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2017考研英語完型填空沖刺試題及答案
2017年考研已經進入倒計時了，在這個階段，考生們要學會對所學知識進行查漏補缺，以下是百分網小編搜索整理的一份考研英語完型填空沖刺試題及答案，供參考練習，歡迎對大家有所幫助!想了解更多相關信息請持續關注我們應屆畢業生考試網!
Text 1
Chronic insomnia is a major public health problem. And too many people are using__1__ therapies，even while there are a few treatments that do work. Millions of Americans __2__awake at night counting sheep or have a stiff drink or __3__an pill，hoping it will make them sleepy.__4__ experts agree all that self-medicating is a bad idea，and the causes of chronic insomnia remain__5__.
Almost a third of adults have trouble sleeping，and about 10 percent have__6__ of daytime impairment that signal true insomnia. But __7__the complaints，scientists know surprisingly little about what causes chronic insomnia，its health consequences and how best to treat it，a panel of specialists __8__together by the National Institutes of Health concluded Wednesday. The panel called__9__a broad range of research into insomnia，__10__that if scientists understood its __11__causes，they could develop better treatments.
Most，but not all，insomnia is thought to __12__other health problems，from arthritis and depression to cardiovascular disease. The question often is whether the insomnia came first or was a result of the other diseases and how trouble sleeping in__13__complicates those other problems. Other diseases __14__，the risk of insomnia seems to increase with age and to be more __15__among women，especially after their 50s. Smoking，caffeine and numerous __16__drugs also affect sleep.
The NIH is spending about $200 million this year on sleep-related research，some__17__to specific disorders and others __18__the underlying scientific laws that control the nervous system of sleep. The agency was__19__the panel‘s review before deciding what additional work should be__20__ at insomnia.
1. [A] unproven [B] unknown [C] improper [D] imperative
2. [A] fall [B] lie [C] seem [D] become
3. [A] prescribe [B] pop [C] abuse [D] experiment
4. [A] And [B] Though [C] Thus [D] But
5. [A] peculiar [B] anonymous [C] mysterious [D] unexpected
6. [A] signals [B] symptoms [C] signs [D] symbols
7. [A] in addition to[B] except for [C] owing to [D] for all
8. [A] pulled [B] collected [C] brought [D] drawn
9. [A] on [B] for [C] up [D] in
10. [A] noting [B] notifying [C] nosing [D] nominating
11. [A] undertaking[B] underlining [C] underlying [D] undermining
12. [A] cause [B] accompany [C] follow [D] attend
13. [A] short [B] case [C] essence [D] turn
14. [A] inside [B] outside [C] aside [D] besides
15. [A] common [B] popular [C] frequent [D] regular
16. [A] conscription[B] description [C] subscription[D] prescription
17. [A] aimed [B] targeted [C] designated [D] designed
18. [A] examining [B] inspecting [C] verifying [D] assessing
19. [A] conducting [B] awaiting [C] receiving [D] considering
20. [A] assigned [B] charged [C] directed [D] attended
答案
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.A
11.C 12.B 13.D 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.C
總體分析
本文主要介紹了對失眠的研究工作。文章第一段指出慢性失眠是一個重要的公共健康問題，但其致病原因仍是個迷。第二段介紹了(美)全國衛生研究所一個專家小組的結論，該小組呼吁對失眠進行廣泛的研究。第三段討論了失眠與其他因素，如疾病、年齡、藥物等的關系。第四段介紹了(美)全國衛生研究所對失眠正在進行的研究情況。
全文翻譯
慢性失眠是一個主要的公共健康問題。而且，太多人正使用未經驗證的治療方法，盡管有些方法確實是有效的。上百萬的美國人夜里睡不著覺，躺著數羔羊、喝杯烈酒或吞個藥片，希望這會使他們產生困意。然而，專家們一致認為，自作主張亂吃藥并不是解決失眠的好方法，導致慢性失眠的原因目前還是一個謎。
幾乎有1/3的成年人存在睡眠障礙，而且大約10%的人有白天功能減退的癥狀，這些癥狀表明他們確實患上了失眠癥。但是，一個由(美)全國衛生研究所召集的專家小組在周三得出這樣的結論：盡管(社會上關于長期失眠的)抱怨很多，但科學家們對長期失眠的原因，它對健康的影響以及如何有效地治療都知之甚少。該專家小組呼吁對失眠癥進行廣泛研究，指出如果科學家們了解了失眠的潛在原因，他們可能會發現更好的治療方法。
很多，但不是所有的'失眠癥被認為伴隨著其他健康問題產生，從關節炎、抑郁到心血管疾病。而問題通常是不知道是先產生失眠，還是失眠是其他疾病的結果，以及失眠如何又使其他問題變得更加復雜。撇開其他疾病不說，失眠的可能性隨著年齡的增加而增加，而且在婦女中更加普遍，尤其是50歲以后。吸煙、咖啡因及眾多的處方藥也影響睡眠。
