2015年職稱英語考試《理工類B級》沖刺試題（一）
第四部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
第一篇
Urban Rainforest
On the west side of the island of Manhattan inNew York City, tree by tree, leaf by leaf, a 2,500 square foot sector of the CentralAfrican Republic's Dzanga Ndoki Rainforest has been transported to, orrecreated at, the American Museum of Natural History's new half of biodiversity.When the hall opens this May, visitors will visit one of the world's biggestand most accurate reproduction of one of nature's most threatened creations.
To bring the rainforest to New York, a team ofnearly two dozen scientists--the largest collecting expedition the museum hasever organised for an exhibit--spent five weeks in the African rainforestcollecting soil, plants, and leaves; recording and documenting species; studyingtrees; shooting videotape and still photos; and interviewing local people. “Thisarea has been explored very little,” says Hoel Cracraft who estimates that the museum willeventually collect 150 to 180 mammals, more than 300 species of birds, hundredsof butterflies, and hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of organisms. Theexhibition may even have produced a special prize--scientists suspect they haveuncovered several new species.
To give the forest a sense of realness, theback wall of the exhibit is an enormous video-screen, sounds will come out fromhidden speakers, and plans even call or forest smells. Computer controls willvary the effects so that no two walkthroughs will ever be exactly the same.
After the team returned to New York, the forest was reproduced with thehelp of the computer. Computer modelling programmes plotted distances andspecial relationships. Artists studied photos and brought what they saw to life.Plaster trees were made. Recreated animals began to stand in the rainforest ofthe hall. Flying creatures will hang from the ceiling. The light in the forest-one of the exhibit's cleverest re-creations--will seem real. Longtube lights will have the correct colour and temperature to produce a naturaleffect. The plants and animals exhibited throughout the hall exist naturally ina perfect balance-remove one, and the whole is imperfect if not endangered. Theexhibit is proof to the hope that the world's rain-forests will never existsolely as a carefully preserved artifact.
31 What is this passage mainly about? __________
A The history of the American Museum of Natural History.
B The reproduction of the rainforest at a New York museum.
C Visitors' interest in the rainforest reproduction at a New Yorkmuseum.
D Saving rainforests in the Central African Republic.
32 How did the museum collect the data in the Central African Republic?_____
A It sent a large team of scientists there.
B It cooperated with many African scientists.
C It recruited local people to collect mammals, etc.
D It sent camerament to shoot videotapes.
33 To give the forest a sense of realness, all the following are usedEXCEPT that __________.
A hidden loudspeakers are used to produce forest sound
B a huge videoscreen is put up on the back wall
C special equipment is employed to produce forest smells
D the forest is surrounded by front and back walls
34 What is the main theme of the last paragraph? __________
A The layout of the rainforest exhibition.
B The balance between animals and plants.
C The clever design of lighting.
D Preservation of the rainforest exhibition as an artifact.
35 What does the last sentence of the passage most probably mean?__________
A The rainforest in the Central African Republic will be preservedforever.
B The well-designed exhibit will be preserved as an artifact.
C The exhibit reflects the hope that natural rainforests will he wellpreserved.
D The exhibit of the rainforest in the museum is the sole one in theworld.
第二篇
U.S. Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer
Death rates from cancer tare falling for allAmericans, but black Americans are still more likely to died of cancer thanwhites, the American Cancer Society said Monday.
In a special report on cancer and blacks, theorganization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites,and they are more likely to die of the disease.
This could be because of unequal access tomedical care, because blacks are more likely to have other diseases likediabetes as well, and perhaps because of differences in the biology of thecancer itself, the report added.
“In general, African Americans have lesslikelihood of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for all cancersites and all stages of diagnosis,” the report said.
“In describing cancer statistics for AfricanAmericans, this report recognizes that socioeconomic disparities and unequalaccess to medical care may underlie many of the differences associated withrace,” the cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-upsearlier, when cancer is more treatable, and it said more research was needed tosee if biological differences play a role.
“The new statistics emphasize the continuingimportance of eliminating these social disparities through public policy andeducation efforts,” the organization said in a statement.
