定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞that
關(guān)系副詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中是如何使用的呢?同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)了哪些知識(shí)?
that可用作關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句嗎
在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),that通常用作關(guān)系代詞,它在定語(yǔ)從句中主要用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。但事實(shí)上,that有時(shí)也可用作關(guān)系副詞,在意義和用法上與關(guān)系副詞相同。
如世界知識(shí)出版社出版的《薄冰高級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》認(rèn)為:that有時(shí)亦可用作表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞,相當(dāng)于when。該書還指出:下面一些說(shuō)法都對(duì),但①最為正式,⑦最為非正式:
①The day on which she arrived was Thursday.她到的那天是星期四。
②The day which she arrived on was Thursday.
③The day that she arrived on was Thursday.
④The day she arrived on was Thursday.
⑤The day when she arrived was Thursday.
⑥The day that she arrived was Thursday.
⑦The day she arrived was Thursday.
⑧When she arrived was Thursday.
又如外文出版社與商務(wù)印書館聯(lián)合出版的`柯林斯系列語(yǔ)法著作《英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法系列——連詞》認(rèn)為:有時(shí)可以用on the day、at the moment或the first time之類的短語(yǔ)加上that-關(guān)系從句代替連接when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。該觀點(diǎn)的言外之意就是:on the day、at the moment或the first time后接that從句是關(guān)系從句(即我們通常說(shuō)的定語(yǔ)從句),但on the day that、at the moment that或the first time that在意義上相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
再如Michael Swan著的《英語(yǔ)用法指南》(Practical English Usage)認(rèn)為,在the day后面用when或that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句都有可能。該書給出的例句是:
Tuesday was (the day) when / that Jake went to London to see Colin.星期二就是杰克去倫敦看科林的日子。
很顯然這個(gè)例句所包括的可能有:
Tuesday wasthe day thatJake went to London to see Colin.星期二就是杰克去倫敦看科林的日子。
Tuesday wasthe day whenJake went to Londonto see Colin.星期二就是杰克去倫敦看科林的日子。
Tuesday waswhenJake went to London to see Colin.星期二就是杰克去倫敦看科林的日子。(句中的when引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句)
定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞能不能由that代替
在非正式文體中,表示時(shí)間的普通名詞后面的 when 常常由 that 來(lái)替代或省略。
Come and see usany time (that)you're in town. 你什么時(shí)候進(jìn)城,就來(lái)看望我們吧。
I'll never forgetthe day (that)we met. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們見(jiàn)面的那一天。
That wasthe year (that)I first went abroad. 那一年是我第一次出國(guó)。
somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere 和 place 后面的 where 也常常由 that 來(lái)代替或省略(但其他詞不行)。
Have you gotsomewhere (that)I can lie down for an hour? 你有沒(méi)有什么地方可以讓我躺下來(lái)休息一個(gè)小時(shí)?
We need a place (that) we can stay for a few days. 我們需要一個(gè)可以暫住幾天的地方。
(但不能說(shuō):We need a house we can stay for a few days.)
在非正式文體中,way 后面的 in which 可以用 that 替代或省略。
I didn't likethe way (that)she spoke to me. 我不喜歡她對(duì)我書店方式。
Do you knowa way (that)you can earn money without working? 你知不知道有什么辦法可以不工作就賺到錢?
這種方法同樣適用于 reason 后面的 why。
The reason (that)you're so bad-tempered is that you're hungry. 你脾氣不好是因?yàn)槟沭I了。
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