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2017年雅思聽(tīng)力試題輔導(dǎo)練習(xí)
貴有恒何必三更眠五更起，最無(wú)益只怕一日曝十日寒。以下是小編為大家搜索整理的2017年雅思聽(tīng)力試題輔導(dǎo)練習(xí)，希望對(duì)正在關(guān)注的您有所幫助!更多精彩內(nèi)容請(qǐng)及時(shí)關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!
As we saw in the last lecture,
在上一堂課我們已經(jīng)看到了，
a major cause of climate change is the rapid rise in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over the last century.
導(dǎo)致氣候變化的一個(gè)主要原因就是自上個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，大氣中二氧化碳含量迅速增加。
If we could reduce the amount of CO2, perhaps the rate of climate change could also be slowed down.
如果我們能減少CO2的含量，也許氣候變化的速度就也能有所減緩。
One potential method involves enhancing the role of the soil that plants grow in, with regard to absorbing CO2.
一個(gè)可能的措施是加強(qiáng)培育植物的土壤在吸收二氧化碳方面的作用。
Rattan Lal, a soil scientist from Ohio State University, in the USA,
來(lái)自美國(guó)俄亥俄州立大學(xué)的土壤學(xué)家Rattan Lal聲稱，
claims that the world's agricultural soils could potentially absorb 13 per cent of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
全世界的農(nóng)業(yè)土壤可能一共能夠吸收大氣中百分之十三的二氧化碳，
the equivalent of the amount released in the last 30 years.
這一數(shù)字相當(dāng)于過(guò)去三十年里釋放的二氧化碳總量。
And research is going on into how this might be achieved.
研究還在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，以探究怎樣才能做到這一點(diǎn)。
Lal first came to the idea that soil might be valuable in this way not through an interest in climate change,
Lal最初產(chǎn)生土壤也許在方面非常重要這個(gè)想法，并不是通過(guò)對(duì)氣候變化的興趣，
but rather out of concern for the land itself and the people dependent on it.
而是出于對(duì)土壤本身以及靠它生存的人們的關(guān)心。
Carbon-rich soil is dark, crumbly and fertile, and retains some water.
碳質(zhì)豐富的土壤顏色很深，易碎且肥沃，而且還能留住一些水分。
But erosion can occur if soil is dry, which is a likely effect if it contains inadequate amounts of carbon.
但是如果土壤中所含碳質(zhì)不足，可能就會(huì)很干，而這也許會(huì)導(dǎo)致侵蝕。
Erosion is of course bad for people trying to grow crops or breed animals on that terrain.
對(duì)想要在那塊地上種植莊稼或者放牧動(dòng)物的人來(lái)說(shuō)，土壤侵蝕當(dāng)然是件壞事。
In the 1970s and 80s, LaI was studying soils in Africa so devoid of organic matter
二十世紀(jì)七八十年代時(shí)，Lal正在非洲研究土壤，那里的土壤有機(jī)物質(zhì)十分匱乏，
that the ground had become extremely hard, like cement.
以至于地面變得極其堅(jiān)硬，就像水泥一樣。
There he met a pioneer in the study of global warming,
他在那兒遇見(jiàn)了一位研究全球變暖的先驅(qū)，
who suggested that carbon from the soil had moved into the atmosphere.
這位研究人員提出，土壤中的碳質(zhì)都揮發(fā)進(jìn)大氣里了。
This is now looking increasingly likely.
現(xiàn)在看來(lái)這一說(shuō)法越來(lái)越可信。
Let me explain. For millions of years, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have been regulated,
我來(lái)解釋一下，數(shù)百萬(wàn)年以來(lái)，大氣中的二氧化碳水平都被控制著，
in part, by a natural partnership between plants and microbes — tiny organisms in the soil.
部分是由植物和土壤中的微小生物——細(xì)菌之間的天然合作關(guān)系控制的。
Plans absorb CO2 from the air and transform it into sugars and other carbon-based substances.
植物從空氣中吸收CO2，并把它轉(zhuǎn)化成糖分和其他碳基物質(zhì)。
While a proportion of these carbon products remain in the plant,
這些碳產(chǎn)品中一部分會(huì)留在植物中，
some transfer from the roots to fungi and soil microbes, which store the carbon in the soil.
另一些會(huì)從植物根部轉(zhuǎn)移到真菌和土壤細(xì)菌中，它們會(huì)將碳保留在土壤里。
The invention of agriculture some 10,000 years ago
大約一萬(wàn)年前，農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)明
disrupted these ancient soil-building processes and led to the loss of carbon from the soil.
打亂了這些古老的土壤構(gòu)成程序，導(dǎo)致了碳質(zhì)從泥土中流失。
When humans started draining the natural topsoil,
當(dāng)人類耗盡自然表層土并開(kāi)始為了耕種而犁田時(shí)，
and ploughing it up for planting, they exposed the buried carbon to oxygen.
他們就把土壤中掩藏的碳質(zhì)暴露在了氧氣中。
This created carbon dioxide and released it into the air.
這一行為制造了二氧化碳并將其釋放進(jìn)了空氣中。
And in some places, grazing by domesticated animals has removed all vegetation, releasing carbon into the air.
在某些地方，家養(yǎng)牲畜將地表所有的植被都啃噬殆盡了，碳質(zhì)也因此進(jìn)入了空氣里。
Tons of carbon have been stripped from the world's soils — where it's needed — and pumped into the atmosphere.
大量的碳都被從地球土壤中剝離了出來(lái)，灌進(jìn)了大氣中，但是土壤才是需要碳質(zhì)的地方。
So what can be done?
那么我們能做些什么呢?
Researchers are now coming up with evidence
研究人員現(xiàn)在正在拿出證據(jù)證明，
that even modest changes to farming can significantly help to reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere.
即使是耕種方法中的微小變化，也能在很大程度上幫助減少大氣中的碳含量。
Some growers have already started using an approach known as regenerative agriculture.
一些農(nóng)民已經(jīng)開(kāi)始使用一種叫做再生農(nóng)業(yè)的方法。
This aims to boost the fertility of soil and keep it moist through established practices.
這種方法目的在于通過(guò)既有的慣常做法，增加土壤的肥力，保持土壤濕度。
These include keeping fields planted all year round, and increasing the variety of plants being grown.
包括保證土地上全年都有植物生長(zhǎng)，并且增加種植的植物的多樣性。
Strategies like these can significantly increase the amount of carbon stored in the soil,
像這樣的策略能夠大量增加土壤中保留的碳含量，
so agricultural researchers are now building a case for their use in combating climate change.
所以農(nóng)業(yè)研究人員現(xiàn)在正在建立一個(gè)他們能用來(lái)對(duì)抗氣候變化的案例。
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