoftheunderlyingaluminum.
37.Wedistinguish[d'stgw](區(qū)分)betweenthemovementofatoms,molecules['mɑl,kjl],ions,electrons,holes,etc.asaresultofconcentrationgradient['grednt](梯度)andtemperature(diffusion)orsomeotherdrivingforce,suchasgradientsindensity['denst](密度),electricfield,ormagneticfieldgradients.
38.Thisequation來(lái)自，源自于)astatisticalanalysis(統(tǒng)計(jì)分析)oftheprobabilitythattheatomswillhavetheextraenergyQneededtocausemovement.
39.Thedisordervacanciescreate(i.e.,increasedentropy)helpsminimizethefreeenergyand,therefore,enhancethethermodynamicstabilityofacrystallinematerial.
40.Inchapter3,wehaveseenthatformanyceramicswithionicbondingthestructure密集流水)ofanions(陰離子)withcations(陽(yáng)離子；正離子)intheinterstitialsites.
41.Athighertemperatures,thethermal['θm()l](熱的)energysuppliedtothediffusingatomspermitstheatoms活化能)barrierandmoreeasilymovetonewsitesintheatomicarrangements.
Unit6（9個(gè)）
42.Sincemelting,casting,andthermomechanical[,θ:mumi'knikl](熱]熱機(jī)的，[熱]熱機(jī)械的)processingisnotaviable['vabl](可行的；能養(yǎng)活的；能生育的)optionforpolycrystalline[,pɑl'krst'lan](多晶)ceramics,wetypicallyproceceramicsinto
usefulshapesstartingwithceramicpowders.
http://m.okwtrl.com hisprocess,thegreenceramicisheatedtoahightemperature,usingacontrolledheatandatmosphere,sothatadensematerialisobtained.
44.Powdersconsistofparticlesthatarelooselybonded,andpowderprocessinginvolvestheconsolidation[kn,sl'den](鞏固；合并；團(tuán)結(jié))ofthesepowdersintoadesiredshape.
45.Insomecases,verylargepieces(uptoafewfeetindiameterandsixtoeightfeetlong)canbeproducedusingaprocecalledcoldisostaticpressing(CIP冷等靜壓制)wherepressureisappliedusingoil.
46.Similarly,largepiecesofmetalsandalloyscompacted['kmpktid](.壓實(shí)的；壓緊的)usingCIPcanbesinteredunderpressureinaproceknownashotisostaticpressing(HIP熱等靜壓；高溫等靜力壓制).
47.Somerecentinnovative['nvetv](革新的，創(chuàng)新的)processesthatmakeuseofmicrowaves(similartothewayfoodgetsheatedinmicrowaveoven)havealsobeendevelopedforthedryingandsinteringofceramicmaterials.
48.Someceramics,suchassiliconnitride['natrad](氮化物)(Si3N4),areproducedbyreactionbonding(反應(yīng)粘合).
49.Reactionbonding,whichcanbedoneatlowertemperatures,providesbetterdimensional[d'mennl](空間的,尺寸的)controlcomparedwithhotpressing;however,lowerdensitiesandmechanicalpropertiesareobtained.
50.Thismixturehasaclay(粘土)-lakeconsistency[kn'sst()ns](一致性；稠度；相容性),whichisthenfedtoanextruder[k'strud](擠出機(jī)；擠壓機(jī))whereitismixedwellinasheared[d](修剪),deaerated[di'ret](出去空氣),andtheninjected(注入的)intoadie(沖模，鋼模；骰子)whereacontinuousshapeofgreenceramicisproducedbytheextruder.
Unit7（2個(gè)）
51.Thecombinationoftransparency[trn'spr()ns](透明，透明度)andhardneatroomtemperaturealongwithsufficient(足夠的；充分的)strengthandexcellentcorrosion
[k'r()n](腐蝕)resistancetomostnormalenvironmentsmakeglassesindispensableformanyengineeringapplicationssuchasconstructionandvehicleglazing(上釉；玻璃裝配業(yè)).
