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高考英語書面表達的高級詞匯
近幾年的高考《考試說明》中,關于高考英語書面表達評分標準第五檔(很好)中有這樣一段話:"應用了較多的語法結構和詞匯;語法結構或詞匯方面有些許錯誤,但為盡力使用較復雜結構或較高級詞匯所致，高考書面表達怎樣運用復雜結構和高級詞匯。"這就是說,學生僅運用基礎的詞匯和基本的句型,不能體現出較強的語言運用能力,即使表達無語法錯誤,也不能得高分;相反有些錯誤,目的在有意識地使用復雜結構或較高級詞匯,也不扣分,仍屬于最高檔次。高考把寫作要求提到了這樣一個高度,有利于反映學生的水平層次,有利于指導教學。原來"要點完整,語言無誤,行文連貫,表達清楚"的標準就落后了。
在平時的教學中,訓練最多的,學生們也最習慣的是五種基本句型:①主語+謂語;②主語+謂語+賓語;③主語+謂語+間接賓語;④主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語;⑤主語+謂語+賓語+補足語。用這些句型組織的句子單一、無生氣,不能給人一種含金量高的審美享受。客觀形勢對我們提出了高難度的要求,我們怎樣才能對書面表達進行科學的操作?怎樣才能控制寫作呢?本文擬就這一課題進行討論,希望能給學生以啟迪,調動積極性,開拓思維,培養創新精神。
首先,在整篇文章中,避免只使用一兩個句型,要靈活運用各種語法結構,使文章有聲有色。
一、改變時態
例:The bell is ringing now.(一般)
There goes the bell! (高級)
二、改變語態
例:People suggest that the conference be put off.(一般)
It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高級)
三、使用不定式
例:He is so kind that he can help me.(一般)
He is so kind as to help me.(高級)
四、使用過去分詞
例:①She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(一般)
Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(高級)
②Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.(一般)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(高級)
五、使用V-ing形式
例:①When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)
On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.(高級)
②If the weather permits, I'll come tomorrow.(一般)
I'll come tomorrow, weather permitting.(高級)
六、使用名詞性從句
例:①It disappointed everybody that he didn't turn up.(一般)
The fact that he didn't turn up disappointed everybody.(高級)
②I happened to have met him.(一般)
It happened that I had met him.(高級)
③To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.(一般)
What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(高級)
七、使用定語從句
例:The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.(一般)
The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高級)
八、使用狀語從句
例:①I won't believe what he says.(一般)
No matter what he says, I won't believe.(高級)
②If you come back before six o'clock, you can go out.(一般)
You can go out on condition that(provided that) you come back before six o'clock.(高級)
③If she doesn't agree, what shall we do?(一般)
Supposing that she doesn't agree, what shall we do?(高級)
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