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2015年職稱英語《綜合類C級》考試教材新增
第三篇 Across the Deserts
The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa from Senegal to Egypt. The Sahara Desert is an unfriendly environment. During the day it's very hot, and at night it’s sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in the Sahara.
In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves, and this would be a very big test.
On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across the Sahara. Every morning they began running at 5:00. At11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran and ran.
Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That's a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water.
The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot (140°F/60°C) during the day, and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn't see. One time they got lost. But they didn't quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray; and Charlie successfully finished their trip across the Sahara Desert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of the Red Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower.
詞匯：
stretch v. 延伸，伸展
calorie n. 卡(路里)，小卡，大卡
quit v. 停止，放
注釋：
1. ... made the decision to run across ...：......決正跑步橫跨......
練習：
1. It’s not always hot m the Sahara Desert.
A. Right B. Wrong C. mentioned
2. Each day the men ran for approximately eight hours.
A. Right B. Wrong C. mentioned
3. In the middle of the day: the men usually stopped running.
A. Right B. Wrong C. mentioned
4. They sometimes felt sick because it was so hot.
A. Right B. Wrong C. mentioned
5. Sometimes they couldn't see the road because it was windy.
A. Right B. Wrong C. mentioned
6. Luckily, they never got lost.
A. Right B. Wrong C. mentioned
7. On their trip across the desert: the three men ran through five countries.
A. Right B. Wrong C. mentioned
答案與題解：
1. A 文中提到撒哈拉沙漠白天很熱晚上有時很冷，所以不是總是很熱。題干表述正確。
2. B 文中提到三人每天從早上5點開始跑一直到上午11點，又從下午5點開始跑到晚上9點半，所以總共跑10.5個小時。題干表述不正確。
3. A 文中講到三人上午11點停下來休息一直到下午5點再繼續跑，所以在一天的中午，他們停止跑步。題干表述正確。
4. A 原文中講到高溫使他們生病。所以題干表述正確。
5. A 文中提到有時刮起大風導致他們什么也看不到，所以他們會因為起風而看不到路。題干表述正確。
6. B 文中最后一段講到他們有一次迷路了，所以不是從來沒有迷路。題干表述不正確。
7. C 文中只提到他們挎越沙漠的長度，并沒有提到穿過幾個國家。所以，題干表述文中沒有提到。
第六篇 Native American Pottery
There are several American Indian groups in the Southwest that still make beautiful pottery. Someof this pottery may be sold at fairly high prices. But the makers consider their work as more than a commercial enterprise. By using methods handed downfor generations, the potters express their pride in their cultural inheritance.
Some of the most interesting pottery is made by the Pueblo Indians. There are 21 individual pueblos in Arizona and New Mexico. Several are famous for their craftsmanship.To make a pot, these potters use a clay base and add long thin coils of clay toit in a spiral pattern. When they have reached the size they want, they use an implement such as a rock or shell to smooth the surfaces of the pot.
How a pot is decorated and fired depends on the traditions of the group making it. Traditional pottery produced by the Acoma, who have lived for centuries on a high mesa in NewMexico, is first painted with a clay slip. The resulting pots: which are prizedfor their delicacy and strength, may be left white. They may also be painted with black and white patterns or with a combination of black, orange, and brown.
Very distinctive black pottery comes from the San Ildefonso and Santa Clara pueblos. The black coloris the result of carbon being released from the animal manure in which the potis fired. Some artisans hand –rub this ware to a shiny gloss. Others cut patterns into it: resulting in a part shiny: part fiat surface. Potters at SailIldefonso make many types of wares. Potters at Santa Clara are especially known for wedding jars-jars with two necks connected by a handle.
Other groups such as the Hopi and the Cochiti also make pottery. Each group uses distinctive methods and produces distinctive forms and designs.
詞匯：
pottery n. 陶器
distinctive adj. 特別的，有特色的
enterprise n. 事業，產業，實業
inheritance n. 遺產
manure n. 肥料，糞肥
craftsmanship n. 手藝
artisan n. 精美，精致
注釋：
1.... handed down for generations… ……世代相傳……
2.…hand-rub this ware to a shiny gloss… ……親手揉搓罐子表面，使它光澤平滑……
練習：
1.In the first paragraph the word “commercial” means_________.
A.having to do with advertising products on TV
B.having to do with advertising products on TV
C.large- scale
D.artistic
2.The second paragraph in the passage is developed mainly through_________.
