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感恩節的由來中英文
關于感恩節的介紹大家知道多少呢?時間飛快，感恩節就要來了，下面是小編收集的關于感恩節的中英文介紹，一起來了解一下吧!
Thanksgiving Day in America is a time to offer thanks, of family gatherings and holiday meals.
A time of turkeys, stuffing, and pumpkin pie. A time for Indian corn, holidayparades and giant balloons.
在美國，感恩節是一個感謝恩賜，家庭團聚，合家歡宴的日子;是一個家家餐桌上都有火雞、填料、南瓜餡餅的日子;是一個充滿了印第安玉米、假日游行和巨型氣球的日子。
The Pilgrims who sailed tothis country aboard the Mayflower were originally members of the EnglishSeparatist Church (a Puritan sect).
They had earlier fled their home in England and sailed to Holland (The Netherlands) to escape religiouspersecution.
There, they enjoyed more religious tolerance, but they eventuallybecame disenchanted with the Dutch way of life, thinking it ungodly.
Seeking abetter life, the Separatists negotiated with a London stock company to financea pilgrimage to America.
Most of those making the trip aboard the Mayflowerwere non-Separatists, but were hired to protect the company's interests. Onlyabout one-third of the original colonists were Separatists.
乘 “五月花”來到這個國度的旅行者(朝圣者)原本是英國分離者教會清教徒，他們的家在英國，因不堪忍受國內的宗教迫害，他們逃亡到荷蘭。
在荷蘭，他們享受了更多的宗教信仰自由，但最終卻意識到在荷蘭的這種生活方式是對他們的主的褻瀆。為了尋求更好的生活，他們與倫敦貿易公司協商，由該公司資助他們到美國。
在這趟旅途中，船上只有大約1/3的乘客是清教徒，其他大多數人并非分離派清教徒，而是公司雇傭來保護其利益的人員(契約奴)。
The Pilgrims set ground at Plymouth Rock onDecember 11, 1620. Their first winter was devastating.
At the beginning of thefollowing fall, they had lost 46 of the original 102 who sailed on theMayflower. But the harvest of 1621 was a bountiful one.
And the remainingcolonists decided to celebrate with a feast ——including 91 Indians who had helped the Pilgrims survive their first year.
Itis believed that the Pilgrims would not have made it through the year withoutthe help of the natives.
The feast was more of a traditional English harvestfestival than a true “thanksgiving” observance. It lasted three days.
1620年 12月11日，旅行者們在“普利茅斯石”登陸。他們的第一個冬季是災難性的，第二年秋天來臨時，原來的102名乘客只剩下56人。
但1621年他們獲得了大豐收，這些幸存的殖民者們決定和幫助他們度過困難的91名印第安人一起饗宴慶祝。
他們相信，若沒有當地居民的幫助，他們是不可能度過這一年的。這次節日的盛宴不僅僅是一個“感恩”儀式，它更像英國傳統的豐收慶典。慶典持續了三天。
Governor William Bradford sent “four men fowling” after wild ducks andgeese.
It is not certain that wild turkey was part of their feast. However, itis certain that they had venison.
The term “turkey” was used by the Pilgrims to mean any sort of wild fowl.
總督布雷德福派了“四人捕鳥隊”去捕捉野鴨和野鵝。我們現在并不能確定是否有野生火雞在當時的筵席上，但筵席上肯定有鹿肉。當時，朝圣者用“火雞”一詞來代表各種野禽。
Another modern staple at almost every Thanksgivingtable is pumpkin pie. But it is unlikely that the first feast included thattreat. The supply of flour had been long diminished, so there was no bread orpastries of any kind.
However, they did eat boiled pumpkin, and they produced atype of fried bread from their corn crop. There was also no milk, cider,potatoes, or butter.
There was no domestic cattle for dairy products, and thenewly-discovered potato was still considered by many Europeans to be poisonous.But the feast did include fish, berries, watercress, lobster, dried fruit,clams, venison, and plums.
