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2016新托福獨(dú)立寫作中間段構(gòu)思方法詳解
托福寫作中間段也要特別注意，平常我們看到的最多的是開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾段的寫法，關(guān)于中間段的卻不多。實(shí)際上，托福獨(dú)立寫作中間段的寫作技巧也相當(dāng)重要，如果中間段不充實(shí)，無(wú)論開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾如何華麗，托福作文依舊得不到好分?jǐn)?shù)。下面，小編帶大家來(lái)看一看“新托福獨(dú)立寫作中間段如何構(gòu)思”，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
1.Q：一定需要三大段論點(diǎn)理由展開(kāi)來(lái)證明開(kāi)頭觀點(diǎn)嗎?
A：No. 中間段可以有一個(gè)論點(diǎn)展開(kāi),也可以拿到滿分. 同學(xué)們可以參看ETS的第三版 p202頁(yè)的官方范文5分和4分范文賞析. 但是, 如果有兩個(gè)至三個(gè)理由來(lái)證明開(kāi)頭觀點(diǎn)更好, 所以平時(shí)同學(xué)們要多練習(xí)Brainstorming快速找理由寫提綱.
2.Q: 獨(dú)立寫作中間段的結(jié)構(gòu)是什么?
A: 論點(diǎn)Main pointSentence+論據(jù)Details. 盡量不要突兀地寫forexample, 需要指明例子之前的論點(diǎn)句. 其中論點(diǎn)句指的是證明開(kāi)頭段中觀點(diǎn)的理由, 論據(jù)則是該理由的細(xì)節(jié)展示.
比如:論點(diǎn)Main point Sentence: Anotheradvantage of living with an American family is that the students are in anideal environment to improve his English.
論據(jù)Details: For example,each time he has a conversation with someone in the family, thisnative speaker can help him with the pronunciation and grammar. Maybe theyounger children in the family can help him with his homework, too. But themost important thing is that he will be surrounded by English most of timeduring his stay in the United States.
3.Q: 怎么展開(kāi)一個(gè)中間段落才能做到評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)5分要求呢?
A: 其實(shí)有很多方法將論點(diǎn)展開(kāi)Details, 比如: 我強(qiáng)化班會(huì)重點(diǎn)介紹的幾種: Specific personal example 少而精的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷; General example 多而簡(jiǎn)的寬泛例子羅列; compare& contrast對(duì)比反差; Study &Survey 調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù); Famous people權(quán)威名人; Quotation名言諺語(yǔ)等.
4.Q: 獨(dú)立寫作中間段的論據(jù)如果想寫個(gè)人經(jīng)歷, 應(yīng)該怎樣寫才算高分?
A: 注意個(gè)人經(jīng)歷內(nèi)容寫到精確具體, 語(yǔ)言做到準(zhǔn)確地道形象. 比如:
論點(diǎn): English does not seem to be spoken by Americansin the same way that it was presented in my textbooks.
個(gè)人經(jīng)歷: Take myself for example, the first time I asked anAmerican a question, I got a strange response. The man who answered my questionsaid something sounded like “dunno”. I was sure that I had never studiedthis expression in my textbooks, and I could not find anything like this indictionary. Eventually, I was surprised to learn later from a friend that this wasnothing more than a shorten version of “I do not know”.
5.Q:以上是不是每種方法都要在獨(dú)立寫作中間段用上?
A: 這幾種方法都是平行關(guān)系, 可以挑選一種方法即可展開(kāi)一個(gè)論點(diǎn)句. 當(dāng)然, 也可以挑選其中兩三種方法使得一個(gè)段落展開(kāi)地非常細(xì)致.
6.Q: 獨(dú)立寫作是不是中間段字?jǐn)?shù)越多越好?
A: 展開(kāi)的Details的語(yǔ)言部分非常重要, 比如由電腦自動(dòng)評(píng)分E-rater主要評(píng)判Grammar, Usage, Style, Mechanics, Lexical complexity等方面.
7.Q: 獨(dú)立寫作的中間段是不是一定需要 ”辨證式/反證式/讓步式” 寫法?
A: 有這種辯證式思路文章會(huì)寫得更全面, 但是這不是必要的. 因?yàn)镋TS的官方指南和評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)告訴大家: 托福寫作考的并不是該同學(xué)對(duì)一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)分析有多么深刻, 主要是語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)和內(nèi)容的清晰. 但是學(xué)會(huì)讓步式寫法在托福獨(dú)立寫作中也很有好處, 特別是當(dāng)展開(kāi)論點(diǎn)理由不夠時(shí).
比如:[2010.09.12]
Doyou agree or disagree with the following statement?
Peopleshould not pay for the public transportation.
|
I |
Agree. |
|
S讓步P1 |
[Concession] Admittedly, if people do not pay for public transportation, the companies which run the transportation business would suffer from large financial deficit. However, if the government can provide them with relevant subsidy, there will be nothing to worry about. |
|
SP2 |
Above all, If the public transportation is free for everyone, there will be less people purchasing and driving cars, and thus, the air pollution in the cities will be greatly alleviated. |
|
SP3 |
Besides, free public transportation will lower the living expense for urban commuters. |
8.Q: 獨(dú)立寫作中間段如果寫了三段, 句首有什么連接詞可以使段落之間過(guò)渡地更流暢?
A: 比如: Firstly/ To begin with/ Firstof all; Secondly/ Besides/ furthermore/ what’s more/ More importantly, Aboveall /; Thirdly/ Lastly/ Last but not least 等.
以上是新托福獨(dú)立寫作中間段的寫作技巧，大家可以根據(jù)本文舉出的例子做進(jìn)一步的分析，仿寫，爭(zhēng)取使自己的托福作文更加充實(shí)，有條理。
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