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英語專業(yè)八級漢譯英翻譯提分題
我的努力求學(xué)沒有得到別的好處,只不過是愈來愈發(fā)覺自己的無知。以下是小編為大家搜索整理的英語專業(yè)八級漢譯英翻譯提分題,希望對正在關(guān)注的您有所幫助!更多精彩內(nèi)容請及時關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!
part 1
一個人生活在世上,就好像水泥攪拌器里的石子一樣,運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)起來之后,身不由己。使我們感覺到,不是某一個人的問題,而是社會問題,而是文化問題。耶穌臨死的時候說:“寬容他們!他們做的他們不知道。”年輕時候讀這句話,覺得稀松平常,長大之后,也覺得這句話沒有力量。但是到了我現(xiàn)在這個年齡,才發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話多么深奧,多么痛心。使我想到我們中國人,成了今天這個樣子,我們的丑陋,來自于我們不知道我們丑陋。我到愛荷華,我們夫婦的經(jīng)費(fèi)是由愛荷華大學(xué)出一半,再由私人捐助一半,捐助一半的是愛荷華燕京飯店老板,一位從沒有回過中國的中國人裴竹章先生,我們從前沒見過面,捐了一個這么大的數(shù)目,使我感動。他和我談話,他說:“我在沒有看你的書之前,我覺得中國人了不起,看了你的書之后,才覺得不是那么一回事,所以說,我想請你當(dāng)面指教。”
背景介紹
《丑陋的中國人》是臺灣作家柏楊先生的著名作品,其實(shí)是一部他在各地以《丑陋的'中國人》為題演講的合集。作者指出中國傳統(tǒng)文化有一種濾過性疾病,這種疾病使我們的子子孫孫受感染,到今天也不能痊愈。這篇雜文雖不如魯迅先生的雜文來得犀利,但是更為深刻,翻譯時要注意用詞。
難點(diǎn)解析
1. “一個人生活在世上 ……”:這里 “一個人生活在世上” ,無需譯成 “when people live in this world”, 只需要翻譯成“life is like...”,這樣更顯簡練。
2. 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)起來之后:這里用“toss”更好,因?yàn)槭窃谒鄶嚢杵骼铮?ldquo;toss”更能體現(xiàn)出攪拌的意味。
3. 身不由己:這里的意思是身處社會中,人失去對自己的控制 ,所以用 “loses control of its own existence”更為貼切。
4. “使我們感覺到,不是某一個人的問題,而是社會問題,而是文化問題。”:在這句話的翻譯中,作者增譯 “I could cite similar analogies”以此作為強(qiáng)調(diào)。“不是 ……而是 ……”可以使用 “not ...but ...”句型 ,中文喜用散句 ,而英文喜用整句 ,故此句可合譯為一句話 : “The conclusion I always come to is that the problems of the Chinese people are not individual but rather social and cultural problems.”。
5. 耶穌臨死的時候說:“寬容他們!他們做的他們不知道。”:圣經(jīng)中多用簡單詞匯;所以即使沒有讀過圣經(jīng),也可以譯出。全句譯為:Before he died, Jesus said, “Forgive them, for they know not what they do”。
6. “年輕時候讀這句話 ,覺得稀松平常……”: “稀松平常”如果翻譯成 “common things”則太顯平淡,如用兩個形容詞“bland”和“frivolous”表明“稀松”和 “平常”則更奪人眼球。
7.“……這句話沒有力量” :說 明作者覺得上述所言缺乏實(shí)質(zhì) ,不能給人力量 ,故可譯為 “lacked substance”,如若譯成: “statement lacks power.”則顯得不地道 。
8.“但是到了我現(xiàn)在這個年齡”:此句中“到了我現(xiàn)在這個年齡”如若譯成 “when it comes to my age”略顯累贅,只需譯為“now”就可以了。
9. “……才發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話多么深奧,多么痛心”: “才發(fā)現(xiàn) …… ” 可用強(qiáng)調(diào)句式“Only...”的倒裝句,“發(fā)現(xiàn)”一詞可以用“appreciate” ,透露出作者隨年齡增長能品味出 “Jesus’ statement”的意義。全句譯為:“Only now do I appreciate its profundity and bitter irony.”這里用“bitter irony”來表明作者的痛苦,諷刺 。
10. “使我想到我們中國人,成了今天這個樣子,我們的丑陋,來自于我們不知道我們丑 陋” :整句話缺少一個主語 ,但是從整個句子可以看出,主語為“Jesus’ statement” , 但因前文已用過 “statement”一詞 ,故此處可以用“word”代替。“來自于”可以譯成“grow out of”, “out of”有“出于……”的意思。全句譯為:“Jesus’ words taught me that the Chinese people’s ugliness grows out of our own ignorance of the fact that we are ugly.”。
參考譯文
Life is a little bit like a stone in a cement mixer; when it gets tossed around with the other ingredients, it loses control of its own existence. I could cite similar analogies, but the conclusion I always come to is that the problems of the Chinese people are not individual but rather social and cultural problems. Before he died, Jesus said, “Forgive them, for they know not what they do”. When I first heard that statement as a child, I thought it rather bland and frivolous, and as I grew older I continued to feel that it lacked substance. Only now do I appreciate its profundity and bitter irony. Jesus’ words taught me that the Chinese people’s ugliness grows out of our own ignorance of the fact that we are ugly. The expenses for our trip to the United States were borne by Iowa University and Pei Zhuzhang, the owner of the Yenching Restaurant in Iowa City. Pei is a Chinese-American who had never set foot on China, nor met me before.
