職稱英語(yǔ)綜合A類閱讀理解解析
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Before the nineteenth century，scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings，but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.
For most people the sea was remote，and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea，there was little reason to ask many questions about it，let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.The first time that the question "What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.
It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned，in 1853，for information on this matter.In the 1840s，Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.Later，some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea..
The cable was laid，but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable.At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths，a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
"Defied" in the last sentence probably means _____.
A doubted
B gave proof to
C challenged
D agreed to
本題是考查應(yīng)試者根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行詞義猜測(cè)的能力。defied是defy的過(guò)去式，根據(jù)最后一句可以推測(cè)它的詞義，但必須完全讀懂defied前后部分的意思：前一部分是說(shuō)從海底撈出的電纜上覆蓋著各種各樣的生物，后一部分是當(dāng)時(shí)的科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為海底深處是沒(méi)有生命的。由此可見(jiàn)，前一部分的"事實(shí)"(…，a fact which…)是"批駁"后一部分的"觀點(diǎn)"。所以，選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。"challenged"這個(gè)詞的原意是"向……挑戰(zhàn)"，因而有"對(duì)……持異議""反對(duì)"的意思，其賓語(yǔ)常常是某種意見(jiàn)、觀點(diǎn)或權(quán)威
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