現在，幾乎每家感恩節餐桌上都有南瓜餡餅――感恩節的另一種主食。但在當年的第一次慶典上卻不可能有這種食品。因為面粉奇缺，所以面包、餡餅、糕點等食物都沒有。
但他們卻吃了煮南瓜，并用收獲的玉米制成了一種油炸面包。也沒有牛奶、蘋果酒、土豆和黃油。
沒有馴養的奶牛，自然沒有牛奶;而新發現的土豆被很多歐洲人認為是有毒的。第一次慶典上有魚、草莓、豆瓣菜、龍蝦、干果、蛤、鹿肉、李子等。
This “thanksgiving” feast was not repeated the following year. But in 1623, during asevere drought, the pilgrims gathered in a prayer service, praying for rain.
When a long, steady rain followed the very next day, Governor Bradfordproclaimed another day of Thanksgiving, again inviting their Indian friends. Itwasn't until June of 1676 that another Day of Thanksgiving was proclaimed.
緊接著的第二年(1622)卻沒有舉行“感恩”慶典。到了1623年，發生了一場嚴重的旱災，朝圣者們聚集到一起，舉行了虔誠的祁雨儀式，剛好在第二天，一場充沛的大雨從天而降。威廉布雷德福總督宣布再次慶祝感恩節，并再次邀請了他們的印第安朋友。
之后數年無感恩節，直到1676年6月，感恩節才再次被提出。
【感恩節習俗】
Thanksgiving Day is the most truly American of the national Holidays in the United States and is most closely connected with the earliest history of the country.
感恩節是美國法定假日中最地道、最美國式的節日，它和早期美國歷史最為密切相關。
Family Reunion and Feasting??Family feast is an important tradition during Thanksgiving. The entire family sits at the table during dinner and offer prayer to the Lord Almighty for his continuous grace. It is also a time for relatives living in different places to come together and celebrate.
家庭盛宴是感恩節期間的一個重要習俗。全家人圍坐在飯桌邊一起祈禱，愿上帝施與永不停息的恩惠。這也讓身處異地的親友歡聚一堂，同慶美好時光。
Tradition of Turkey??The traditional stuffed turkey adorns every dinner table during the feast. Pumpkin pie, Cranberry sauce, Corns are some of the dishes cooked everywhere to mark the day. Though historians don’t have an evidence to prove that turkey was eaten during the first Thanksgiving dinner, the thanksgiving celebration will be incomplete without it.
傳統的填制火雞讓每個餐桌生色不少，南瓜派、酸果沙司、玉米更是那天必不可少的菜肴。雖然歷史學家沒有證據證明在第一個感恩節時人們就吃火雞，但沒有火雞的感恩節是不完美的。
Parades??The traditional Thanksgiving parade probably started with President Lincoln proclaiming it an official day. The full- dress parade is a way to display the country’s military strength and discipline. The main aim of such parades is to lift the spirits of the spectators, provide them with wholesome entertainment. In the present day, parades are accompanied with musical shows and celebrities.
感恩節那天進行的巡游儀式大概始于林肯總統時期，而且這天被宣布為法定節日。隆重的巡游儀式是顯示國家軍事力量和嚴明紀律的一個方式，但這樣的巡游主要目的是振奮國人，為大眾提供一個積極健康的娛樂活動。現代的巡游活動還加入音樂節目，眾多名人也參與其中。
Football Games?Watching NFL football during Thanksgiving is a popular tradition. The traditional game between the Detroit Lions and the Green Bay Packers continues. One of the most memorable games having been played on this day.
