as 引導的定語從句

　　as引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句。

　　1.as 引導限定性定語從句

　　as引導限定性定語從句，主要用在such... as（正如）和the same as（正像）的結構中，可代替表人或物的先行詞，注：在same... as結構中as也可用that代替。

　　A.There is such an unforgettable experience as they have.

　　他們有著如此難忘的經(jīng)歷。（此such... as 結構中，as后的句子修飾限定experience，as作賓語）

　　B.Nobody will obey such a rule as prevents us from free.

　　沒有人會遵守這項阻止我們追求自由的規(guī)定（as 在這里作主語）

　　C.I have never seen such a beautiful girl as she is.

　　我從來沒有見過像她這樣漂亮的女孩。（as 在此處作is 后的表語）

　　D.This is the same name as I have heard.

　　這個名字和我之前聽過的一樣。（as作賓語）

　　2.as引導非限定性定語從句

　　as引導非限定性定語從句時可放在主句之前，也可位于主句之后，當然也可放在句中。此時修飾的是整個主句，并對其進行說明。通常在as之前有逗號。

　　A.Thanksgiving day has been a international festival,as we know.

　　正如我們所知道的那樣，感恩節(jié)已經(jīng)成為了一個國際性的`節(jié)日。（as引導的從句修飾前面的主句，放在句后）

　　B.As is a successful man,he makes a brilliant speech.

　　他正如一個成功男士發(fā)表精彩的講話。（as引導的句子放在句前，作主語）

　　定語從句中as的用法

　　1.準關系代詞as引導限制定語從句，用于以下3個結構中，as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語：

　　a.so / such…as

　　Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. (as作主語)

　　I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is. (as作表語)

　　Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an (= such a difficult) examination problem as none of us worked out.

　　b.the same…as

　　Modern statemen are often faced with the same problem as defeated the ancient Romans. (as 作賓語)

　　I like the same book as you do. (as 作賓語)

　　c.as…as

　　As many children as came were given some cakes. (as 作主語)

　　He is as diligent a man as ever lived. (as 作主語)

　　補充：

　　a.such…as 與 such…that的區(qū)別

　　such…as 引導定語從句；such…that引導結果狀語從句。

　　They talked in such simple English as children could understand.

　　他們用孩子們能聽懂的簡單的英語交談。

　　They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.

　　他們用十分簡單的英語交談，連孩子們都能聽懂。

　　I will provide you with such things as you may need.

　　我要供給你一些你可以用得著的東西。

　　He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.

　　他如此用力地關門，結果玻璃碎了。

　　b.the same…as與the same…that的區(qū)別：

　　the same…as指兩物相似，the same..描述的是同一物。

　　This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.

　　這個書包和我昨天丟失的（書包）相似。（相似物）

　　This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.

　　這正是我昨天丟失的那個書包。（同一物）

　　2.準關系代詞as引導非限制定語從句。

　　a.as引導非限制性定語從句，只代表主語或主句的一部分所表達的意思(不能指代某個名詞或代詞)，可以放在主句前，后或中間，在從句中作主語或賓語、例如：

　　As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. (as指代整個句子，作主語，置于句首)

　　He opposed the idea, as could be expected. (as 指代整個句子，作主語，置于句末)

　　As we all know, he studies very hard. (as 指代整個句子，作賓語，置于句首)

　　Tai is, as you know, an inseparable part of China. (as指代整個句子，作賓語，置于句中)

　　常用的這類句式有：

　　as is said above 綜上所述 - as is known to all 眾所周知

　　as is often the case 通常如此 - as is reported in the newspaper 如報紙所報導的

　　b.主句具有否定意義，as引導的定語從句位于主句之后時，as指代得主句不包括否定意義，并可用but取代。例如：

　　Whales are now fish, as some people think / but some people think they are.

　　I am no orator, as Brutus is.我不善言詞,而勃魯特斯卻是個雄辯家.

　　Spiders are notinsects,as many people think, nor even near1y related to them.

　　蜘蛛不是昆蟲,盡管許多人認為它是昆蟲,它甚至與昆蟲幾乎沒有關系.

　　但as引導的定語從句謂語主句前時，as指代的主句仍包括否定意義。

　　As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.

　　正如前面所說的，語法不是一套死條紋。

　　3.在非限制性定語從句中，which和as引導定語從句時的區(qū)別：

　　a.which引導的從句不能放在主句前，而as引導的從句則既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。

　　b.用能做關系代詞，as和which都可以指代一個句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which則沒有此含義。

　　He is a foreigner, as I know from his accent. (as指代一個句子，意為“正如”、“就像”)

　　He has to work on Sunday, which he doesn’t like. (which指代一個句子，沒有“正如”、“就像”)

　　c.當從句的謂語動詞是be或相當于聯(lián)系動詞的seem, become等時，可用as或which作主語。但當從句的謂語是行為動詞時，只能用which作主語。

　　4.as 可用作連詞，引導狀語從句，構成省略形式“as + 過去分詞”這一特殊結構，譯成漢語時作用如定語。例如：

　　The bridge as shown in the picture is really wonderful. (as shown = as it is shown 可譯為“圖中的橋”)

　　See the answers as given at the end of this book. (as given = as it is shown 可譯為“書后給出的答案”)

　　English as spoken is Australia is slightly different from British English.

　　(as spoken = as it is spoken 可譯為“在澳大利亞講得英語”)

　　請看下列的“as + 過去分詞”結構用于修飾前面的名詞：

　　The study as described in the article… 如文章中描述的那種學習

　　The program as conducted by… 由…指揮的（指導的）節(jié)目

　　The art as applied to medicine… 應用于醫(yī)學的藝術

　　The products as seen on TV…電視上看到得產(chǎn)品