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托�？谡Z考試中的“隱形殺手” 警惕語法陷阱
可能有很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為托福(課程)考試只有在閱讀和寫作中會(huì)考語法，其實(shí)托�？谡Z一樣會(huì)考察語法知識(shí)。而且托福口語考試對(duì)語法的考察難度更大，因?yàn)榭忌诖痤}時(shí)是沒有時(shí)間考慮語法規(guī)則的使用的，要把對(duì)語法的使用變成一種潛意識(shí)的“習(xí)慣”。很多考生考完語法后自我感覺良好，可是拿到成績單后卻大跌眼鏡，殊不知都是這些隱形的殺手在作怪。
殺手一號(hào)：主謂一致
以下是學(xué)生課上答題的答案，大家能看出來這個(gè)同學(xué)的答案哪里錯(cuò)了?
Imagine that a guy drive along the high way where have a lot of billboards advertising cars. One billboard advertise a car called panther. This guy drive by, but he don’t notice that. If you ask him later to name an animal that start with letter “P”. Instead of saying pig, he say panther. He have no conscious memory about the billboard, but the billboard had an effect on him.
正確答案是：
Imagine that a guy driveS along the high way where ‚HAS a lot of billboards advertising cars. One billboardƒ advertiseS a car called panther. This guy ④driveS by, but he⑤ DOESN’T notice that. If you ask him later to name an animal that ⑥startS with letter “P”. Instead of saying pig, he ⑦sayS panther. He ⑧ HAS no conscious memory about the billboard, but the billboard had an effect on him.
錯(cuò)誤原因：
主語是第三人稱時(shí)，謂語還是原型，并沒有變形。其實(shí)，除了主語是第三人稱時(shí)謂語要做第三人稱單數(shù)的變形，當(dāng)主語是名詞性從句，動(dòng)詞不定式，和動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，謂語也要用第三人稱單數(shù)。
殺手二號(hào)：時(shí)態(tài)一致
過去時(shí)的使用是時(shí)態(tài)使用中較為簡單的一種�？墒牵龅皆诖痤}時(shí)需要使用過去時(shí)的時(shí)候都記得要使用過去時(shí)卻沒那么容易。同學(xué)在答題時(shí)會(huì)把注意力集中到語言的組織上，無暇顧及時(shí)態(tài)，所以常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的混用。請(qǐng)大家看看下面這位同學(xué)的答案有什么問題：
I went out to a movie yesterday, and I watch Smurfs 2. After the movie, I had dinner with friends.
這個(gè)同學(xué)描述的是昨天做的事情。前面記得用過去時(shí)，說著說著，變成了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，到最后又變回了過去時(shí)。
正確答案：
I went out to a movie yesterday, and I watchED Smurfs 2. After the movie, I had dinner with friends.
殺手三號(hào)：人稱一致
人稱一致問題是同學(xué)在答托福Task5的時(shí)候慣犯的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。Task5是學(xué)生困難和解決題，一男一女進(jìn)行對(duì)話。對(duì)話中一個(gè)同學(xué)敘述自己遇到的問題，另外一個(gè)同學(xué)提出解決方案，題目要求是復(fù)述學(xué)生的困難和解決方案等。學(xué)生答題時(shí)一會(huì)兒用she,一會(huì)兒用he, 無法自拔。我們來看看下面這個(gè)同學(xué)是怎么答題的：
In the conversation, the man has a problem that he forgot his paper home, but today is the due date. He has two options. First, she can drive back to get his paper. If he hurries, she can come back before the class is over. Second, he can e-mail the paper to her professor later, but .................
這篇對(duì)話描述的是一個(gè)男生同學(xué)遇到的問題以及他可能選擇的解決方案有哪些�？墒沁@位答題的同學(xué)開頭用的是he, 后面就不斷的蹦出了she.
為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象呢?在漢語中不管是“他”還是“她”，發(fā)音是一樣的。我們從來不會(huì)說“男他”，“女她”。導(dǎo)致我們?cè)谡f英語(精品課)的時(shí)候總是把he,she混淆。
正確答案：
In the conversation, the man has a problem that he forgot his paper home, but today is the due date. He has two options. First, he can drive back to get his paper. If he hurries, he can come back before the class is over. Second, he can e-mail the paper to his professor later, but .................
殺手四號(hào)：名詞復(fù)數(shù)
在托�？谡Z答題中使用到可數(shù)名詞時(shí)要么前面加“the”表特指，要么前面加“a”表個(gè)別，要么后面加“s”表一群。可同學(xué)答題時(shí)往往把可數(shù)名詞孤零零放在那兒，什么也不加。我們看看下面這個(gè)同學(xué)是怎么答題的：
Pronghorn live in North America. They run super fast. Why do they run fast? Long time ago, lion lived in North America, chase and prey pronghorns. Lion are faster than other predators today. Now, lion are extinct. They are no longer predator for pronghorn. But back then, pronghorns’ speed was critical to their survival.
答案中所加下劃線的部分都是可數(shù)名詞，后面都要加“s”.
正確答案：
Pronghorns live in North America. They run super fast. Why do they run fast? Long time ago, lions lived in North America, chase and prey pronghorns. Lions are faster than other predators today. Now, lions are extinct. They are no longer predators for pronghorn. But back then, pronghorns’ speed was critical to their survival.
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