感恩節觀看美國國家足球聯盟的橄欖球比賽也是一個習俗。底特律雄獅和綠灣包裝工隊之間的傳統比賽至今仍然保留著。其中最值得紀念的比賽之一就在感恩節這天舉行。
中文
節日起源
名稱由來
萬圣節服裝萬圣節英語是All Saints Day，天主教和東正教節日之一，是西方國家的傳統節日。華語地區常將萬圣夜誤稱為萬圣節。“Hallow”來源于中古英語halwen，與holy詞源很接近，在蘇格蘭和加拿大的某些區域，萬圣節仍然被稱為“All Hallow Mas”。那一天，要舉行的彌撒儀式（Mass）是慶祝在天的全體圣人（Hallow）。現在社會上為了商業利益或其他目的，在10月31日夜里組織各種充滿妖魔鬼怪的活動，完全背離了萬圣節的神圣意義。
關于萬圣節由來的，版本繁多，流傳較廣的是：
兩千多年前，歐洲的天主教會把11月1日定為“天下圣徒之日”（All Hallows' Day）。“Hallow”即圣徒之意。傳說，居住在愛爾蘭、蘇格蘭等地的凱爾特人（Celts）認為10月31日是夏天正式結束的日子，也就是新年伊始，嚴酷的冬天開始的一天。那時人們相信，故人的亡魂會在這一天回到故居地在活人身上找尋生靈，借此再生，而且這是人在死后能獲得再生的唯一希望。而活人則懼怕死人的魂靈來奪生，于是人們就在這一天熄掉爐火、燭光，讓死人的魂靈無法找到活人，又把自己打扮成妖魔鬼怪把死人的魂靈嚇走。之后，他們又會把火種、燭光重新燃起，開始新的一年的生活。
萬圣節原本其實是贊美秋天的節日，就好像五月節是贊美春天一樣。古代高盧、不列顛和愛爾蘭的祭司——德魯伊德有一個贊美秋天的盛大節日，從10月31日的午夜到次日11月1日，持續整整一天。他們認為，在那天晚上他們偉大的死神——薩曼把那年死去人的鬼魂統統召來，這些惡鬼要受到托生為畜類的懲罰。當然，只要想到這種鬼魅的聚會，就足以令當時那些頭腦簡單的愚民膽戰心驚了。于是他們點起沖天的篝火，并嚴密監視這些惡鬼。萬圣節前夜到處有女巫和鬼魂的說法就是這么開始的。至今在歐洲某些與世隔絕的地區，還有人相信這是真的。
古羅馬人在11月1日也有一個節日，那是用來向他們的波莫娜女神表示敬意的。他們在熊熊的篝火前烤堅果和蘋果。我們的萬圣節似乎就是由古羅馬人的節日與德魯伊德的節日糅合而成的。
萬圣節的活動原來是非常簡單的，而且大部分是在教堂里進行。但在整個歐洲，人們都把萬圣節前夜看作盡情玩鬧、講鬼故事和互相嚇唬的好機會。于是人們不再把這節日用來贊美秋天，卻讓它變成神怪、巫婆和鬼魂的節日。
服裝由來
萬圣節玩具萬圣節的服裝起源于惡作劇，大人帶孩子一起出門（一般是大人駕車停在路邊，小孩說：“不給糖就搗蛋（trick or treat）。大人事先要求孩子只許去門口有節日布置的并點了燈的人家，否則不許打擾。另外討糖過程中必須始終站在大門口等待，不許進屋，討回的糖也要交給大人檢查后才許吃。對接待孩子的人家也要求不給自家制作的食品，也不給未包裝的食品。
萬圣節的服裝，萬人萬相，不只是單調的大鬼小鬼。制作最簡單的鬼服就用一張白床單頂在頭上，摳兩個洞留出眼睛；若要扮演魔術師，就穿上黑衣黑褲，再戴上黑禮帽，并在禮帽與頭頂之間藏一只絨毛小兔備用；小孩穿上白衣白褲，再在背后綁一個手電筒在頭上就打扮成了小天使；也有家長把孩子打扮成他們喜歡的卡通形象的。
南瓜燈由來
南瓜燈源于古代愛爾蘭。傳說一個名叫Jack的人，是個醉漢且愛惡作劇。在萬圣節當日，他設圈套將魔鬼困在一棵樹上，他不許魔鬼下來，直至惡魔答應永遠不讓他住在地獄。Jack死后，因他不相信神，他不能進天堂，而魔鬼也不讓他入地獄，為了協助Jack找到回人間的路徑，魔鬼給了他一塊燃燒的炭，Jack將這燃燒的炭放在他以大紅蘿卜雕刻成的一個燈籠內，這第一個“Jack的燈籠”，幫助找尋他的路徑回愛爾蘭，但他從沒找著，于是他永遠帶著燈籠流浪人間。
在古老的愛爾蘭傳說里，這根小蠟燭是在一根挖空的蘿卜里放著，稱作“Jack Lanterns”，而古老的蘿卜燈演變到今天，則是南瓜做的Jack-O-Lantern了。據說愛爾蘭人到了美國不久，即發現南瓜不論從來源和雕刻來說都比蘿卜更勝一籌，于是南瓜就成了萬圣節的寵兒。
