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英語中什么叫定語從句

　　英語語法是針對英語語言進行研究后,系統地總結歸納出來的一系列語言規則.下面小編為大家帶來英語中什么叫定語從句,希望大家喜歡!

英語中什么叫定語從句

　　英語中什么叫定語從句篇1

　　概念

　　被修飾的詞叫先行詞.定語從句不同于單詞作定語的情況,它需要放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后.定語從句一般由關系代詞來引導.關系代詞必須放在定語從句之首.定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞.定語從句通常出現在先行詞之后,由關系詞(關系代詞或關系副詞)引出.

　　關系代詞引導的定語從句

　　關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分.關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致.

　　1)who, whom, that

　　這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:

　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

　　他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

　　他就是我昨天見的那個人.(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

　　2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:

　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙.

　　Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書.

　　3)which, that

　　它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:

　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農村出現了前所未有的'繁榮.(which / that在句中作主語)

　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作賓語)

　　關系副詞引導的定語從句

　　關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語.

　　1)when, where, why

　　關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用,例如:

　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候.

　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地.

　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

　　2)that代替關系副詞

　　that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如:

　　His father died the year (that / when / on which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了.

　　He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方.

　　英語中什么叫定語從句篇2

　　定語從句:一個簡單句跟在一名詞或代詞后(先行詞)進行修飾限定,就叫做定語從句.在主句中充當定語成分.被修飾的詞叫先行詞.定語從句不同于單詞作定語的情況,它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后.

　　【關系詞的特定選擇】

　　1、只用that不用which

　　1)當先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞、最高級,關系詞用that.

　　2)當先行詞既有人又有物時,用that.

　　3)當先行詞帶有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等詞時,用that.

　　4)當主句中有who或which時,為避免重復用that.

　　5)當先行詞為something,anything,nothing,none,no,little,much,all等不定代詞時用that.

　　2、只用who不用that

　　1)如果先行詞是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one時用who

　　2)當先行詞指人并含有較長的后置定語從句或在被分割的定語從句中時.

　　3、只用which不用that

　　1)當主句先行詞后有介詞時,用which.例:This is the one of which I'm speaking.

　　2)非限定性定語從句,用which.

　　3) 描述句中一般用which.例:Beijing,which was China's capital for more than 800years.

　　4)those +復數名詞之后,多用which .例:Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best.

　　5)先行詞本身是that時,用which.

　　英語中什么叫定語從句篇3

　　一、定語從句的引導詞有關系代詞who,whom,whose,which,that,as;關系副詞when,where,why.定語從句中引導詞的選用主要看先行詞在定語從句中作什么成分或者是定語從句中缺什么成分.

　　1．定語從句中缺主語,修飾人時用who ／that,修飾物時用which ／that引導.如:

　　Is this the factory which ／that makes TV sets?

　　The man who ／that visited our school is from Australia．

　　2．從句中缺賓語,修飾人時用 who ／whom ／that或省略引導詞;修飾物時用which ／that或省略引導詞.如:

　　Gone are the days which ／that we spent together in the village．

　　He is the man who ／whom ／that I think to be worthy of our praise．

　　3．從句中缺時間狀語,用when或介詞＋which引導.如:

　　The day finally came when ／on which I was given a job．

　　We'll put off the outing until next week,when we won't be so busy．

　　4．從句中缺地點狀語,用where或介詞＋which引導.如:

　　Please put the letter on the desk where ／on which he can easily find it．

　　5．從句中缺原因狀語或先行詞是 reason時,引導詞用why ／for which ／ that.如:

　　This is the reason why ／for which ／ that he didn't come to the meeting．

　　6．從句中缺定語,人和物都用 whose引導.如:

　　A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan．

　　Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black．

　　7．當先行詞是way時,其定語從句的引導詞用in which ／that.如:

　　The way in which ／that he looks at problems is wrong．

　　二、引導詞as可引導限制性定語從句,也可引導非限制性定語從句.

　　1．在固定詞組the same．．．as,such．．．as中,as引導限制性定語從句.如:

　　He is not such a fool as he looks．

　　I've bought the same dress as she is wearing．

　　2．當先行詞是整個主句時,可用 as ／which引導非限制性定語從句.引導詞as和which的區別在于:

　　①as引導的非限制性定語從句可放于主句前、主句中、主句后,而which引導的非限制性定語從句一般放于主句后或句中.

　　②as常與從句中的know,see,hear,expect等動詞連用,也常用于as often happens,as is often the case(常有的事)等句子中;而which一般不用于以上情況.