His generosity moved me deeply. He said, “Before reading your books, I felt that the Chinese people were a great people. After reading them my thinking changed entirely. Your books inspired me and made me want to hear you speak in person.”
part 2
有一種人我最不喜歡和他下棋,那便是太有涵養(yǎng)的人。殺死他一大塊,或是抽了他一個車,他神色自若,不動火,不生氣,好像是無關(guān)痛癢,使得你覺得索然寡味。君子無所爭,下棋卻是要爭的。當(dāng)你給對方一個嚴(yán)重威脅的時候,對方的頭上青筋暴露,黃豆般的汗珠一顆顆地在額上陳列出來,或哭喪著臉作慘笑,或咕嘟著嘴作吃屎狀,或抓耳撓腮,或大叫一聲,或長吁短嘆,或自怨自艾口中念念有詞,或一串串的噎嗝打個不休,或紅頭漲臉如關(guān)公,種種現(xiàn)象,不一而足,這時節(jié)你“行有余力”便可以點(diǎn)起一支煙,或啜一碗茶,靜靜地欣賞對方的苦悶的象征。我想獵人困逐一只野兔的時候,其愉快大概略相仿佛。因此我悟出一點(diǎn)道理,和人下棋的時候,如果有機(jī)會使對方受窘,當(dāng)然無所不用其極,如果被對方所窘,便努力作出不介意狀,因?yàn)榧炔荒芊e極地給對方以煩惱,只好消極地減少對方的樂趣。
背景介紹
《下棋》是梁實(shí)秋散文中較有代表性的一篇,其顯著特點(diǎn)之一,就是細(xì)致入微地寫出了下棋、觀棋和悟棋的獨(dú)到而深刻的感受。下棋的最大樂趣在于自己局勢有利時,靜靜地欣賞對方痛苦不堪的種種窘態(tài)。梁實(shí)秋先生一口氣用了八個“或”字,把對方的`窘態(tài)繪聲繪色、惟妙惟肖地列舉出來,使人如臨其境,如聞其聲。而在自己處于下風(fēng)時,也應(yīng)不動聲色,減少對方的樂趣。
難點(diǎn)解析
1. 君子無所爭: “君子”即 “gentleman”, “爭”即 “競爭”(contest ),下棋也算是兩人間的比賽 ,所以這里選用“contest”。全句譯為“A real gentleman seldom contests with others.”。
2. “下棋卻是要爭的”:這里的“爭”也有 “競爭”的意思,但更含有一種想贏的心態(tài) ,因此譯為“do sb. down”,有“勝過某人”的意思。全句譯為“He will, however, seek to do his opponent down in a game of chess.”。
3. “當(dāng)你給對方一個嚴(yán)重威脅的時候”:譯為“when you put him on the spot”,詞組“put sb. on the spot”意思是“使人為難,使某人陷入窘境”。
4. “頭上青筋暴露”:“青筋”即“blue veins”,全句譯為“see blue veins standing out on his temples”,“頭上”譯為“on the temples”,“temple”指“太陽穴”。
5. “黃豆般的汗珠”: “黃豆般的”即“the size of soybean”,故詞組譯為“drops of cold sweat the size of soybean”。
6. “一顆顆地在額上陳列出來”:“一顆顆”并不需要譯出 ,因?yàn)榍懊娴?ldquo;drops”一詞已經(jīng)體現(xiàn)出來 了。
7. “哭喪著臉作慘笑”:“哭喪著臉”譯為“a long face”,即“悶悶不樂的,不悅的臉色”。 “慘笑”譯為“a wan smile”,“wan”原意為“無血色的,蒼白的”。全句譯為 “...wear a wan smile on his long face”。
8. “咕嘟著嘴作吃屎狀”:意思是 “涵養(yǎng)低的人落下風(fēng)時嘟囔著嘴心情不好”,譯為 “purse his lips in displeasure”,“purse”指“皺起 ,縮攏”。
9. “抓耳撓腮”:“scratch his head”。
10. “大叫一聲”:“let out a sharp cry”。“cry”一般指因恐懼、痛苦、驚奇等而喊叫。“shout”指有意識地高聲喊叫 ,常用于提出警告、發(fā)出指令或喚起注意等。“exclaim ”多指因高興、憤怒、痛苦、驚訝等突發(fā)感情而高聲喊叫。“roar”指發(fā)出大而深沉的聲音、吼叫或咆哮 。 “scream”指因恐懼、快樂或痛苦而發(fā)出的尖叫聲。“shriek”指因驚恐 、痛苦等或其他感情而發(fā)出比scream更為尖銳、刺耳的叫聲。“yell”多指求援 、鼓勵時的呼叫,也可指因外界因素刺激而發(fā)出尖厲的聲音。“call”指大聲說話或喊叫,以引起某人 的注意。
11. “長吁短嘆” :譯為“sigh and groan”。“sigh”即“嘆息,嘆氣 ”,“groan”即 “呻吟 ,抱怨”。
12. “自怨自艾口中念念有詞”:“自怨自艾”譯為“bitterly”即可“口中念念有詞”譯為 “repent his folly”,“repent”指 “后悔、懺悔”,“folly”指“愚蠢 、荒唐事”。
