英語感謝技巧

　　心理學研究表明，表達感謝可以顯著提升個人的幸福感和滿足感。當我們對他人的幫助表示感謝時，不僅能夠增強彼此的信任感與親密感，還能夠促進人際關系的良性發展。下面是英語感謝技巧，歡迎參考！

　　[摘要]感謝是指對他人的施惠行為(例如他人給予的幫助和好處等)表示認可、謝意或感激之情，是融洽人與人之間關系的常見禮貌言語行為。大量的研究證明，非母語者在用所學的語言進行交際時，交際雙方往往根據各自母語文化的禮貌規范對其言語行為進行詮釋、表達，而各種文化差異常常會導致語用失誤，甚至產生負面影響。本文對漢英感謝的顯著差異進行探討，以幫助減少或避免我國學生用英語交際時的語用失誤。

　　[關鍵詞]感謝 禮貌 文化差異 語用失誤

　　一、引語

　　感謝是世界各文化都普遍遵循的禮儀，是融洽人與人之間關系的常見言語行為。Searle (1976)將言語行為劃分為五類：闡述類(representatives)，指令類(directives)，表述類(expressives)，承諾類(commisives)和宣告類(declarations)，感謝屬于表述類(表達說話人的某種心理狀態)，指受惠方對他人的施惠行為(例如他人給予的幫助和好處等)表示認可、謝意或感激之情。Leech (1983)從社會功能的角度把言語行為劃分為四類：競爭類(the competitive)，和諧類(the convivial)，協作類(the collaborative)和抵觸類(the conflictive)。感謝屬于convivial(和諧)類。恰當地表達感謝，有助于建立、鞏固良好的人際關系、營造友好和睦的社會氛圍。反之，感謝語使用不當或應該使用時沒有使用，會被視為無禮表現，對人際關系造成負面影響。Brown & Levinson (1987)認為，表達感謝等于承認欠施惠方的情。因此，表達感謝要講究策略。

　　大量的研究證明，在跨文化交際中，不同母語的交際雙方往往會根據各自母語文化中的語言禮貌準則對交際的各方面進行詮釋、理解(Gumperz and Cook-Gumperz，1982)。當非英語母語者用英語和英語母語者交流時，文化差異的語用負遷移可能會引起對非母語者整個品質、形象錯誤的判斷(Kotani，2002)。

　　由于東西方文化差異，漢英感謝存在明顯的差異。因此，有必要對此進行探索，以幫助減少或避免我國學生用英語表達感謝時的語用失誤，乃至對整個形象的負面影響。

　　二、國內外研究

　　1.國外研究

　　Aijmer (1996)利用London-Lund Corpus，Survey of English Usage，the Birmingham Corpus of English Texts 的資料，輔之以作者本人收集的數據，從作用、形式以及策略等方面對感謝進行了詳盡的分析。她認為Thank you的社會作用在于承認或認可從他人(的行為中)得到了好處，即便是很小的好處：如售票員遞票給乘客，銀行職員從柜臺上遞錢給顧客，侍者為顧客端來一杯咖啡等。并把英語中感謝的最基本形式Thank you/thanks的主要作用概括如下：(Thank you/thanks是最基本的詞語，在此基礎上可以進行增補和加強，以顯得更禮貌，如：“Thank you very much indeed”，“Thanks ever so”)

　　ⅰ承認得到好處;

　　ⅱ遞給自己東西，認可得到好處;

　　ⅲ提前表達感謝(如服務，主動提供，許諾等);

　　ⅳ不再需要某人或某人的服務;

　　ⅴ接受會話結束的標志(特別是電話中);

　　ⅵ會話結束(e.g.Eisenstein & Bodman，1986;1993);

　　ⅶ接受主動提供;

　　ⅷ寒暄(如：作為對“how are you”的回答，“fine，thanks”除了寒暄，幾乎沒有什么實際功能，僅僅是讓問話的人感覺舒服而已。

　　ⅸ結合不同的音調，可以表示懊惱，譏諷，挖苦和唐突無禮(e.g.Eisenstein & Bodman，1986;1993;Okamoto & Robinson，1997);

　　消極請求。如：“Thank you for not smoking”——請求聽話者不要抽煙。

　　(根據Aijmer(1996)整理)

　　Thank you/thanks在會話序列中出現的地方不同，作用也不同，如：Thank you 作為會話標志，表示服務的各個階段。在餐館里或售票處，我們可以常常聽見以下的對話(Coulmas，1981)：

　　(情景：售票員遞來車票)

　　Conductor：Thank you.(遞票時)

　　Passenger：Thank you.(接過票時)

　　Conductor：Thank you.(結束對話)

　　Aston (1995)認為在結束會話時的thank you反映了對談話的局部調整，是對所談之事和雙方角色關系的認定。通過比較自然狀態下錄下的為別人提供服務的數據(語言分別為英語和意大利語)，指出跨文化差異在外語教學中的重要性。

　　Okamoto & Robinson (1997)對228人進行現場試驗(不同的情景變量下為受惠者開一大學圖書館的門)和對120個在校大學生進行問卷調查，旨在研究影響英國人表達感謝的因素。 研究發現，受惠者受惠的程度越高，他們通常會越禮貌地表達謝意。研究結果支持Brown and Levinson (1987)的禮貌理論。

　　Coulmas (1981) 首先對西方文化中“感謝”和“道歉”進行對比研究，發現“感謝”和“道歉”都是對前面的話語或情景的回應，有些回答可以同時用于“感謝”和“道歉”，如，

　　(1)A：Thank you so much.B：That’s all right.

　　A：Thanks a lot.B：Not at all.

　　(2)A：Excuse me please. B：That’s all right.

　　A：I’m sorry.B：Not at all.

