2015年考研答案

A]The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out: consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption on 1995 to 35% in 2000 and is expected to approach 38% by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5% a year as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternation.

[B]Retail, sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retails have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion aboard. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.

[C]Will such variations bring about a change in overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide. What to buy. At any rate, this change and international consumers, regardleof how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.

[D]All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rank in substantial profits thereby. At last, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest nation market especially in their customer segment and wholesale structures, a as well as the competitive dynamics.

[E]Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined---France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores, which, unlike large retail chains are too small to buy straight when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurants and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures when assed together, mask two opposing trends.

[F]for example, wholesale food and drink sales came to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000 --- more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail ; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often ;and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last ma-ki-ng it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.

[G]However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large food producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, foe those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap 46. 參考譯文：科學家們趕緊拿出某些明顯站不住腳的證據前來救駕，大致說的是如果鳥兒不能控制害蟲的話，害蟲就會把我們吃掉。

句子的主干是“scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence”. 后接that 引導的同位語從句。 “to the effect ”是“大致意思是，大概是說的意思 ”。

句子結構整體不難，但隱藏著一些有難度的單詞和短語，比如“jump to the rescue, distinct，shaky。 此句難度不大

47. 參考譯文：但是我們至少已經幾乎承認了這樣一種觀點：那就是鳥兒的生存是它們的固有權利，不管它對我們是否有經濟利益。

句子整體結構是一個that引導的賓語從句。

句子整體結構相對簡單。

48.參考譯文：曾幾何時，生物學家總是重述以下的這條證據：這些生物是為了維持食物鏈的正常運行去捕食弱小的生物或“沒有價值的物種”。

需要注意的是Time was when，應翻譯成曾幾何時，是一個固定搭配。

49. 參考譯文：在生態林業較為先進的歐洲，沒有成為商業化對象的樹種被視為原始森林群落的成員適當地加以保護。

句子的'主干是“the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community”，是一個被動語態。句子開頭是一個where引導的定語從句，to be preserved是修飾noncommercial tree species的成分。

需要注意的是within reason和native forest community，是兩個固定搭配

此句結構不難，但分析起來比較復雜。

50．參考譯文：他容易忽視并最終消滅很多缺乏商業價值的物種，然而這些物種對于整個生物群落的健康運行是至關重要的。

句子的主干很簡單，即“it tends to ignore and eliminate many elements”. 后接that引導的兩個定語從句，但先行詞都是elements。 翻譯時可先將主干翻譯出來，然后將第一個定于從句嵌在主干中，but后的定語從句分開翻譯。

這句話翻譯起來相對簡單，結構不復雜。

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