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英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力短文《信息高速公路發(fā)展之路》
在現(xiàn)代，信息的快速傳播已經(jīng)是一種常態(tài)，但是在過(guò)去，信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)又是怎么樣的呢?下面，我們一起走進(jìn)這則英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力短文。
Some historians say that the most important contribution of Dwight Eisenhower's presidency(總統(tǒng)任期) in the 1950s was the U.S. interstate highway system. It was a massive project, easily surpassing the scale of such previous human endeavors as the Panama Canal. Eisenhower's interstate highways bound the nation together in new ways and facilitated major economic growth by making commerce less expensive. Today, an information superhighway has been built - an electronic network that connects libraries, corporations, government agencies and individuals. This electronic superhighway is called the Internet, and it is the backbone(主干) of the World Wide Web.
一些歷史學(xué)家說(shuō)，德懷特·艾森豪威爾總統(tǒng)在20世紀(jì)50年代最重要的貢獻(xiàn)就是建立了美國(guó)的洲際公路系統(tǒng)。這是一個(gè)巨大的項(xiàng)目，輕易就超過(guò)了先前人們所努力修剪的巴拿馬運(yùn)河的規(guī)模。艾森豪威爾的洲際公路使整個(gè)國(guó)家以新的方式連接在一起，并且通過(guò)減少貿(mào)易費(fèi)用推動(dòng)了主要經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)。現(xiàn)如今，信息高速公路已經(jīng)建成——即一種電子網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它將圖書(shū)館、公司、政府機(jī)構(gòu)和個(gè)人連接在了一起。這種電子高速公路被稱(chēng)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，它也是萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)的支柱。
The Internet had its origins in a 1969 U.S. Defense Department computer network alled ARPAnet, which stood for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. The Pentagon built the network for military contractors and universities doing military research to exchange information. In 1983 the National Science Foundation (NSF), whose mission is to promote science, took over.
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)起源于1969年美國(guó)國(guó)防部被稱(chēng)為阿帕網(wǎng)的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，阿帕網(wǎng)代表的是高級(jí)研究計(jì)劃網(wǎng)絡(luò)。美國(guó)國(guó)防部建立這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是為了軍事承包商和大學(xué)里的軍事研究院進(jìn)行信息交流。1983年，以促進(jìn)科學(xué)發(fā)展為使命的國(guó)家科學(xué)基金會(huì)(NSF)接管了過(guò)來(lái)。
This new NSF network attracted more and more institutional users, many of which had their own internal networks. For example, most universities that joined the NSF network had intracampus computer networks. The NSF network then bacame a connector for thousands of other networks. As a backbone system that interconnects networks, internet was a name that fit.
這種新的國(guó)家科學(xué)基金會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)吸引了越來(lái)越多的機(jī)關(guān)用戶(hù)，其中許多都有自己的內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)。例如，大多數(shù)加入美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)基金會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的大學(xué)都有校內(nèi)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。于是NSF的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接起了成千上萬(wàn)的其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)。作為連接網(wǎng)絡(luò)的支柱系統(tǒng)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)這個(gè)名稱(chēng)最為合適。
So we can see that the Internet is the wired infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) on which web messages move. It began sa a military communication system, which expand into a government-funded civilian research network.
因此，我們可以看到，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是承載信息的有線(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。它是作為軍事通訊系統(tǒng)開(kāi)始的，而后擴(kuò)展成為政府資助的民用科研網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
Today, the Internet is a user-financed system tying institutions of many sorts together into an "information superhighway".
如今，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是一個(gè)將各式各樣的機(jī)構(gòu)捆綁在一起成為“信息高速公路”的用戶(hù)融資系統(tǒng)。
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