英語口語語法要點

　　英語口語語法和書面語法不大一樣，是學(xué)習(xí)者容易忽視和感到困惑的地方。一起來看看下面五個語法要點吧。

　　1口語中的句子結(jié)構(gòu)

　　It’s difficult, the exam.

　　非正式口語中的語法在某些方面與書面語法不同。句子通常不那么復(fù)雜，使用的連詞種類更少，也更簡單。

　　【正式的書面語】

　　While the hotel was of quite a high standard, the food was disappointing.

　　【非正式的口語】

　　The hotel was quite good, but the food was disappointing.

　　信息經(jīng)常可以分開，以一條一條的形式呈現(xiàn)——句子并非總是遵循主語—謂語—賓語的語序。

　　The woman across the road, her brother, well, I was talking to him, and he said…

　　They work very hard, the students.

　　2省略句子開頭

　　Must dash.

　　在非正式口語中，經(jīng)常省略非重讀的句子開頭。省略的主要是冠詞、物主代詞、人稱代詞、助動詞和be動詞、指示詞和引導(dǎo)性的there is句型。

　　Car’s running badly. (=The car’s…)

　　Shoelace is undone. (=My shoelace…)

　　Forgotten the umbrella again. (=He’s forgotten…)

　　You talking to me? (=Are you talking…?)

　　She ready? (=Is she ready?)

　　Must dash. (=I must dash.)

　　Won’t work. (=It won’t work)

　　Be four pounds fifty. (=That’ll be…)

　　No reason to panic. (= There’s no reason…)

　　3省略助動詞后的詞語

　　“Get up!” “I am!”

　　在非正式口語中，經(jīng)常只用助動詞，而不重復(fù)較長的表達。

　　—Get up!

　　—I am. (=I am getting up.)

　　He said he’d write to me, but he hasn’t. (=…h(huán)e hasn’t written to me.)

　　—Talk louder.

　　—I would if I could, but I can’t.

　　如果沒有可重復(fù)的助動詞，則用 do。

　　She said she would phone, and she did.

　　4附加疑問句

　　It’s cold, isn’t it?

　　在口語或非正式書面語中，附加疑問句(question tag)常用于句尾，用于確認某事是否屬實，或征求對方同意。

　　You haven’t seen Joe, have you?

　　This tea isn’t very nice, is it?

　　否定的附加疑問句通常用縮寫形式，如 isn’t it(通常不說“is it not?”)。在附加疑問句中，am I not 的縮寫形式是“aren’t I?”。

　　Nice day, isn’t it?

　　I’m late, aren’t I?

　　5答語疑問句

　　答語疑問句(reply question)的構(gòu)成為助動詞+代詞(與附加疑問句類似)，表達關(guān)注、興趣或驚奇。

　　—We had a lovely holiday.

　　—Did you?

　　—Yes, we went…

　　—John likes that girl next door.

　　—Oh, does he?

　　—It was a terrible party.

　　—Was it?

　　—Yes,…

　　用否定的答語疑問句來回答肯定句，表示加強贊同的語氣。

　　—It was a lovely concert.

　　—Yes, wasn’t it! I did enjoy it.

　　—She’s lost a lot of weight.

　　—Yes, hasn’t she?