中國傳統的七月中元節與西方的萬圣節相仿，在鬼節這段時間里連許多匪徒都忌諱許多事情，就是為了避免遇到晦氣。可見即使在民間信仰中都知道，精靈鬼怪之事最好敬而遠之。可惜的是卻把它包裝成一個狂歡、刺激、放任的節日，在商業利益誘因的推波助瀾之下，把萬圣節哄抬成除了圣誕節與感恩節之外的第三大節期，每年此時在夜色的掩護下迷惑了世人，隨著死亡之舞的節拍膜拜恐懼與死亡。
流行地區
萬圣節玩偶
萬圣節主要流行于英語世界，如不列顛群島和北美，其次是澳大利亞和新西蘭。如今一些亞洲國家的年輕一輩也開始傾向于過“洋節”，到了萬圣節前夕，一些大型外資超市都會擺出專柜賣萬圣節的玩具，小商販也會出售一些跟萬圣節相關的玩偶或模型，吸引年輕人的眼光。
各地習俗
節日風俗
不給糖就搗蛋
萬圣節前夜是一年中最“鬧鬼”的時候，各種妖魔鬼怪、海盜、外星來客和巫婆們紛紛出動。在基督紀元以前，凱爾特人在夏末舉行儀式感激上蒼和太陽的恩惠。當時的占卜者點燃并施巫術以驅趕據說在四周游蕩的妖魔鬼怪。后來羅馬人用果仁和蘋果來慶祝的豐收節與凱爾特人的10月31日融合了。在中世紀，人們穿上動物造型的服飾、戴上可怕的面具是想在萬圣節前夜驅趕黑夜中的鬼怪。盡管后來基督教代替了凱爾特和羅馬的宗教活動，早期的習俗還是保留下來了。孩子們帶著開玩笑的心理穿戴上各種服飾和面具參加萬圣夜舞會，這些舞會四周的墻上往往懸掛著用紙糊的巫婆、黑貓、鬼怪和尸骨，窗前和門口則吊著齜牙咧嘴或是面目可憎的南瓜燈籠。
萬圣節前夕，孩子們會提著南瓜燈，穿著各式各樣的稀奇古怪的服裝，挨家挨戶地去索要糖果，不停地說：“trick or treat”（意思是：“給不給，不給就搗蛋。”）要是你不肯給糖果的話，孩子們就會很生氣，用各種方法去懲罰你，例如：把垃圾倒在你家里等等的方法去懲罰你，直到你肯給他們糖果為止。而對傳統而言人們會扮成精靈，然后逐家逐戶去懇求食物。他們的信念是要給予精靈崇拜及食物來討好它們，否則這些精靈就會捉弄他們，諸如：煙囪堵塞，牛羊失喪﹑被擲黃芽白等等。另一個途徑去愚弄或嚇跑這些惡靈，就是扮成它們的樣子，他們相信這樣那些惡靈就不會傷害他們。
萬圣節面具自17世紀起，慶祝萬圣節的傳統在南部英格蘭逐漸消失，代之以在11月5日舉行的火藥陰謀（Gunpowder Plot）紀念會。但在蘇格蘭，愛爾蘭和北部英格蘭萬圣節依然盛行。直到21世紀初，南部英格蘭人才重新開始慶祝萬圣節，只是方式完全美國化了。
萬圣節前夜最流行的游戲是“咬蘋果”。游戲時，人們讓蘋果漂浮在裝滿水的盆里，然后讓孩子們在不用手的條件下用嘴去咬蘋果，誰先咬到，誰就是優勝者。
萬圣節源自古代凱爾特民族（Celtic）的新年節慶，此時也是祭祀亡魂的時刻，在避免惡靈干擾的同時，也以食物祭拜祖靈及善靈以祈平安度過嚴冬。當晚小孩會穿上化妝服，戴上面具，挨家挨戶收集糖果。
英語
Origin of the festival
The name origin
Halloween is one of the All Saints Day, Catholic and Orthodox holidays. It is a traditional holiday in Western countries. In Chinese-speaking regions, Halloween is often mistakenly called Halloween. "Hallow" comes from the Middle English halwen, which is close to the etymology of holy, and Halloween is still called "All Hallow Mas" in some parts of Scotland and Canada. On that day, a Mass ceremony (Mass) is held to celebrate all the saints (Hallow) in heaven. Now the society for commercial interests or other purposes, in the night of October 31 to organize a variety of activities full of demons and ghosts, completely deviated from the sacred meaning of Halloween.
