交通事故醫學鑒定

時1年，華中科技大學同濟醫學院傷害控制研究中心課題組用數字“說話”：在194例交通事故中，將近70%的乘客受傷是因為沒系安全帶。

這項研究2005年5月啟動。課題組以194例就診的交通事故受傷者為對象，其中乘客受傷132例，全部未系安全帶，造成頭、頸、四肢、胸部受傷。

同濟醫學院教授劉筱嫻近日介紹，交通事故中若未系安全帶而受傷，七成受傷者需要住院治療，住院費用多在2萬元左右，最高的達10萬元。

不少坐在副駕駛座的乘客存在誤區：城區行駛車速較低，不需要系安全帶，何況還有安全氣囊“護衛”。醫學專家表示，一般交通事故發生時，人的反應時間以微秒計算，就算此時配有安全氣囊，也來不及完全打開，沒有安全帶“配合”，保護作用有限。

Objective:To briefly introduce the increase in the number of motor vehicles in our country and main research advances of traffic medicine.Methods:To collect the relative data issued by government and the pa-pe-rs pulished in the newspa-pe-rs or medical journals,and analyze them with combination of our own research work. Results:1.The number of motor vehicles in our country in 1997 was 680.02 times more than that in 1951,and increases t 42.0932 million from 1.5887 million over the past two decades(1978-1997)since the reform and opening,with net increase of 40.5045 million,increasing about 25 times.During the same period,the number of motorcycles increased to 20.2221 million from 104.3 thousand,increasing about 193 times.There were 4.4 hundred million bicycles,accounting for one third or the total world wide,Over 30% to 50% of eople in cities used bicycles as their transport tool when they go out.2.In the 1990's (9190 to 1997),the number of motor vehicles increased 1.85 times,while road traffic accidents(RATs) only increased 0.22 times,the deaths and the injuries 0.5 and 0.23 times only,respectively,indicating that the increasing tendency of RTAs and casualties was controlled to some extent.3.The prople of 21 to 45 years old were dominant among all casualties.The sequence of deaths in order was pedestrians(26.5%),vehicle drivers(24.8%),passengers(24.3%),bicyclists(18.4%)and others (6.1%).4.Concerning the accident causes,human faults accounted for 92.9%,83.6% of RTAs wre due to the faults of motor vehicle drivers,and 1.5% of RTAs were due to driving after drinking with deaths occupying 2.9% of the total.5.Proneneto RTSs:6%-8% of motor vehical drivers had proneneto RTA,causing 35%-40% fo the totoal RTAs.6.Various bio-impact machines were developed.The maximum impact velocity could reach 324 km/h.They can be used to induce impact injuries on different animals,at different patterns and even on different regions of body.7.The inflicting mechanisms for cranioserebral and chest impact injuries were investigated.Conclusions:1.With the rapid development of the economy and sharp increase of motor vehicles in China,RTAs also accordingly increase.The traffic administration and road construction,although being greatly improved,are still behind the increase of motor vehicles,which contradiction is still difficults resolved to update.2.In the next centrury,we should establish national database of traffic injuries,improve national emergency medical services system(EMSS)and the safety consciousneof road users,and comprehensively govern RTAs and traffic accident injuries.

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