六大高考英語聽力答題的技巧
一、學(xué)會(huì)預(yù)測
預(yù)測是在做聽力理解之前根據(jù)各種暗示,如所給答案選項(xiàng),段落或?qū)υ挊?biāo)題等已有知識(shí),對即將聽到的段落或?qū)υ拑?nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測。
1. 從答案選項(xiàng)中預(yù)測: Q: What does Tom do?
A. He’s a truck driver. B. He’s a ship captain. C. He’s a pilot. 錄音原文: W: Tom flew to Anchorage last night, then took some passengers from there to Dallas . M: Yeah, but he couldn't land because the airport in Dallas was snowed in. 從選項(xiàng)看,問題應(yīng)是關(guān)于職業(yè)方面的,再從flew, passengers, airport這些信息詞中可知道Tom的職業(yè)。
2. 從說話人口氣預(yù)測:
在A,B兩人的對話中,如果B是附和或贊成,往往說“Yes”,“I agree”,“Sure”,“I think so”等。但如A用否定句,B表同意時(shí)則用“No”,“Neither / Nor?”等。
例如: A: Harvey doesn't seem to fit into this class. B: No, he is really a fish out of water.
二、做簡要筆記
聽錄音時(shí)快速,準(zhǔn)確,簡要地記下有關(guān)信息(包括數(shù)字,人名,地名,關(guān)鍵詞),前提是不要影響跟聽速度,采用自己習(xí)慣的符號。
例:How much will the man pay for the tickets? A.$18 B. $24 C. $30
原文:W: Tickets for the movie are $ 6 for adults, half price for children. M: All right, I’d like three tickets for adults and two tickets for children, please. 筆記可簡化為:$ 6 A(A代表adult),C代表children,3A+2C或6 A(3)+ half C(2)
三、聽清數(shù)據(jù),簡要記錄,加以運(yùn)算。
在獲取時(shí)間信息時(shí),不要誤把會(huì)話中提到的時(shí)間簡單確定為問題的答案。高考聽力考查時(shí)間時(shí)往往要進(jìn)行簡單的時(shí)間換算。 At what time does the train to Leeds leave? A. 3:00 B. 3:15 C. 5:00
錄音原文: W: Excuse me, could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is? M: Sure. Well, it's 3 now. The next train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours, but you can take the train to Leeds which leaves in 15 minutes, and then get off at Manchester on the way. 對話中提到了三個(gè)時(shí)間It's 3 now, in 2 hours,in 15 minutes.
現(xiàn)在是3點(diǎn),開往Manchester的火車要兩小時(shí)后才開,即The train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours。若簡單機(jī)械地把3點(diǎn)和2點(diǎn)相加,會(huì)得出火車5點(diǎn)才開的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)C。 數(shù)字類問題分辨別類和計(jì)算類兩種:
1. 要注意區(qū)分-teen和-ty及four和five的發(fā)音;辨別多位數(shù),如電話號碼,門牌等
2. 計(jì)算時(shí)間,錢款,距離,年齡,人或物的數(shù)量等;聽出數(shù)字間的關(guān)系,更要聽清問題,因?yàn)閷\(yùn)算方法的要求通常寓于問題中;注意more, less,
as much(many)as, another, double, a couple of; to, past, quarter; 記住時(shí)間是60進(jìn)制 如出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)數(shù)字,應(yīng)注意鑒別問的是那一個(gè)。 例:At what time does the office open? A. At 8:15 B. At 8:30 C. At 7:45
從常識(shí)判斷,辦公時(shí)間往往以整點(diǎn)開始,而不會(huì)在幾點(diǎn)幾分。 聽力原文:M: I wonder why the office is still not open. W: But it's not yet eight. In fact, it's only a quarter to eight.