About the origin of Halloween, there are many versions, more popular is:
More than 2,000 years ago, the Catholic Church in Europe designated November 1 as "All Hallows' Day." "Hallow" means saint. Legend has it that the Celts, who lived in places like Ireland and Scotland, believed that October 31 was the official end of summer, the day when the New Year began and the harsh winter began. At that time, people believe that the dead will return to the former home on this day to find the living in the living, to regenerate, and this is the only hope that people can obtain regeneration after death. And the living are afraid of the dead soul to take life, so people on this day put out the fire, candlelight, let the dead soul can not find the living, and dressed up as ghosts and ghosts to scare away the dead soul. After that, they will light the fire and candle again and start the New Year's life.
Halloween was originally a celebration of autumn, just as Cinco de Mayo is a celebration of spring. The Druids, priests of ancient Gaul, Britain and Ireland, had a great festival in praise of autumn, from midnight on October 31 to the next day, November 1, lasting a whole day. They think, in that night their great death - Saman that year the ghosts of the dead all called, these evil ghosts to be born as animal punishment. Of course, as long as the thought of such a ghostly gathering, it was enough to make those simple-minded fool at that time scared. So they lit a bonfire to the sky and kept a close watch on the evil spirits. That's how the idea of witches and ghosts everywhere on Halloween began. It is still believed to be true in isolated parts of Europe.
The ancient Romans also had a festival on November 1, which was used to pay homage to their goddess Pomona. They roasted nuts and apples in front of a roaring fire. Our Halloween seems to have been a mixture of an ancient Roman holiday and a Druid holiday.
Halloween activities turned out to be very simple, and most of them were carried out in churches. But all over Europe, people see Halloween as a chance to have fun, tell ghost stories and scare each other. So people no longer use this festival to praise autumn, but let it become a festival of gods, witches and ghosts.
Clothing origin
Halloween toys Halloween costumes originated as pranks in which adults took children out with them (usually when the adults pulled over and the children said, "trick or treat. Adults ask children to go to the door of the festival layout and light the house, otherwise not to disturb. In addition, during the process of begging sugar, you must always stand at the gate and wait. You are not allowed to enter the room. The sugar you get back must be handed over to adults for inspection before you can eat it. Children's hosts are also asked not to give home-made food or unpackaged food.
Halloween costumes, everyone, not just drab big ghost. Making the most simple ghost costume is to use a white sheet on the head, cut two holes for eyes; If you want to play a magician, put on black clothes black pants, and then put on a black hat, and hide a fluffy rabbit between the top of the head; Children wear white clothes and white pants, and then tied a flashlight on the back of the head dressed as a little angel; Some parents dress their children up as their favorite cartoon characters.