　　③as有“正如”的含義,which沒有此含義.如:

　　As is well known,Shanghai is a big city．

　　Some of the roads were flooded,which made our journey more difficult．

　　三、關系代詞who,whom,whose,which和as能引導非限制性定語從句,而that不能;非限制性定語從句中即使缺賓語,引導詞也不能省略;關系副詞when,where能引導非限制性定語從句,而why不能.如:

　　Abraham Lincoln,who led the United States through the Civil War years,was shot on April 14,1865．

　　四、先行詞是物時,其引導詞可用 which也可用that,通常情況下二者可互換,但在有些情況下不能.

　　1．用which不用that引導定語從句的三種情況:

　　①非限制性定語從句用which,不用that引導.如:

　　Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world．

　　②先行詞為that時,為了避免重

　　復,定語從句用which不用that引導.如:

　　That which you borrowed from me wasn't a real diamond necklace．

　　③介詞后用which不用that引導.如:

　　The method with which you solved the problem is very good．

　　2．用that不用which的七種情況:

　　①先行詞前有形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾時,用 that不用which引導.如:

　　This is the best place that I have ever visited．

　　The second question that is asked is why we don't fall off the earth．

　　②先行詞為little,much,all,none,few,(the)one,something,everything,nothing,anything等不定代詞時,用that引導.如:

　　There is nothing in the world that can frighten him．

　　③先行詞既有指人的名詞又有指物的名詞時,用 that引導.如:

　　He told us about the people and the cities that he had visited．

　　④先行詞前有any,all,no,few,every,some,little,much,(the)very,(the)only,(the)last等詞修飾時,用 that引導.如:

　　This is the very coat that I need．

　　Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn?

　　⑤先行詞為which時,為了避免重復,用that引導.如:

　　Which is the book that you bought yesterday?

　　⑥先行詞在從句中作表語時,常用that引導.如:

　　Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be in the 1930's．

　　⑦當主句是There be．．．句型時,用that引導.

　　There are two tickets for the film that are for you two．

　　五、在“one of＋復數名詞＋定語從句”結構中,從句的謂語動詞應與復數名詞保持一致;當one前有the only修飾時,從句的謂語動詞應與the only one保持一致.如:

　　He was one of the students who were late for class．

　　He was the only one of the students who was late for class．

　　六、引導詞前有介詞或短語介詞時,修飾人只能用 whom,修飾物只能用which引導.如:

　　My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke．

　　The man,by whom the wolf was shot,is called Jackson．

　　英語中什么叫定語從句篇4

　　定語從句公式

　　定語從句=先行詞+關系詞+從句

　　先行詞

　　指被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞或句子.

　　一般先行詞出現在定語從句的前面.

　　關系詞

　　關系詞常有3個作用:

　　①連接作用,連接主句和定語從句.

　　②指代先行詞.

　　③在定語從句中擔當成分.

　　注:關系代詞有主語、賓語、定語之分.一般who做主語或其賓格形式的whom做賓語(whom作賓語時可省略),whose作為定語(whose不可省略).關系代詞在從句中作主語,賓語,定語等,關系副詞在從句中作地點狀語(where),時間狀語(when),原因狀語(why).

　　定語

　　定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞,是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(動詞不定式短語、動名詞表示的)漢語中常用“……的”表示.主要由形容詞擔任,此外,名詞、代詞、數詞、分詞、副詞、不定式以及介詞短語也可以來擔任,也可以由一個句子來擔任.單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語.短語、從句作定語時則放在所修飾的詞之后,作后置定語.

　　被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞稱為先行詞.如“the girl”,“the book”

　　如:She is the girl who likes singing. 她就是那個喜歡唱歌的女孩.

　　這就是一個定語從句.

　　限定性定語從句

　　意義:

　　限定性定語從句對被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確.限制性定語從句不能被省略,否則句意就不完整,例如I met some one who said he knows you.

　　在引導限定性定語從句時,that有時相當于in which,at which,for which或on which

　　(1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人們對白日做夢的態度正在改變,這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處.

　　(2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂,而他恰恰與我相反.

　　(3)We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 剛好我們到的那天他們走了.

　　在限定性定語從句中,當關系代詞在從句中擔任動詞賓語時,關系代詞可省略.

　　(1)The book (that/ which) I am reading is very interesting. 我在讀的書很有趣.

　　(2)Is there anything (that) you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎?

　　非限定性定語從句意義:

　　非限定性定語從句起補充說明作用,缺少也不會影響全句的理解.在非限制性定語從句的前面往往有逗號隔開,如

　　(1)The house,which I bought has a lovely garden. 我買的房子帶著個漂亮的花園.

　　(2)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本我已經讀過三遍的小說很感人.

　　1.非限定性定語從句可將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾,這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數,例如:

　　(1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒抓住我的意思,這使我心煩.

　　(2)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態水變為蒸汽,這就叫做蒸發.