　　(Coulmas，1981：72)

　　她認為，把“感謝”和“道歉”相連的紐帶是“虧欠(indebtedness)”。而 Aijmer (1996) 認為感謝和道歉根本相似處是兩者都屬于表述性言語行為(表達說話者的一種心理狀態)。Coulmas 然后對日語中的“感謝”和“道歉”進行研究以考察東西方文化的差異，發現日本文化中更常用“道歉”。很多時候，西方文化的學生認為日本人“道歉”得毫無道理，因為他們沒有做錯事情(Kotani，2002)。事實上，在日語里，“道歉”很多時候是用來表達感謝的(e.g.Eisenstein & Bodman，1993)。用道歉的形式，如“Sorry，”“I am sorry”，表示感謝也存在于英語文化中(Okamoto & Robinson，1997)，只是不太普遍而已。

　　Kotani(2002)專門對 “I’m sorry” 進行了研究。通過分析日本人和美國人用英語在自然情景下的錄音對話，作者認為日語中的“sumimasen”，即“I’m sorry”可以用來表達英語中的“感謝”和“道歉”兩個概念，主要強調給施惠方帶來的麻煩和負擔。通過對同日本人有接觸、正在學日語的在校美國大學生的采訪和分析，發現美國人的困惑是難以區分日本人的“I’m sorry”的禮節性的和實質性的道歉。可見，不同文化對“I’m sorry”的不同理解很可能造成誤解。

　　Eisenstein & Bodman(1986;1993)通過自然觀察、書面/口頭問卷和角色模仿等方式，從英語母語者和母語主要為漢語、朝鮮語、日語、俄語和西班牙語、正在美國學習的學生(他們在美國的平均時間為兩年)獲取的數據進行分析研究，發現這些英語水平很高的非英語母語者在受惠程度很高的情景下，找不到合適的言語方式來充分、恰當表達自己的感激之情：不僅表現在語用語言方面，也表現在社會語用方面。其研究結果表明，外語學習者通常只認識到表達感謝的普遍性，沒有意識到跨文化中的重大差異。

　　英語感謝范文 1

dear (bosss name),

　　i appreciated the opportunity to meet with you yesterday about the position of (job title)

　　with (company name).

　　i really enjoyed meeting with members of the office and learning about the job. the entire

　　team certainly seem to be highly skilled and motivated and the work itself seems as

　　rewarding as it is challenging. from our discussion,i gained a strong sense of

　　(company names commitment to their clients and their employees. i also enjoyed our

　　discussion of my opportunities and future within the firm.

　　i feel strongly that i possess the qualities required as a (job title). i believe my education

　　and experiences have prepared me well for a future with you. i eagerly anticipate our next meeting. thank you for considering me for this opportunity.

　　sincerely,

　　(signature)

　　英語感謝范文2

Dear Mary,

　　I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help when I was in difficulty. You have been very kind and helpful since we knew each other.

　　Last week, I caught a bad cold and had to stay at home for a week.

　　When I was worrying about the lessons, you came to my home after school and helped me with every subject. With your help, I didn’t fall behind others.

　　Again, thanks so much for your enthusiastic help. Even though you are to about to go abroad for further education I know that I will always stay in touch with you.

　　I wish you every success in the future and I hope we can exchange more viewpoints on study.

　　Please keep in touch, and drop in and visit us whenever you are in this part of the world.

　　Very sincerely,Li Ming

　　英語感謝范文3

Dear Fans：

　　I am writing this letter to express my heartfelt gratitude to all of you. It is because of your unrelenting support that I have achieved my dreams and made my mark in the world of entertainment. Without your love and devotion, I wouldnt be where I am today.

　　Your unwavering support has been instrumental in helping me grow as an artist. You have been a constant source of inspiration, and your encouragement has kept me going even during the toughest times. I cant thank you enough for being there for me, always.

　　I am humbled by the love that you have shown me through the years. Your kind words, thoughtful gifts, warm messages, and unwavering loyalty have lifted my spirits and given me the confidence to keep pushing forward. Every like, comment, and share on my posts is a testament to your support and it means the world to me.

　　The greatest joy in my life is knowing that I have a community of such amazing people who believe in me and my work. You are the pillars of my success and I cant thank you enough for being my biggest cheerleaders. Every time I step on stage, I am reminded of your love and it fills me with renewed energy.

　　In conclusion, I want to express my deepest gratitude to each and every one of you. Thank you for your constant love, support and encouragement. I promise to work harder every day to live up to your expectations and make you proud.

　　With all my love and appreciation,[Your Name]

　　英語感謝范文4

Dear Mom and Dad，

　　I want to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for everything that you have done for me. As I grow older, I realize that I owe everything to you, and that no amount of appreciation would be enough to compensate for all your sacrifices and hard work.

　　From the very beginning, you supported and encouraged me to pursue my dreams. You never let me doubt my abilities or feel alone in the face of challenges. You devoted countless hours to help me with my homework, drove me to sports practices and music lessons, and cheered for me at every game and concert.

　　Most importantly, you taught me the values of kindness, honesty, and perseverance by setting an example through your own actions. You always went out of your way to help others, even when you had little to spare. You told me the truth, even if it was hard to hear. You never gave up, even when things got tough.

　　Now that I’m older, I can see how much these lessons have shaped my life. They have given me the strength, confidence, and compassion necessary to face the real world. They have also given me a sense of purpose and a desire to make a positive impact on others, just like you did for me.

　　I can’t possibly put into words how grateful I am for all that you have done, but I hope that this letter serves as a small token of my appreciation. Please know that every accomplishment, every milestone, and every joy in my life is a reflection of your love and support.

　　Thank you, Mom and Dad, for being the best parents I could ever ask for. I love you more than words can say.

　　Sincerely

　　[Your Name]

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