13. “一串串的噎嗝打個不休”: “打嗝譯為 “hiccup”,全句譯為“keep hiccupping unceasingly”。
14. “紅頭漲臉如關(guān)公” :譯為“flush crimson with shame”。“flush”即“發(fā)紅,發(fā)亮”。 “crimson”即 “深紅色”。
15. “行有余力”: “feeling carefree”。
16. “啜一碗茶”: “啜”在這里譯為名詞 “sip” , “sip”有 “啜飲、抿 、小口喝”的意思 ,全句譯為 “take a sip from your teacup”。
17. “靜靜地欣賞對方 的苦 悶的象征”:“欣賞”譯為“savor ” ,因?yàn)?ldquo;savor ”有 “盡情享受”的意思 ,可 以體現(xiàn)出 占上風(fēng)者 的從容 、愜意 。全句譯為 “savor the signs of your opponent’s discomfort”。
18. “我想獵人 困逐一只野兔 的時候 ,其愉快大概略相仿佛”:“其愉快大概略相仿佛”譯為“the pleasure is by no means less than...” ,用“by no means less than”表示做強(qiáng)調(diào)。“獵人困逐一只野兔”要注意“困”字,可以譯為“at one’s mercy” ,表示野兔任其擺布。全句譯為“The pleasure you have from it, I believe, is by no means less than that a hunter gets from a deadbeat rabbit at his mercy.”。
參考譯文
The last man I would like to play chess with is a man with too much self-control. When he sees a huge piece of his position taken by his opponent (as in Go), or a chariot, lost to his opponent through an erroneous move (as in Chinese chess), he remains calm and unruffled, as if nothing whatever has happened. And that air of him will surely make you feel flat and insipid.A real gentleman seldom contests with others; he will, however, seek to do his opponent down in a game of chess. When you put him on the spot, you can expect to see blue veins standing out on his temples and drops of cold sweat the size of soybean appearing on his forehead. He will either wear a wan smile on his long face, or purse his lips in displeasure, or scratch his head, or let out a sharp cry, or sigh and groan, or bitterly repent his folly, or keep hiccupping unceasingly, or flush crimson with shame, and such like. And at such a moment, feeling care-free, you can light a cigarette or just take a sip from your teacup and savor the signs of your opponent ’s discomfort. The pleasure you have from it, I believe, is by no means less than that a hunter gets from a deadbeat rabbit at his mercy. And from this I have found out something—when engaged in a game of chess, you should resort to every conceivable means to embarrass your opponent, and try hard to remain calm when you yourself fall into difficulty. If you are unable to cause your opponent to suffer, why not try to let him find as little pleasure as possible from your trouble?
選 自 《中國體育(中英文版 )》
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