四、抓住關(guān)鍵詞,對癥下藥
聽力考試常出現(xiàn)以Where提問的問句,考生要通過對話的具體情節(jié)和背景判斷對話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。一般來說,特定場景的用語和關(guān)鍵詞是基本固定的,考生要對此多了解,熟悉明白。在遇到Where does the conversation take place?/ Where does sb. work? What’s his job?之類的.問題時(shí),就會(huì)派上用場。
如: restaurant: menu, bill, order, tip, hamburger, beer, soup hotel: luggage, single room, double room, room number, check in(out) hospital: take medicine, temperature, pill, headache, fever, examine post office: mail, deliver, stamp, envelope, parcel airport: flight, take off, land, luggage railway station :round trip, single trip, sleeping car store: on sale, size, wear, color, style, price, change,bargain, fit school: professor, exam, course, term, dining hall, playground library: librarian, renew, date, shelf, magazine, seat
對于前五道簡短對話,要根據(jù)問題的類型,從第二個(gè)講話者的答語中來捕捉關(guān)鍵詞
如:What’s the man going to do?
A. Run to the airport. B. Wait for another bus. C. Hurry to get the next bus. 根據(jù)選項(xiàng)看,對話似乎與bus有關(guān),主要信息捕捉范圍是在“Hurry”或“Run”和“Wait”之間。聽音范圍明顯縮小。
原文M: Excuse me, can you tell me when the next bus leaves for the airport? W: It leaves in three minutes. If you run, you might catch it. 關(guān)鍵詞“run”和“catch”正好對上答案C的“Hurry”和“get”。
五、較長對話和短文的理解
抓聽首句和首段有助于整體理解文章;結(jié)尾部分所給出的信息不一定是題目的正確答案,可能只是一個(gè)陷阱;推理思路要正確;語境中抓要點(diǎn)。 獨(dú)白部分(即第十段材料)可分為四種類型: *人物與故事型:敘述人物的經(jīng)歷和成就,要抓住故事發(fā)展線索,所問問題多屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題 *普通知識(shí)型:內(nèi)容涉及面較廣,問題以事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題居多 *社會(huì)科學(xué)型:涉及到文化教育,社會(huì)治安,代溝問題,就業(yè)問題,婦女問題,人口問題,環(huán)境保護(hù),國家發(fā)展等。問題常涉及獨(dú)白的主題或題目,故需作推理判斷。 *科普知識(shí)型:主要涉及自然科學(xué),如生物,物理,海洋,計(jì)算機(jī),醫(yī)學(xué),氣象,科學(xué)發(fā)明等。如遇專業(yè)詞匯和術(shù)語,可利用語境線索猜詞義。
六、果斷選題,學(xué)會(huì)放棄相信第一感覺。
當(dāng)機(jī)立斷,決不能反反復(fù)復(fù),甚至影響后面的答題,切記不可因某個(gè)小題未聽懂而患得患失,不可因一題失多題,造成一步跟不上,步步皆踏空的結(jié)果。 總之,只要掌握基本的聽力技巧和方法、排除一切干擾,全身心地投入語境、持之以恒地堅(jiān)持高考全真模擬聽力訓(xùn)練,高考中定能取得理想的成績。 高考英語聽力考試十大必備場景詞匯
高考考試的對話內(nèi)容場景基本上都是考生所熟悉的,有校園、生活、工作、各種社交場所。了解一些場景下的常用語和常見表達(dá)對解題是很有幫助的。對這些常用 詞匯和短語不僅要知道其本身的意思,還要知道它們的同義表達(dá)方式。這是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在聽力試題一般不會(huì)在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)對話中的原詞和詞組。以下場景是對話當(dāng)中所占 比例最大的,掌握了這些場景下的常用短語和表達(dá)方式,也就從詞匯和短語方面抓住了解題的關(guān)鍵。
(1)餐館場景:
order 點(diǎn)菜 serve 上菜 change 零錢 Keep the change! 不用找零錢了! tip 小費(fèi) treat 請客 (This is my treat! 我請客!)go Dutch AA制 (Let’s go fifty fifty. ) steak 牛排 cheese奶酪 sandwich 三明治 bacon 腌肉 soup 湯 plain water自來水(西餐中洗手用的)doughnut 多納圈 appetizer 開胃物 dessert甜品,水果(作為正餐的最后一道) go out for dinner / dinner out 出去吃飯 snack bar 小吃街;大排擋 hamburger 漢堡包 coke 可口可樂 French fries 炸薯?xiàng)l dining hall ;coffee shop ;restaurant ;cafeteria ;canteen; buffet 自助餐
(2)郵局場景:
stamp envelope package / parcel 包裹 overweight 超重 extra postage 額外郵資 send / post / deliver a letter / mail 寄 /發(fā)信 express mail 快件 airmail 航空信件 surface mail 陸地郵寄open an account 開一個(gè)帳戶
(3)圖書館場景:
library card; borrow; lend; keep; renew; bookshelf; novel; science fiction科幻小說;magazine; periodical期刊; reference book; librarian 圖書管理員 pay a fine 交罰款 Can I help you? / What can I do for you?
