2015托福口語備考重點分析

　　一、Merriam-Webster

　　adj. or adv.

　　1.unvarnished

　　e.g.the down and dirty truth

　　2.made or done hastily:not revised or polished

　　e.g.down and dirty solution

　　3.marked by or given to fierce often unscrupulous competition

　　e.g.down and dirty campaigning

　　4.bawdy

　　e.g.down and dirty sexuality

　　5.seedy

　　e.g. a down and dirty neighborhood

　　6.relating to or involved with what is crudely basic and practical

　　e.g down and dirty detail

　　二、影視《好漢兩個半(Two and a Half Men)》

　　[Cut to the house. Charlie and a group of questionable men are sitting around the table playing poker. Jake is hovering near Charlie.]

　　Man: Alright, last card, down and dirty. King’s bet.

　　Man 2: Dollar.

　　Man 3: I’m in.

　　Man 4: In.

　　Charlie: I’ll see the dollar and raise it five.

　　The term commonly used by seven-card stud poker players. This phrase refers to the last card dealt in 7 card stud because it is dealt face down and can change the potential of winning or drawing out.

　　A player will use the phrase right before the last card is dealt out "one more card, down and dirty".

　　文化背景介紹：七張牌梭哈撲克(Seven Card Stud) 是梭哈撲克游戲最受歡迎的一種，牌手在2到8個人之間。每個牌手總共都會被發(fā)給7張牌，3張面向下，4張面向上。

　　第七張也是最后一張牌蓋著發(fā)給每個牌手。 進程和前面一樣，所有的活動都必須符合高限定級別。有非常少見的情況是8個牌手在這個階段仍然都在場，可能沒有足夠的牌發(fā)給每個人，如果發(fā)生這種情況，就不給每個人發(fā)牌，而是拿出一張牌朝上放在桌子中間作為公用牌，牌手可以自由選擇看能否組成一手最好的牌。

　　攤牌(Showdown) - 在最后一輪下注后還沒有蓋牌的牌手現(xiàn)在可以選擇把他們手里的牌都亮出來，希望可以拿走彩池中的賭注。最后下注的人第一個攤牌，然后按順時針進行，任何一個幸存的牌手可以選擇出示他們的牌或把牌扔掉。通常情況下如果牌手覺得自己不會贏的話，他們都會選擇扔掉手里的牌而不想讓對手看到手中的牌。

　　三、網絡釋義

　　Down就是下面，down and dirty這個習慣用語是指在采取行動的時候不顧一般的行為準則，不考慮這一行動是否公平，是否正當。

　　這個習慣用語經常用描述那種依靠造謠，欺騙和誣蔑來獲勝的政治競選。下面講話的人告訴我們一個大城市競選市長的情況。他說：

　　The papers all say this campaign was as down and dirty as any they can remember. Both sides circulated unfounded rumors and spread stories about the other candidate's personal life. The voters were glad when it was all over.

　　這個人說：各個報紙都說，在他們記憶中，這次競選是最爾虞我詐的一次。雙方都傳播一些毫無根據的謠傳，散布有關候選人私生活的消息。競選結束后，選民們都很高興，因為這次競選總算是過去了。

　　This guy ran a real down and dirty campaign; every day he started more rumors about our man's honesty and personal life. But the voters saw he was lying so we easily beat him.

　　這家伙為了贏得競選真是不擇手段。他每天都散布謠言中傷我們候選人的品德和私生活。好在選民看透了他在撒謊，所以我們輕而易舉就把他擊敗了。

　　down and dirty中的dirty就解釋為“不正當的, 卑鄙的”，而down在這兒的意思是下流陰險的。所以down and dirty表示的意思類似于dirty pool和shady deal, 都指正派人不屑于做的卑鄙勾當。

　　四、The Daily

　　The Daily Beast’s Down + Dirty Guide to Colleges Methodology

　　College rankings are ubiquitous, confusing, and often indiscriminate. The Daily Beast’s Down + Dirty Guide to the Best Colleges aims to change that, ranking schools primarily on what students actually care about: their shot at getting a good job, and making a good living.

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