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the way引導(dǎo)的定語從句

時間:2022-03-25 15:59:26 英語 我要投稿

the way引導(dǎo)的定語從句

  用來修飾句子中的名詞或代詞或其短語的從句,就叫做定語從句。以下是小編為大家整理的the way引導(dǎo)的定語從句相關(guān)內(nèi)容,僅供參考,希望能夠幫助大家。

  (一)the way作先行詞,后接定語從句

  以下3種表達都是正確的。例如:“我喜歡她笑的樣子。”

  1. the way+ in which +從句:I like the way in which she smiles.

  2. the way+ that +從句:I like the way that she smiles.

  3. the way + 從句(省略了in which或that):I like the way she smiles.

  上述句子都正確,意思也完全相同。但是,the way之后用in which引導(dǎo)的定語從句最為正式;省略了that或in which是最自然、最常用的表達;然而,the way之后用that引導(dǎo)定語從句,最不常見。

  注意,在先行詞the way之后不用how。因為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞是that而不是how,因此,《現(xiàn)代英語慣用法詞典》中所給出的下面兩個句子是錯誤的:

  This is the way how it happened.

  This is the way how he always treats me.

  (二)the way的語義

  1. the way=as(像)

  Please do it the way I’ve told you.請按照我告訴你的那樣做。

  I'm talking to you just the way I'd talk to a boy of my own.我和你說話就像和自己孩子說話一樣。

  Plant need water the way they need sun light. 植物需要水就像它們需要陽光一樣。

  2. the way=how(怎樣,多么)

  No one can imagine the way he misses her.沒人能夠想象出他是多么想念她!

  I want to find out the way a volcano has formed.我想弄清楚火山是怎樣形成的。

  He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated.他因遭受如此待遇而怒火滿腔。

  That’s the way she speaks.她就是那樣講話的。

  3. the way=according as (根據(jù))

  The way you answer the questions, you must be an excellent student.從你回答問題來看,你一定是名優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生。

  The way most people look at you, you'd think a trashman was a monster.從大多數(shù)人看你的目光中,你就知道垃圾工在他們眼里是怪物。

  The way I look at it, it’s not what you do that matters so much.依我看,重要的`并不是你做什么。

  I might have been his son the way he talked.根據(jù)他說話的樣子,好像我是他的兒子一樣。

  One would think these men owned the earth the way they behave.他們這樣行動,人家竟會以為他們是地球的主人。

  The boy must be a stranger here, the way he looks into the shop windows.根據(jù)男孩向商店櫥窗張望德樣子,看來他一定是這里的陌生人。

  4.the way=because(因為)

  No wonder that girl looks down upon me, the way you encourage her.難怪那個女孩看不起我, 原來是你慫恿的。

  How silly she is, the way she asks questions about this and that!她不斷地問這問那,顯得好不愚蠢!

  5. the way=that(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)

  It was boring the way he kept complaining to his wife.他一直向他妻子抱怨令人心煩。

  It was shameful the way she was treated. 她竟然受到那樣的對待,太不象話了。

  It's a crime the way he bullies his children. 像他那樣欺負(fù)自己的孩子真缺德。

  拓展:定語重句講解

  一、定義

  用來修飾句子中的名詞或代詞或其短語的從句,就叫做定語從句。其實,就是拿句子來做名詞、代詞或是其短語的定語。如:

  It's a book.

  I bought the book yesterday.

  以上兩句話中,都有book一詞,所以可以用定語從句把兩句話連起來。即:

  It's the book that I bought yesterday.

  這句話中that引導(dǎo)的I bought yesterday就是一個定語從句,用來修飾the book。

  二、兩個概念

  要想學(xué)好定語從句,得先弄清楚兩個基本概念,即:先行詞和關(guān)系詞。

  (一)先行詞

  所謂先行詞,就是指定語從句所修飾的成分。這個名稱倒是挺形象的,為什么?因為先行詞永遠出現(xiàn)在定語從句的前面,總是先走一步的,呵呵!

  (二)關(guān)系詞

  所謂關(guān)系詞,就是指用來連接定語從句的詞語。關(guān)系詞可以分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。需要注意的是,關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞都要在從句中充當(dāng)成分的,所以是不可或缺的,盡管當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時,經(jīng)常可以省略(本文會繼續(xù)講到這個情況)。

  我們在來看一下在第一節(jié)里出現(xiàn)的句子:

  It's the book that I bought yesterday.

