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culture shock課文翻譯
Culture shock has many stages. Each stage can be ongoing or appear only at certain times. The first stage is the incubation stage. In this first stage,the new arrival may feel euphoric and be pleased by all of the new things encountered. This time is called the “honeymoon” stage,as everything encountered is new and exciting.
Afterwards,the second stage presents itself. A person may encounter some difficult times and crises in daily life. For example,communication difficulties may occur such as not being understood. In this stage,there may be feelings of discontent,impatience,anger,sadness,and feeling incompetence,this happens when a person is trying to adapt to a new culture that is very different from the culture of origin. Transition between the old methods and those of the new country is a difficult process and takes time to complete. During the transition,there can be strong feelings of dissatisfaction.
The third stage is characterized by gaining some understanding of the new culture. A new feeling of pleasure and sense of humor may be experienced. One may start to feel a certain psychological balance. The new arrival may not feel as lost and starts to have a feeling of direction. The individual is more familiar with the environment and wants to belong. This initiates an evaluation of the old ways versus those of the new.
In the forth stage,the person realizes that the culture has good and bad things to offer. This stage can be one of double integration or triple integration depending on the number of cultures that the person has to process. This integration is accompanied by a more solid feeling of belonging. The person starts to define him/herself and establish goals for living.
The fifth stage is the stage that is called the “re-entry shock..” this occurs when a return to the country of origin is made. One may fin that things are no longer the same. For example,some of the newly acquired customs are not in use in the old culture.
These stages are present at different times and each person has their own way of reacting in the stages of culture shock. As a consequence,some stages will be longer and more difficult than others. Many factors contribute to the duration and effects of culture shock. For example,the individual’s state of mental health,type of personality,previous experiences,socio-economic conditions,familiarity with the language,family and/or social support systems,and level of education.
翻譯
文化沖擊有許多階段。 每個階段可以是持續(xù)，或只是在某時出現(xiàn)。第一階段是初級階段。 在此階段，人也許為新到地方感到欣快、為遇到的所有的新事物而歡欣鼓舞。 因為遇到的一切是新的和扣人心弦的，亦稱“蜜月”階段。
第二階段提出自己。 人在日常生活中也許遇到一些困難和危機。 例如，溝通困難，例如也許發(fā)生不被了解的情況。 在這個階段，當(dāng)人設(shè)法適應(yīng)文化起源不同的新的文化時，也許會發(fā)牢騷，出現(xiàn)心急、憤怒、悲傷的感覺，并且感覺無能力。 舊有和新到的國家不同文化之間的適應(yīng)調(diào)和的過渡，是一個困難的過程，并且需要時間來完成。 在過渡期間，人可能出現(xiàn)強烈的不滿情緒。
第三階段為對新的文化的理解階段。 人也許產(chǎn)生一種新的樂趣和幽默感，也許開始感覺有些心理平衡，可能不再迷失，并且開始有了方向的感覺。漸漸對環(huán)境熟悉起來，并且希望融入到新環(huán)境中去。 這是用舊有文化理解那些新文化的階段。
第四階段，人開始意識到文化有好和壞兩個方面。 這個階段是以雙重或多重文化綜合考量的基礎(chǔ)上來理解的階段。 人產(chǎn)生一種更強烈的歸屬感，開始定義他/她自己并且開始找到生活的目標(biāo)。
第五階段是稱“再沖擊階段”。 這發(fā)生在人回到原來的國家時。人會發(fā)現(xiàn)原來國家的現(xiàn)有文化與他/她離開時比，不再相同。 例如，某些新出現(xiàn)的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣在其所知的老文化中是不曾出現(xiàn)的。
文化沖擊的這些階段是存在于不同的時刻，并且每個人有他們自己的方式引起文化沖擊。 結(jié)果，有些階段比其他長且困難。 許多因素影響著文化沖擊的時間和作用。 例如，個體的精神健康狀況、個性，早先經(jīng)驗、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)條件、語言的熟練程度、家庭和社會支持系統(tǒng)和教育水平。
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