52.However,inborosilicate[,br'slket]glasses(硼硅酸鹽玻璃)thathaveadditionsofalkali['lkla](堿；可溶性無(wú)機(jī)鹽)and堿土金屬)oxides,BO33-trianglescanbeconverted(轉(zhuǎn)化)toBO44-tetrahedra,withthealkalioralkalineearthcationsprovidingthenecessaryelectroneutrality.
Unit8（14個(gè)）
53.Itreactsrelativelyquicklywithwater,andinnormalPortlandcements(波特蘭水泥，硅酸鹽水泥，普通水泥)isthemostimportantoftheconstituent[kn'sttjnt](成分；選民；委托人)phasesforstrengthdevelopment;atagesupto28days,itisbyfarthemostimportant.
54.Therateatwhichitreactswithwaterappearstobesomewhatvariable,perhapsduetodifferencesincompositionorothercharacteristics,butingeneralishighinitially['n()l](起初的)andloworverylowatlaterages.
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)技術(shù)規(guī)范；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)格)withwhichsuchcements(水泥；膠合劑)mustcomply[km'pla](遵守)aresimilar,butnotidentical[a'dentk()l](同一的；完全相同的),inallcountriesandvariousnamesareusedtodefinethematerials,suchasCla42.5PortlandcementincurrentEuropeanandBritishstandards(42.5istheminimum28-dayscompressivestrengthinMPa),TypeIandIIPortlandcementintheASTM(AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials)specificationsusedinUSA,orOrdinaryPortlandCement(OPC)informerBritishstandards.
56.Standardspecificationsare,ingeneral,basedpartlyonchemicalcompositionorphysicalpropertiessuchasspecificsurfacearea,andpartlyonperformancetests,such
57.ThecontentofMgOisusuallylimitedto4%--5%,becausequantitiesofthiscomponentinexceofabout2%canoccuraspericlase(magnesiumoxide),whichthroughslowreactionwithwatercancausedestructiveexpansionofhardenedconcrete['kkrit](具體物；凝結(jié)物).
58.Manyotherminor['man](次要的,未成年的)componentsarelimitedincontentbytheireffectsonthemanufacturingprocess,ortheproperties,orboth,andinsomecasesthelimitsaredefinedinspecifications.
59.Rapid-hardeningPortlandcementshavebeenproducedinvariousways,suchasvaryingthecompositiontoincreasethealite['eilait](硅酸三鈣石；A-水泥石)content,finergrinding['ɡrand](磨的)oftheclinker['klk](渣塊；煉磚),andimprovementsinthemanufacturingprocess,e.g.,finergrindingorbettermixingoftherawmaterials.
60.ThealitecontentsofPortlandcementshaveincreasedsteadilyovertheoneandahalfcenturiesduringwhichthelatterhavebeenproduced,andmanycementsthatwouldbeconsideredordinarytodaywouldhavebeendescribedasrapidhardeningonlyafewdecadesago.
61.Forbothordinaryandrapid-hardeningcements,bothlowerandupperlimitsmay利用；欺騙；施加影響于againstpoordurability[,djr'blti](耐久性；堅(jiān)固；耐用年限)resultingfromtheuseof
inadequate[n'dkwt](不充分的，不適當(dāng)?shù)?cementcontentsinconcrete.
http://m.okwtrl.com structiveexpansionfromreactionwithsulfates['slfet](硫酸鹽)canoccurnotonlyifthelatterarepresentinexcessive[k'sesv](過(guò)多的，極度的)proportion(比例)inthecement,butalsofromattackonconcretebysulfatesolutions.
63.ThereactioninvolvestheAl2O3-containgingphasesinthehardenedcement,andinsulfate-resistingPortlandcementsitseffectsarereducedbydecreasingtheproportionofthealuminatephase,sometimestozero.
64.ThereactionofPortlandcementwithwaterisexothermic[,eks()'θmk](發(fā)熱的),andwhilethiscanbeadvantageundersomeconditionsbecauseitaccelerateshardening,itisadisadvantageunderothers,suchasintheconstructionoflargedamsorintheliningofoilwells,水泥渣)hastobepumpedoveralargedistanceunderpressureandsometimesatahightemperature.