  句中的the book就是先行詞,被后面的從句I bought yesterday所修飾。而that就是關(guān)系代詞,用來連接I bought yesterday,同時又在從句作bought的賓語,而且可以省略。

  定語從句的學(xué)習(xí),其實就是有關(guān)根據(jù)先行詞的特點選擇合適的關(guān)系詞的學(xué)習(xí)。

  三、分類

  按照定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系緊密與否,可以分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。

  (一)限定性定語從句

  限定性定語從句對先行詞起著修飾限定作用,是不可或缺的。如:

  These are the apples that/which they sent us two days ago.

  (二)非限定性定語從句

  非限定性定語從句對先行詞起著補充說明作用,可要可不要。非限定性定語從句都會被逗號與先行詞隔開。如:

  They have to walk to the South Pole, which is out of a plane's reach.

  【注意】

  1、當(dāng)先行詞具有唯一性的時候,就只能采用非限定性定語從句,否則就會產(chǎn)生歧義或誤解。如:

  限定性定語從句:His wife who is now in Paris is one of my old classmates.

  非限定性定語從句:His wife, who is now in Paris, is one of my old classmates.

  因為限定性定語從句對先行詞起著修飾限定作用,所以具有特指功能,所以第一句中的限定性定語從句意味著是特指他在巴黎的妻子,其潛臺詞就是他不只一個妻子,也許在上海或者在紐約等其他地方還有妻子。

  而非限定性定語從句只對先行詞起著補充說明作用,沒有特指功能,所以第二句中的非限定性定語從句只是用來補充說明他的妻子現(xiàn)在人在巴黎這個事實。

  2、that和why不能用來引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句

  that不能用來連接非限定性定語從句,具體的請看下一節(jié)的內(nèi)容。

  而why因為總是緊跟先行詞reason,所以也不能用于引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。如:

  That's the reason why he was late for school this morning.

  在reason和why之間,不能插入逗號。

  四、關(guān)系代詞

  英語里能夠用來連接定語從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有:

  that:表人或物

  which:表物

  who:表人(主格或賓格)

  whom:表人(賓格)

  whose:表人或物(所有格)

  (一)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句

  that引導(dǎo)定語從句時,其先行詞既可能是人,也可能是物。如:

  This is the photo that I took during the trip in France.

  He is the man that will visit our school next week.

  【注意】

  1、當(dāng)that的先行詞表物時,可以用which來替換。此外,當(dāng)that在從句中作賓語時,可以省略。如:

  This is the photo that/which I took during the trip in France.

  This is the photo I took during the trip in France.

  句中的先行詞the photo在從句I took during the trip in France中作took的賓語,所以可以省略。

  2、不能用that的情況

  1)當(dāng)定語從句以介詞開頭時,一般不用that,而要用which或whom。如:

  This is the pet dog for which I paid five hundred pounds.

  She is the girl to whom I talked just now.

  兩句話的定語從句分別以介詞for和to開頭,所以后面不能再用that,而要采用which和whom。

  2)當(dāng)先行詞是that時,往往用which來替換。如:

  We have that which we need.

  此時,that which往往可以用what來替換,因此我們可以把上面的句子改為:

  We have what we need.

  3)在非限定性定語從句中。如:

  錯誤:His aunt, that is our maths teacher, often gives us candies as gifts.

  正確:His aunt, who is our maths teacher, often gives us candies as gifts.

  3、只能用that的情況

  1)當(dāng)先行詞為everything、all,little、much等不定代詞時。如:

  All that glitters is not gold.

  2)當(dāng)先行詞被all、every、no、any、some、little、much、one修飾時。如:

  Don't waste any water that is reusable.

  3)當(dāng)先行詞被the only、the very、the same、the last修飾時。如:

  They are the only students that will attend the meeting.

  4)當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。如:

  This is the first time that I have ever heard about a ghost.

  5)當(dāng)先行詞是be的表語或there be 的主語時。如:

  There are five pens that will be on display tomorrow.

  6)當(dāng)先行詞有人又有物時。如:

  We don't like the teacher and his lessons that are not interesting at all.

  7)當(dāng)主句是以who或which及其-ever結(jié)構(gòu)開頭的特殊疑問句時。如:

  Whoever that breaks the law will be punished.

  4、多用who、不用that的情況

  1)當(dāng)先行詞為anyone、one、ones時。如:

  He is the one who will teach us English.

  2)當(dāng)先行詞為those、he和people時。如:

  Those who want to ask questions need to write them down first.

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