托福閱讀理解強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練

　　閱讀理解是托�？荚嚨闹仉y點(diǎn)之一，考生要盡可能多的進(jìn)行一些閱讀理解訓(xùn)練。下面，小編就為大家送上一篇托福閱讀理解強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練題。

　　The most thoroughly studied cases of deception strategies employed by ground-nesting birds involve plovers, small birds that typically nest on beaches or in open fields, their nests merely scrapes in the sand or earth. Plovers also have an effective repertoire of tricks for distracting potential nest predators from their exposed and defenseless eggs or chicks.

　　The ever-watchful plover can detect a possible threat at a considerable distance. When she does, the nesting bird moves inconspicuously off the nest to a spot well away from eggs or chicks. At this point she may use one of several ploys. One technique involves first moving quietly toward an approaching animal and then setting off noisily through the grass or brush in a low, crouching run away from the nest, while emitting rodent like squeaks. The effect mimics a scurrying mouse or vole, and the behavior rivets the attention of the type of predators that would also be interested in eggs and chicks.

　　Another deception begins with quiet movement to an exposed and visible location well away from the nest. Once there, the bird pretends to incubate a brood. When the predator approaches, the parent flees, leaving the false nest to be searched. The direction in which the plover "escapes" is such that if the predator chooses to follow, it will be led still further away from the true nest.

　　The plover's most famous stratagem is the broken-wing display, actually a continuum of injury-mimicking behaviors spanning the range from slight disability to near-complete helplessness. One or both wings are held in an abnormal position, suggesting injury. The bird appears to be attempting escape along an irregular route that indicates panic. In the most extreme version of the display, the bird flaps one wing in an apparent attempt to take to the air, flops over helplessly, struggles back to its feet, runs away a short distance, seemingly attempts once more to take off, flops over again as the "useless" wing fails to provide any lift, and so on. Few predators fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey. Needless to say, each short run between "flight attempts" is directed away from the nest.

　　1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A) The nest-building techniques of plovers

　　(B) How predators search for plovers

　　(C) The strategies used by plovers to deceive predators

　　(D) Why plovers are vulnerable to predators

　　2. The word "merely" in fine 3 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) often

　　(B) only

　　(C) usually

　　(D) at first

　　3. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage about plovers?

　　(A) Their eggs and chicks are difficult to find.

　　(B) They are generally defenseless when away from their nests.

　　(C) They are slow to react in dangerous situations.

　　(D) Their nests are on the surface of the ground.

　　4. The word "emitting" in line 10 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) bringing

　　(B) attracting

　　(C) producing

　　(D) minimizing

　　5. In the deception technique described in paragraph 2, the plover tries to

　　(A) stay close to her nest

　　(B) attract the predator's attention

　　(C) warn other plovers of danger

　　(D) frighten the approaching predator

　　6. The word "spanning" in line 19 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) covering

　　(B) selecting

　　(C) developing

　　(D) explaining

　　7. According to paragraph 4, which of the following aspects of the plover's behavior gives the appearance that it is frightened?

　　(A) Abnormal body position

　　(B) Irregular escape route

　　(C) Unnatural wing movement

　　(D) Unusual amount of time away from the nest

　　8. The word "pursue" in line 25 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) catch

　　(B) notice

　　(C) defend

　　(D) chase

　　9. According to the passage , a female plover utilizes all of the following deception techniques EXCEPT

　　(A) appearing to be injured

　　(B) sounding like another animal

　　(C) pretending to search for prey

　　(D) pretending to sit on her eggs

　　10. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage ?

　　(A) A description of the sequence of steps involved in plovers nest building

　　(B) A generalization about plover behavior followed by specific examples

　　(C) A comparison and contrast of the nesting behavior of plovers and other ground nesting birds

　　(D) A cause-and-effect analysis of the relationship between a prey and a predator

　　參考答案：CBDCB ABDCB

　　附：托福閱讀理解技巧

　　一、共同的答題原則

　　1. 題目都需要回文章定位

　　一般的英語(yǔ)考試閱讀題目都是從文章內(nèi)容出發(fā)來提問的，考生要按照閱讀文章內(nèi)容答題有兩種方式：一種是看題然后回文章定位，一種是看文章然后解題。要知道托福閱讀的文章長(zhǎng)度、閱讀時(shí)間、題目設(shè)置等一系列客觀特點(diǎn)決定了托福閱讀題目都是需要會(huì)文章定位的。在托福閱讀題目定位時(shí)要選擇合適的定位詞，并選取正確的定位策略。定位詞一般都是以名詞為主，因?yàn)槊�詞是相對(duì)于動(dòng)詞，形容詞等其他種類的詞來說變化形式最少的詞，而在文章中的對(duì)應(yīng)方式又多以原詞對(duì)應(yīng)為主。而且在做題過程中要具體情況具體分析。

　　2. 答題需要把握好時(shí)間

　　托福閱讀答題有時(shí)間限制，很多考生都會(huì)不注意這一點(diǎn)，往往最后一個(gè)大題沒有足夠的時(shí)間解答。在解題時(shí)控制好時(shí)間一方面要注意對(duì)句子的理解速度要快，不過分糾結(jié)一句話的意思;另一方面則是在答題時(shí)對(duì)題目解答分配好時(shí)間。比如詞匯題用30秒左右的時(shí)間、多選題留1分半的時(shí)間、其余的題目盡量保持在1分的時(shí)間答題。

　　二、各題型的解題特色

　　1.不同題型的解題步驟各有特點(diǎn)

　　托福閱讀題型多樣給考生帶來了不小的答題壓力，因?yàn)樵诮忸}時(shí)要不斷進(jìn)行思路轉(zhuǎn)換。依賴不同步驟答題。比如托福閱讀文章小結(jié)題一般是在對(duì)文章有大致框架了解之后再看選項(xiàng)、排除明顯錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)、最后得出答案，又比如句子簡(jiǎn)化題需要讀原句、提取主干、分析邏輯、對(duì)比選項(xiàng)、得出答案等等。

　　2.可以結(jié)合各題型解題技巧解題

　　技巧的使用是高分必備的。托福閱讀題型的特點(diǎn)給予了考生使用技巧的機(jī)會(huì)。比如托福閱讀事實(shí)信息題這類細(xì)節(jié)題目，考生可以將與選項(xiàng)中和原文信息相矛盾的選項(xiàng)直接排除;也可以直接排除和題目不符的選項(xiàng)。對(duì)于托福閱讀句子插入題，則可以采用連接詞高效解題。

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