(美)全國衛生研究所今年要花大約2000億美元用于睡眠的相關研究，其中一些以特定的(睡眠)紊亂為目標，另外一些觀察控制睡眠神經系統的潛在科學規律。該機構正等待專家小組的評論以決定對失眠進行的下一步研究工作。
Text 2
The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints1 the construction of idea__l__ states，such as__2__ to the Greeks. With very few exceptions，Roman theorists ignored，or rejected__3__ valueless，intellectual exercises like Plato‘s Republic，in__4__ the relationship of the individual to the state was__5__ out painstakingly without reference to__6__ states or individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero’s De Re Publica，and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in __7__. Roman thought about the state was concrete，even when it__8__ religious and moral concepts. The first ruler of Rome，Romulus，was__9__ to have received authority from the gods，specifically from Jupiter，the“guarantor”of Rome. All constitutional__10__was a method of conferring and administering the__11__. Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the__12__，the family heads who formed the original senate，__13__the religious character necessary to exercise authority，because its original function was to__14__the gods. Being practical as well as exclusive，the senators moved__15__to divide the authority，holding that their consuls，or chief officials，would possess it on__16__months，and later extending its possession to lower officials.__17__the important achievement was to create the idea of continuing__18__authority embodied only temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only__19__the mass of the people concurred. The system grew with enormous __20__，as new offices and assemblies were created and almost none discarded.
1.[A] with [B] for [C] in [D] to
2. [A] tempted [B] attracted [C] appealed [D] transferred
3. [A] on [B] for [C] as [D] about
4. [A] which [B] that [C] what [D] it
5. [A] turned [B] worked [C] brought [D] made
6. [A] special [B] specific [C] peculiar [D] particular
7. [A] existence [B] store [C] reality [D] mind
8. [A] abandoned [B] caught [C] separated [D] involved
9. [A] told [B] held [C] suggested [D] advised
10. [A] tendency [B] procedure [C] development [D] relation
11. [A] authority [B] power [C] control [D] ruling
12. [A] officers [B] men [C] administrators [D] fathers
13. [A] possessed [B] claimed [C] assured [D] enforced
14. [A] confirm [B] confer [C] consult [D] consider
15. [A] over [B] along [C] on [D] about
16. [A] alternate [B] different [C] varied [D] several
17. [A] And [B] So [C] Or [D] But
18. [A] state [B] country [C] people [D] national
19. [A] as [B] when [C] if [D] so
20. [A] dimension [B] complexity [C] exercise [D] function
答案
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7.D 8.D 9. B 10. C
11. A 12. D 13.A 14.C 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. B
總體分析
本文介紹了羅馬人有關國家建設的理論。第一句指出羅馬人有關國家形成的理論很有特點。第二句至第五句指出，羅馬人的理論與希臘人的大不相同，是非常具體的。第六句至文章結尾具體闡述了羅馬人關于國家權力的所有和分配形式。
全文翻譯
奧古斯都(羅馬帝國第一代皇帝)的成功很大程度上歸功于羅馬人將國家理論化的特點。羅馬人沒有制定出讓希臘人感興趣的建設理想國家的宏偉藍圖。在柏拉圖的《理想國》中不涉及具體個人或國家的一種個人與國家之間的關系被詳細地設計出來，但羅馬理論家們幾乎無一例外地忽視或拒絕接受像《理想國》這樣的智力訓練，認為它們毫無價值。羅馬人最接近希臘模式的是西塞羅的《論國家》，甚至在這本書中西塞羅的心中已經對羅馬有了非常清楚的`想法。即使涉及到宗教和道德概念，羅馬人關于國家的想法也是具體的。羅馬的第一位統治者羅穆盧斯被認為從神，尤其是從羅馬的守護神宙斯那里獲得了權力。所有憲法的發展都是一種賦予和監督這種權力的方法。很顯然，人們相信只有先父們的立法機構，即一家之主們組成的最初的參議院，才擁有行使這種權力所必需的宗教特質，因為它最初的功能是尋求神的啟示。既實際又排外的參議員們將權力再進一步分割，認為他們的司法官或總管官員，將每隔一個月擁有這項權力，并在之后將其擁有權擴大到更低等級的官員。但是重要的成就是創造了持續的國家權力的概念，這種權力只是臨時體現在某些上層階級的個人身上，并且只有當普通大眾一致同意的時候才被賦予。當新的部門和立法機構被創造出來并且幾乎沒有任何一個被擯棄的時候，這個系統變得越來越復雜。
Text 3
Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD(Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development)countries，in particular，how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an__1__burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution，but__2__retirement could help.
Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal，but it is a socially__3__one，and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The__4__reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the__5__of those in work for their income. The__6__is worrying. In the next 50 years，low fertility rates and__7__life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double__8__size. Public pension payments，which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries，are__9__to rise，on average，by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.__10__is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today‘s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they__11__for.
Action is needed，__12__simply aiming to reduce the__13__(and cost)of public pensions，or trying to__14__the role of privately funded pensions within the system，though necessary steps，may be__15__to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of__16__early retirement schemes to avoid__17__and higher unemployment，many governments are now looking__18__persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely，the thinking goes，if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less__19__and unemployment is down，then perhaps the__20__rate should rise anew.
1.[A] unsolvable [B] additional [C] unsustainable [D] undue
2.[A] delaying [B] retaining [C] detaining [D] hindering
3.[A] ultimate [B] unattainable [C] specific [D] expensive
4.[A] substantial [B] essential [C] potential [D] controversial
5.[A] donating [B] sponsoring [C] subsidizing [D] funding
6.[A] outlook [B] outcome [C] outbreak [D] outset
7.[A] prolonging [B] expanding [C] soaring [D] rising
8.[A] in [B] on [C] by [D] for
9.[A] conceived [B] reckoned [C] expected [D] meant
10.[A] As [B] Such [C] So [D] It
11.[A] should pay [B] paying [C] be paid [D] would pay
12.[A] but [B] for [C] and [D] thus
13.[A] multitude [B] implementation [C] application [D] generosity
14.[A] exaggerate [B] augment [C] magnify [D] multiply
15.[A] insufficient [B] influential [C] inefficient [D] intrinsic
16.[A] advancing [B] previous [C] ahead [D] preceding
17.[A] suspensions [B] abundances [C] redundancies [D] discrepancies
18.[A] for [B] to [C] about [D] at
19.[A] turbulent [B] strenuous [C] compact [D] intricate
20.[A] dependency [B] fertility [C] present [D] mortality
答案
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B
11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C
總體分析
本文主要討論了老齡化給經合組織國家現存養老體系帶來的挑戰。文章第一段指出老齡化給經合組織國家帶來的挑戰，并提出推遲退休可能對解決該問題有所幫助。第二段分析了早退休給養老體系帶來的問題，即越來越多的人早退休而壽命延長，隨著出生率的降低，就會有更多退休的人依靠更少工作的人來為他們養老，養老金在國家財政中所占的比例增加，成為無法承受的負擔。第三段探討了解決方法，指出僅僅減少公共養老金的數量，增加私有養老的比例是不夠的，許多政府在考慮說服人們晚退休。
全文翻譯
老齡化給經合組織國家，尤其是在如何支付未來的公共養老金負債方面，帶來了嚴重的挑戰。早退休給退休金的融資帶來了難以承受的負擔。沒有什么簡單的`解決方案，但推遲退休(年齡)可能有所幫助。
早退休可能看起來是個值得追求的個人目標，但對于社會來說卻是昂貴的，它使當前的公共養老金系統難以持久。基本原因是更多的人退休早而壽命卻更長。這意味著更多的退休人員要依賴在職者的資助作為收入。這一前景是令人擔憂的。未來50年，經合組織國家的低出生率和預期壽命的增加將使這一老年依賴率提高大約一倍。占經合組織國家全部退休收入30%-80%的公共退休金的支出，在國內生產總值中的比例預期將平均增加超過三個百分點，而在有些國家甚至會增加八個百分點。養老基金的壓力如此之大以至于現在的工人有得不到他們預期或認為應該得到的養老金的危險。
行動是必需的，但僅僅試圖減少公共養老金的慷慨度或增加系統內私有養老金的作用，盡管是必要的，但在應對這種依賴挑戰方面仍是不夠的。前些年為了避免下崗及高失業，政府采取提前早退休的方案，而現在許多政府正考慮勸說人們晚點退休。當然，他們是這么想的，如果現在我們更加健康了、工作對體力的要求降低了、失業率也降低了，那么(工作)出席率可能也該重新上升了。
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