65.lowerheatevolution[,iv'lu()n](演變；進(jìn)化論；進(jìn)展)canbeachievedbycoarse
[ks](粗糙的)grinding,anddecreasedtotalheatevolutionbyloweringthecontentsofaliteandaluminate.
66.TheASTMspecificationsincludedefinitionsofaTypeIIor“moderateheatofhardening”cement,andamoreextremeTypeIVor“l(fā)owheat”cement.
Unit9（無(wú)）
Unit10（7個(gè)）
http://m.okwtrl.com posites(復(fù)合材料)arecombinationsoftwomaterialsinwhichoneofthematerials,calledthereinforcing[,rin'frs](增強(qiáng)的)phase,isintheformoffibers(纖維),sheets,orparticlesandisembedded[m'bed](栽種,嵌入)intheothermaterial,calledthematrix['metrks](基質(zhì))phase.
68.Ifthecompositeisdesignedandfabricated['fbr,ket](制造，組裝)correctly,itcombinesthestrengthofthereinforcementwiththetoughness(韌性；強(qiáng)��；有粘性)ofthematrixtoachieveacombinationofdesirablepropertiesnotavailableinanysingleconventionalmaterial.
69.Becauseofthevarietyofavailablereinforcementandmatrixmaterials,aswellastheabilitytocombinetheminawiderangeof(體積分量),compositescanbeproducedwithabroadrangeofproperties,notably['notbli](顯著的)['lstk]['mdjls]彈性系數(shù)；彈性模數(shù)),strength,andtoughnecombinations.
70.Acompositeisacombinationofareinforcingphasepresentintheformofparticles,whiskers,orfibersinamatrixthatholdsthediscrete[d'skrit](.離散的，不連續(xù)的)reinforcementpiecestogetherandprovidesthemwithlateralsupport.
71.Manycompositesoccurnaturally。
72.Examplesincludewood,whichessentially(本質(zhì)上；本來(lái))consistsof纖維素纖維)inamatrixofhemicellulose[hem'seljlz](半纖維素)andlignin['lgnn](木質(zhì)素);andbones,whicharecompositesofsoftprotein['prtin](蛋白質(zhì))collagen['kld()n](膠原質(zhì))andhardmineralscalledapatites['ptat](磷灰石).
http://m.okwtrl.com positematerialshavebeendevelopedinresponsetotheneedforman-madematerialswithunusualcombinationsofpropertiessuchashighspecificstrength(i.e.,highstrength-to-densityratio)andstiffness['stfns](僵硬；堅(jiān)硬)inonedirection,oracombinationofhighstrengthandtoughnenotavailablefromanysinglematerial.
PEP新版英語(yǔ)三年級(jí)上冊(cè)1-3單元單詞句子大全
1、寫(xiě)出下面單詞的漢語(yǔ)，并大聲讀單詞三遍。簽字
penpencilpencilboxrulererasercrayonbookbagredyellowgreenbluewhiteblackorangebrownschoolheadfacenosemoutheyeeararmhandlegfootbody2寫(xiě)出下面句子的漢語(yǔ)，并大聲讀句子三遍
Hello,I’mWuYifan.Hi,I’mSarah.Ihavearuler.Ihaveaeraser.Metoo.What’syourname?Myname’sJohn.Goodbye!Bye!Seeyou.MrJones,thisisMissGreen.Goodmorning,MissGreen.Goodmorning.Goodafternoon,WuYifan.Goodafternoon.Iseered.Metoo.Nicetomeetyou.Nicetomeetyou, http://m.okwtrl.com louritbrown!OK!Howareyou?I’mfine,thankyou.Verywell,thanks.Let’sgotoschool!OK!Lookatme.Let’smakeapuppet!Great!Goodidea！Thisismyface.
在四線(xiàn)格中寫(xiě)出26個(gè)字母的大小筆順一遍，再把字母寫(xiě)一遍，正讀三遍。倒讀三遍。