A.steps in a process
B.description of objects
C.the telling of a story
D.examples
3.The Sail Ildefonso pueblo is known for_________.
A.black pottery
B.wedding jars
C.thin and delicate shapes
D.black, brown, and orange pots
4.Traditional methods of making pottery_________.
A.are rarely used anymore
B.take a lot of time
C.are not of interest to pottery collectors
D.will soon be complete replaced
5.Another good title for this passage would be_________.
A.How to Make a Pot
B.Living on a High Mesa
C.The Indians of Arizona and New Mexico
D.An Old Art Still Practiced
答案與題解：
1. B 前文提到一些陶器會以高價賣出，可以推測commercial在這里的意思是買賣交易。所以，答案是選項B。
2. A 第二段主要講制作一個罐子的步驟，不是在對罐子的形態進行描述，也沒有講具體的例子或者故事。所以，答案是選項A。
3. A 第四段第一句話提到具有特色的黑色陶器是有圣伊爾德豐索部落的普韋布洛人制作的，最后一句提到圣克拉拉部落的陶器尤其以他的婚禮罐子聞名，選項C、D與題干無關，所以答案是選項A。
4. B 根據文中制作的陶器的過程可以推測出制作陶器的過程很復雜因而費時，選項A、C、D文中均有提及，故可排除。
5. D 本文主要介紹了美國本土一些印第安部落的陶器特點及制作過程。選項A過于片面，選項B、C 與文章主旨無關，因此答案是選項D。
第三篇 The Value of Tears
Tears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. They can leave you embarrassed and without energy. However,crying is a fact of life…and tears are veryuseful. (1)These create a film over the eye's surface. This film contains a substance that protects your eyes against infection.
Tears relieve stress,but we tend to fight them for all sortsof reasons. "People worry about showing their emotions. They’re afraid that once they lose control, they’ll never get it back,”explains psychologist Dorothy Rowe. (2) As adults we still fear the consequences of showing emotions.”
Almost any emotion—good or bad, happy or sad—can cause tears. Crying is a way that we release built-up emotions. Tears help you when you feel you are ready to explode because of very strong feelings. (3)
When some people become very stressed, however, they can’t cry. They may be feeling shock,anger, fear, or grief, but they repress the emotion. “Everyone has the need to cry,” says psychotherapist Vera Diamond. Sometimes in therapy sessions, patients participate in crying exercise (4) Diamond says it’s best to cry in safe, private places,like under the bed coversor in the car. That’s because many people get uncomfortable when others cry in front of them. In fact,they may be repressing their own need to cry.
In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate. (5) “But once you are safely behind closed doors, don't just cry,” Diamond says, she suggests that you act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “once your tears have released thestress, you can begin to think of logical way to deal with the problem.”
Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. You should never be afraid to cry.
詞匯：
make-up n. 化妝(品)
psychotherapist n. 心理治療師
runny nose 流鼻涕
infection n. 感染，傳染
release v. 釋放
built up 組合的，拼合的
注釋：
1. …create a film over the eye’s surface ：……在眼睛的表面形成一層薄膜。
2. …get it back…：……恢復……
3. …act out the wholesituation again…： ……整個場景重現……
練習：
A It may explain why people who areafraid tocry often suffer more heart attacksthan people cry more freely.
B It’s good to hold backtears during a tense business discussion.
C Crying has good effects on the body.
D Even when you're not crying, your eyes producetears.
E They practice crying so that they can get used toexpressing emotion.
F As children we were sometimes punished for shedding tears or expressing anger.
答案與題解：
1. D 此空的上一句講到眼淚很有用，后一句講到眼淚的具體用處，并且句首是these，所以所填的這句應該有眼淚，根據上下文只有選項D最適合。選項C與前一句話意思重復。
2. F 下文提到作為成人，我們仍然害怕流淚，所填的這句應該講我們還是孩子時對流淚的恐懼。所以，答案是選項F。
3. A 上文講到哭能夠幫助我們發泄心中的強烈情感，所以經常哭的人會比不常哭的人獲得某種益處，根據上下文，只有選項A比較貼切。
4. E 上文提到患者要練習哭，這里應該講練習哭的原因。所以，答案是選項E。
5. B 上一句提到在某些場合哭是不合適的，所以此處也應該具體解釋不適合哭的場景，答案是選項B。
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