托福閱讀技巧的定位詞解讀

　　雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第一種也是最常見的一種變身是同義替換，這包含同義詞或同義詞組。

　　劍6，Test4的Q9：Kim Schaefer’s marketing technique may be open to criticism on moral grounds。題目中定位詞為moral，在文章中定位，我們會在文章第三段中定位到Selling pharmaceuticals is a daily exercise in ethical judgment，而其中ethical即為moral的同義詞。

　　雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第二種變身是近義替換，這包含近義詞或近義詞組。

　　劍7，Test1的'Q8：However, even before this was understood, the principle had been applied in the design of instruments which calculated the ____ of the seabed。 此題為在原文中選詞填空的摘要題，定位詞為calculate和seabed， 在文章中我們會定位到Before this was discovered, engineers had already built instruments to exploit the principle, for example to measure the depth of the sea under a ship。此處measure即為calculate的近義詞，而sea即為seabed的上義詞。

　　雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第三種變身是派生詞。

　　劍6，Test3的Q33：Monkeys were less likely to become diabetic。此題為分類題，定位詞為diabetic，在文章中定位，我們能定位到句子…and they have more normal blood glucose levels(pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes, which is marked by usually high blood glucose levels)。題目中定位詞diabetic為名詞，意為糖尿病患者，而文章中的diabetes也為名詞，但意為糖尿病，是 diabetic的派生詞。

　　雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第四種變身是反義詞的否定形式。

　　Sticking Power中的Q15：What makes sticky insects feet special is the fact that they can also detach themselves easily from a surface。

　　此題屬于人名理論配對，題目中定位詞為 detach。到文章中去定位，我們會定位到’There are lots of ways to make two surfaces stick together, but there are very few which provide precise and reversible attachment’ says Stas Gorb，句中attachment實際上為detach的反義詞attach的名詞形式，而reversible表示可逆的，因此 reversible attachment即為detach的反義詞(組)的否定形式。

　　雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第五種變身是上義詞/詞組。

　　劍6，Test3的Q28：Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old。此題為是非無判斷題，定位詞為drugs，在文章中定位，我們能在文章第一段定位到As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging –the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we get older。文章中treatment即為定位詞drugs的上義詞。

　　雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第六種變身是下義詞/詞組。

　　劍5，Test3的Q27：how AI might have a military impact。此題為段落信息配對題，定位詞為military，在文章中定位，我們會在E段定位到HNC claim that their system based on a cluster of 30processors, could be used to spot camouflaged vehicles on a battlefield or …，句中battlefield即為military的下義詞。

　　雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第七種變身是原詞，即沒有變身。這種情況多發生在定位詞是專有名詞、專業術語或實義名詞時。

　　劍7，Test3的Q28：Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside the European Economic Community，此題為是非無判斷題，定位詞為Nordic countries。在文章中定位，我們能夠在第一段定位到Those confined to particular geographical areas, such as countries bordering the Mediterranean or the Nordic countries therefore had to be discarded，句中的Nordic countries即為定位詞原詞。

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