But it also noted a drop in cancer deathrates.
“Cancer death rates in both sexes for allsites combined have declined substantially among African Americans since 1992,as have incidence rates,” says the report.
“Increased efforts to improve economicconditions in combination with education about the relationship of lifestylechoices to cancer could further reduce the burden of cancer among AfricanAmericans.”
About 36 million Americans describe themselvesas black, representing about 12 percent of the population.
36 Black Americans are more likely to die of cancer than __________.
A white people all over the world
B white people in America
C all other Americans
D their ancestors
37 All the following are probably related to higher cancer death ratesamong black Americans EXCEPT __________.
A access to medical care.
B lifestyle choices.
C economic conditions. Percentage of the population.
D percentage of the population.
38 Cancer is more treatable if it is detected __________.
A in an early stage
B together with other diseases
C during checkups
D in elderly people
39 Amore research is needed to see if there is a link betweenbiological differences and __________.
A cancer sites
B stages of diagnosis
C cancer death rates
D socioeconomic disparities
40 Since 1992, cancer incidence rates among black Americans __________.
A have been going up and down
B have remained stable
C have increased
D have fallen
第三篇
Cousteau Remembered
Jacques-Ives Cousteau died in Paris on 26 June, 1997 at the age of 87. Hisinfluence is great. Scientists respected his creative engineering; engineerspraised his science. Cousteau, who claimed to be neither scientist norengineer, contributed significantly to both disciplines—and to many more.
Throughout his adventure-filled life, Cousteauchallenged definitions. Yes, he was a captain in the French Navy, and early on,a filmmaker and natural storyteller. Later, he became a famous ocean explorer,designer of underwater equipment, expedition leader, author, speaker,businessman, environmentalist, teacher and leader of an influential organization(the Cousteau Society).
All who care about the sea—and even those who don't think much about the ocean one way oranother—owe Cousteau a tremendous debt. The knowledgegained as a consequence of his direct contributions, and the strong impact hehad on others, have transformed the way the world thinks about the sea. Hisstories of encounters with sharks and other fish inspired many to go seethemselves. Cousteau pioneered ventures in underwater living in the 1960's: sub-sealabs where scientists submerged for days or weeks-theunderwater labs similar to Skylab or the space station. His films andtelevision programmes won two Academy Rewards, three Emnies, and the hearts andminds of viewers worldwide for decades.
Showered with honours, Cousteau remarkedrecently that he thought his most important accomplishment was to make peopleaware of-and care about-the ocean: Thanks to him, we grew concerned about our growingpopulation and the consequences of over fishing and ocean pollution that threatenthe health of the sea, and we were inspired to do something to improve the waythings are done.
We shared the sad feeling with Cousteau whenSimone, his wife and partner for many years, died and when his son Phillippewas killed in a plane crash. We shared his joy when Jean-Michel, his eldestson, became an explorer and a spokesman for the sea in his own right. We werehappy for Cousteau when he began a new family with his second wife, Fracine.And now that his voice of the ocean is silenced, we feel very sad.
41 According to the passage, Cousteau's influence is great because he__________.
A was both a scientist and an engineer
B invented Skylab
C made contributions to science and engineering
D was a captain in the French Navy
42 From the second paragraph, we know that __________.
A Cousteau did not like any scientific definitions
B Cousteau wrote many adventure-filled stories
C Cousteau's main job was protecting environment
D Cousteau's contributions were not limited to science and engineering
43 Of all the careers he followed, his main concern was concentrated on_________.
A building the sub-water labs
B ocean and ocean pollution
C making films and television programmes
D writing encounters with sea animals, such as sharks
44 What debt do we owe Cousteau according to Paragraphs 3 and 4?__________
A His work has made us realize we should improve the way things aredone.
B His contributions have pushed science toward a higher stage ofdevelopment.
C His invention of sub-sea labs has made ocean exploration easier.
D His adventures have made people go and see the sea.
45 Which of the following statement about Cousteau's family life is NOTtrue? _________
A His second wife died some time ago.
B His son Philippe was killed in a plane crash.
C His first wife died before Cousteau.
D His elder son became the spokesman for the sea.