Origin of Jack-o '-Lantern
The jack-o '-lantern originated in ancient Ireland. Legend has it that a man named Jack was drunk and fond of mischief. On Halloween, he set a trap to trap the devil in a tree. He would not let the devil down until the devil promised never to let him live in hell. Jack died, because he does not believe in god, he could not go to heaven, and the devil wouldn't let him into the hell, to help Jack to find back to the path of the world, the devil gave him a piece of burning charcoal, Jack put the burning charcoal to him big carrot carved into a lantern, the first "Jack lanterns", to help find his path back to Ireland, But he never found it, so he always wandered the world with his lantern.
"In ancient Irish folklore, these Lanterns were" Jack O- lanterns, "and these ancient turnip lanterns evolved into today's jack-o-lanterns. It is said that soon after the Irish arrived in America, they discovered that pumpkins were superior to turnips, both in origin and in carving, and that pumpkins became Halloween favorites.
The traditional July Hungry Ghost Festival in China is similar to Halloween in the West. During the Ghost Festival, even many bandits abrogate many things, just to avoid encountering bad luck. So even in folk belief, spirits and ghosts are best kept at a respectful distance. It is a pity that it is packaged as a carnival, exciting, laissez-faire holiday, in the commercial incentives to promote Halloween into the third festival after Christmas and Thanksgiving, this time of year under the cover of darkness to confuse the world, along with the dance of death rhythm to worship fear and death.
Endemic areas
The Halloween Doll
Halloween is popular mainly in the English-speaking world, such as the British Isles and North America, followed by Australia and New Zealand. Nowadays, the young generation in some Asian countries also tend to celebrate the "foreign festival". On Halloween eve, some large foreign supermarkets will set up special shelves to sell Halloween toys, and small vendors will also sell some Halloween related dolls or models to attract young people's eyes.
All customs
Festival customs
Trick or treat
Halloween is the most "haunted" time of the year, all kinds of ghosts, pirates, aliens and witches are out in force. Before the age of Christ, the Celts held ceremonies at the end of summer to thank God and the sun for its blessings. Soothsayers lit and practiced witchcraft to drive away the demons and spirits that were said to roam around. Later, the Roman harvest festival of nuts and apples merged with the Celtic festival of October 31. In the Middle Ages, people dressed up in animal costumes and scary masks to drive away the ghosts of the night on Halloween. Although Christianity later replaced Celtic and Roman religious practices, the early customs have survived. Children playfully dress up in costumes and masks for Halloween dances, which are surrounded by papier-mache witches, black cats, ghosts, and skeletons, and by wining or hideous jack-o '-lanterns hanging from Windows and doorways.
On Halloween, children carrying jack-o '-lanterns and wearing all kinds of strange costumes go from house to house asking for candy, saying, "trick or treat." If you don't give them candy, the children will get angry and punish you in various ways, such as taking out the garbage in your house and so on, until you give them candy. Traditionally people would dress up as elves and go from house to house begging for food. Their BELIEF WAS TO GIVE THE ELVES WORSHIP AND FOOD TO PLEASE THEM, OTHERWISE THE ELVES WOULD PLAY TRICKS ON THEM, such AS BLOCKED CHIMneys, cattle AND sheep lost, thrown yellow and white, and so on. Another way to fool or scare away the evil spirits is to act like them, in the belief that the evil spirits will not harm them.
From the 17th century onwards, the tradition of celebrating Halloween died out in southern England, in favour of the Gunpowder Plot, which is celebrated on 5 November. But Halloween is still popular in Scotland, Ireland and northern England. It wasn't until the early 2000s that southern England started celebrating Halloween again, but in a completely American way.
The most popular game on Halloween is "biting for apples". During the game, people let the apples float in a basin filled with water, and then let the children bite the apples with their mouths without using their hands. Whoever bites the apples first is the winner.
Halloween originated from the New Year festival of the ancient Celtic nation. It is also a time to sacrifice the spirits of the dead. While avoiding the interference of evil spirits, it is also a time to sacrifice food to the ancestral spirits and good spirits to pray for a safe winter. That night, the children will wear costumes and masks and go from house to house collecting candy.
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