(4)醫(yī)院及健康場景:
aspirin 阿司匹林 regular doctor 私人醫(yī)生 emergence department 急診室 ICU (= intensive care unit)特護(hù)病房treatment 治療手段 take one’s temperature / blood pressure 測量體溫/血壓 medicine: pills / tablets藥丸/藥片heart attack 心臟病 cold / flu 流感:have/catch a cold; pain; headache; stomach-ache; backache; sore-throat喉嚨痛cough; fever。What’s up? (多用于男生之間)How is it going? How are you? 回答:I’m fine. / I feel good/terrific. / I couldn’t be better. / Nothing is very wrong with me. 好。 I am not feeling good. / I feel terrible/horrible/awful. / I am not myself these days. 不好。 (注意聽語氣:身體好的時(shí)候,語調(diào)上揚(yáng),語氣非常歡快; 身體不好的時(shí)候,降調(diào),語氣非常郁悶。)
(5)電話場景:
operator 接線員 Extension six two two six, please. 請轉(zhuǎn)6226。 The line is bad/ busy / engaged. It kept a busy line. 電話占線。long distance call 長途電話 collect call 對方付費(fèi)的電話 put through 接通電話 hold on / up Hold the line, please. Hello! This is …speaking. Who’s speaking? / who is this? call/ telephone/ ring/ phone sb. ;give sb. a call/ ring I’ll call back later / again. I’ll ring him / her up again. I couldn’t get through. Sorry, I’m afraid you have the wrong number.
(6)酒店場景:
make a reservation 預(yù)定房間 reception desk 接待處 check in 入住 check out 結(jié)帳 single room 單間 suite套間Do you have a reservation Sir? Have you got any vacant room? (= Is there any room available here?)有空房間嗎?All the room are occupied. 房間已滿。Can I have a suite please? How much do you charge for that? Smoking or no smoking? Meals included. 包括飲食。Can I show you your room? / Can I carry your luggage?
(7)超速場景:
speeding May I see your license, please? You will be fined by $20.
(8)購物場景:
store 雜貨店 department store 百貨商場 shopping center 購物中心 商品信息:size; color; style; price What color/size/kind do you want? 商品論貴賤expensive, cheap 價(jià)格論高低high, low bargain便宜貨 popular / fashionable流行的 in fashion 流行,時(shí)尚 out of fashion 過時(shí)的 brand 品牌 counter 柜臺(tái) pay in cash 用現(xiàn)金支付 pay in check用支票支付 credit card 信用卡 shop assistant 商店?duì)I業(yè)員 out of stock 脫銷/缺貨 in stock 有貨
(9)天氣場景:
cloudy 陰天 overcast 多云 thunder 打雷 strong/ high wind 大風(fēng) tornado 龍卷風(fēng) typhoon 臺(tái)風(fēng) storm 風(fēng)暴blizzard暴風(fēng)雨 It rains cats and dogs.(=The rain is pouring.)下著傾盆大雨。downpour傾盆大雨 shower 陣雨 clear up天空放晴 put away clothes 下雨收衣服 weather in London / Seattle 意指不好的天氣 weather in California 意指好天氣 經(jīng)常和天氣相聯(lián)系的情況:vacation 和 flight(航班) (be delayed/cancelled by the bad weather)
(10)機(jī)場場景:
flight 航班 Welcome on board 歡迎登機(jī) bound for…飛往……方向去的 check in 辦理登機(jī)手續(xù) behind schedule晚點(diǎn) take off 起飛land降落
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