SAT寫作攻略之細(xì)節(jié)處理和修辭方法
評卷人想要通過你的作文了解你對英語的掌握能力。這是SAT論文的目的之一。在如此短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，考生需要構(gòu)思并完成一篇能夠展現(xiàn)你語言功夫的文章著實(shí)不易。而之前我們講過如何寫開頭和主體，但是這不夠。今天我們就來看看如何通過一些細(xì)節(jié)來展示你的語言掌握能力。
上篇文章中我們提到過：任何你在文章中提到的論點(diǎn)都要用至少一個(gè)論據(jù)來支撐。這個(gè)論據(jù)是否真實(shí)（當(dāng)然，一眼就能看出是瞎編的論據(jù)除外），重要的是論據(jù)是否能夠在邏輯上合理地支撐論點(diǎn)�？忌鷤兺鶗�(huì)陷入一個(gè)誤區(qū)：只是簡單的陳述觀點(diǎn)，而不予以相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)用以證明觀點(diǎn)。
不正確：Increased amounts of consumer spending and materialism lead to more greed and government corruption. Also, materialism can lead to social problems.
正確：When people spend more money and become more materialistic, they tend to become greedier and more selfish. I remember how my aunt went on a shopping spree after she fell into a windfall of money in the form of my grandpa's will. She became angry, violent, and unpleasant. Imagine how people in positions of power take to such increases in spending - they become more powerful and less mindful of their vulnerability, seeking additional wealth and participating in corrupt activities.
很明顯，第一個(gè)例子的.長度比起第二個(gè)例子的長度短得多。你也許會(huì)問：所謂的語言的簡潔性呢？不能只是簡短的說明或稱述嗎？當(dāng)然，你可以讓你的文章具有簡潔性，但是這只是在斟詞酌句的時(shí)候考慮的事。把文章應(yīng)該含有的細(xì)節(jié)或是論據(jù)省去一定是不可取的。就像在上面的兩個(gè)例子，因?yàn)榈诙䝼�(gè)例子給予的細(xì)節(jié)給多，所以更具閱讀性，所以評卷人給第二篇文章的分?jǐn)?shù)很可能就要多1、2分。
一旦你掌握了論據(jù)對于文章的重要性，你就可以通過各種修辭手法來展現(xiàn)你的語言功底。
如何展現(xiàn)語言功底？看看下面的建議你就知道了。
Figurative language 修辭手法：明喻、暗喻、夸張等等一系列的修辭手法一定是一篇文章的加分點(diǎn)。但是如果你不清楚這些修辭手法到底是什么，那么你有必要查一查了來了解一下。讓我們看下面這個(gè)例子：“I came home because I was very tired.”這句子未免太乏味了。讓我們來加一個(gè)明喻： “I came home, tired as an old winless greyhound dog.”這兩個(gè)句子表達(dá)的意思相同，但是通過一個(gè)比喻，卻顯得更為的生動(dòng)形象。接著，我們把這個(gè)意思用夸張手法來表達(dá)：“I dragged my toes the entire way home, tired as an old winless greyhound dog.”顯而易見，這樣講需要表達(dá)的意思更加生動(dòng)地表達(dá)了出來。
Complex sentence structure復(fù)雜的句式：運(yùn)用復(fù)雜的句式同樣也能為你加分�？纯聪旅孢@個(gè)句子：“ We sent Tyler to his room.”這就足夠了嗎？這只是個(gè)簡單句而已。要是我們加上一個(gè)從句效果會(huì)怎樣呢？我們來看看：“ We sent Tyler to his room when he threw a tantrum.”現(xiàn)在這個(gè)句子傳達(dá)的信息點(diǎn)明顯增多了。更重要的是，這就是評卷人想看到的。這兩個(gè)句子的區(qū)別就是添加了一個(gè)從句。（“We sent Tyler to his room”/ “when he threw a tantrum”），而這個(gè)從句正好為主句提供了更多的信息并且進(jìn)一步解釋了主句。
Effective Parallel Structure 排比句式：你應(yīng)該記住ISE/IS課程中的排比結(jié)構(gòu)并且把它運(yùn)用到寫作上。排比如果用得好，會(huì)讓文章顯得格外有力。舉個(gè)例子：“I know many people think the mentally ill are just lazy or can really help themselves, but let me give you a few examples why they are helpless. My grandmother cannot even bathe herself. Also, my best friends mom can't hold a job for more than a few days because she is so mentally ill.”這樣的陳述是讓閱讀者感到很乏味的。但是我們可以運(yùn)用排比句式來稍作修改：“ I know many people think the mentally ill are lazy and can really help themselves, but when you have seen my friend's mom struggling to hold a job, when you have seen my grandmother fumbling to bathe herself, when you have seen war-torn veterans lying on the street as drug addicts, then you will understand their suffering.”
Formal register：當(dāng)然，這并不是SAT拿高分的硬性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。拿12分的考生的作文中，也有很多是非正式寫作。但是，通常情況下，非正式寫作都不是考生的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)。這個(gè)時(shí)候，寫正式點(diǎn)的文章對你來說無疑使更好的選擇。所以，你應(yīng)該更多的使用“WE”和“ONE”而不是“I”和“YOU”而不是。同樣，你也應(yīng)該避免個(gè)人感情的流露或者是以個(gè)人經(jīng)歷來引出相關(guān)論證。舉個(gè)例子：“When I was young, my dog died and I asked if there was a doggy heaven.”這是不正確的，同樣不推薦的還有：“When one is young, one's dog could die and one may wonder if there exists some kind of heaven for dogs.”這種我們稱作為過于學(xué)究式的：也就是太過學(xué)術(shù)或泰國正式。你應(yīng)該采取折中的辦法：“Many children experience the death of a pet and wonder if there really is a heaven for dogs.”
當(dāng)然，這些都是一些兒小建議。但是這些小建議必然能助力你的SAT寫作。通過這些方式，你不僅僅能表達(dá)你的觀點(diǎn)，并且能展示出你對語言極佳的運(yùn)用能力。祝你考試的時(shí)候好運(yùn)！
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