GMAT寫作七宗罪詳細分析

　　GMAT寫作七宗罪在GMAT寫作中的地位不容小覷，考生想要獲得GMAT寫作高分就必須對GMAT寫作七宗罪有全面準確的理解，這樣才能保證GMAT作文的質(zhì)量。接下來小編就GMAT寫作七宗罪為大家做詳細介紹，希望對大家的GMAT寫作備考有幫助。

　　一、什么是“七宗罪”

　　GMAT作文七宗罪是指GMAT駁論文Argument題目中存在的邏輯漏洞或錯誤，考生根據(jù)考試中常見的邏輯漏洞和考察方向把其總結(jié)為“七宗罪”，既形象又方便參加GMAT考試備考的考生進行背誦。考生在備考時可以按照七宗罪中的邏輯錯誤類型進行有目的的查找，一方面節(jié)省了考試時間，另一方面確保找到的邏輯錯誤的準確，對于提升GMAT寫作效率也非常有幫助。

　　通常考生所說的七宗罪指的就是：第一宗罪：無因果聯(lián)系，第二宗罪：樣本不足，第三宗罪：錯誤類比(橫向)第四宗罪：時地全等(沒有用發(fā)展的觀點看待問題)，第五宗罪：二者擇一(非此即彼)，第六宗罪：可疑調(diào)查，第七宗罪：結(jié)論無據(jù)(無根據(jù)假設(shè))。可能個別地方的叫法不完全一樣，考生只要知道其表達的真正意義即可。

　　二、七宗罪包含哪些內(nèi)容

　　第一宗罪：無因果聯(lián)系，是指作者給出的解釋和得出的結(jié)論沒有因果上的聯(lián)系，或者是二者毫不相關(guān)。

　　The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification. The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred before B, the former event is responsible for the latter. But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D.

　　第二宗罪 樣本不足，是指給出的論據(jù)或例子不充分，不足以說明某個問題，不能支撐作者得出這樣的結(jié)論。

　　The evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is logically unsounded to establish a general conclusion, unless it can be shown that A1 is representative of all A. It is possible that.... In fact, in face of such limited evidence, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted.

　　第三宗罪: 錯誤類比，即把毫不相關(guān)的兩個事物拿來作比較，并由此得出一些結(jié)論。

　　The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects. This assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison between A and B, there is much dissimilarity as well. For example, A..., however, B.... Thus, it is likely much more difficult for B to do....

　　第四宗罪 時地全等，主要是指沒有用發(fā)展的觀點看待問題，拿過去的事例和現(xiàn)在的作對比，并由此得出結(jié)論。

　　The author commits the fallacy of “all things are equal”. The fact that happened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that.... The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations. However, it is not clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same as they used to be two years ago. Thus it is impossible to conclude that....

　　第五宗罪 二者擇一，即限制了結(jié)論的范圍，按照非此即彼的觀點得出結(jié)論。

　　The author assumes that AA and BB are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or choice. Common sense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce better results.

　　第六宗罪 可疑調(diào)查，指作者提供的證據(jù)是片面的或者是有限的，不能保證結(jié)論的順利推出。

　　The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate who conducted the poll, who responded, or when, where and how the poll was conducted. Until these questions are answered, the results of the survey are worthless as evidence for the conclusion.

　　第七宗罪 結(jié)論無據(jù)，指得出的結(jié)論是毫無根據(jù)的，或者是前面的假設(shè)是不能成立的。

　　The author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that.... However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption. In fact, this is not necessarily the case. For example, it is more likely that.... Therefore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility。

　　考生在利用七宗罪進行文章論證的時候一定要注意這些邏輯錯誤的攻擊點在哪里，掌握GMAT寫作的主要反駁方法。這樣能夠使大家的論證更加充分，更加有理有據(jù)。總之，大家要切記，GMAT寫作離不開七宗罪，七宗罪更有可能讓你的文章脫穎而出。

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