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GMAT考試邏輯題的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤
做GMAT考試邏輯題，有時(shí)候會(huì)很容易陷入自己的思維誤區(qū)里。以下百分網(wǎng)小編整理的GMAT邏輯考試的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤，希歡迎閱讀!
GMAT邏輯錯(cuò)誤之一：相反陷阱。
這種陷阱是ETS慣用的伎倆，出題者只要花一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的時(shí)間就能提高考試的“質(zhì)量”。例如：
1) "All of the following may be inferred from the passage EXCEPT," 然后給你4個(gè)選項(xiàng)和一個(gè)絕對(duì)能從上文推出的選項(xiàng)。有些考生很自然就選擇這個(gè)絕對(duì)正確答案，而忘了”EXCEPT”這個(gè)詞(如果這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是A，相信會(huì)有更多 的考生上當(dāng))。
2) GMAT邏輯試題中問(wèn)題問(wèn)及推理中的一個(gè)假設(shè)，卻給出一個(gè)概括題干的選項(xiàng)。
3) "Which of the following weakens the argument above," 然后卻給出一個(gè)絕對(duì)能支持(strengthen)的選項(xiàng)
這些陷阱迷惑的是那些考試粗心的考生。如果你能用這個(gè)戰(zhàn)術(shù)，保持清醒的頭腦，仔細(xì)認(rèn)真地閱讀選項(xiàng)繞過(guò)這些陷阱的話，卻可以成為你考試的優(yōu)勢(shì)。記住，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)這些陷阱，果斷地排除它，即使你找不到滿意的選項(xiàng)，也能提高正確的概率。
GMAT邏輯錯(cuò)誤之二： 范圍陷阱
當(dāng)你必須界定文章的范圍時(shí)，你就有必要先知道一下我們所指的“范圍”。其實(shí)，你在總結(jié)文章主題的同時(shí)也在界定范圍。一旦你知道了文章的主題，你也已經(jīng)界定了文章的主題。比如說(shuō)，這篇文章到底是在談graduate school admissions, MBA admissions, 還是談如何helping international students get into the business school program of their choice? 每一步都是在界定范圍
典型的“垃圾”選項(xiàng)不是范圍太寬，太窄就是與文章毫無(wú)相關(guān)，或者干脆就與正確選項(xiàng)意思完全相反。做題時(shí)，你可以尋找那些極端的選項(xiàng)，然后排除它。極端的選項(xiàng)經(jīng)常包含這樣的詞：all, always, never, none. 而折衷一點(diǎn)的選項(xiàng)經(jīng)常是“準(zhǔn)正確”選項(xiàng)，包含如usually, sometimes, probably等這樣的詞。
這個(gè)推論和原文相符，因?yàn)樗谠牡姆秶畠?nèi)。
一般說(shuō)來(lái)always, never, none等這些詞語(yǔ)氣太強(qiáng)。在GMAT邏輯考試中，一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)這些極端的語(yǔ)言，也就是說(shuō)，如果某個(gè)選項(xiàng)中包含這些詞應(yīng)該首先排除它。
而包含如usually, sometimes, probably這些詞的選項(xiàng)則更有可能是正確選項(xiàng)。
練習(xí)：
1.The sustained massive use of pesticides in farming has two effects that are especially pernicious. First, it often kills off the pests’ natural enemies in the area. Second, it often unintentionally gives rise to insecticide-resistant pests, since those insects that survive a particular insecticide will be the ones most resistant to it, and they are the ones left to breed.
From the passage above, it can be properly inferred that the effectiveness of the sustained massive use of pesticides can be extended by doing which of the following, assuming that each is a realistic possibility?
A.using only chemically stable insecticidesB.periodically switching the type of insecticide usedC.gradually increasing the quantity of pesticides usedD.leaving a few fields fallow every yearE. breeding higher-yielding varieties of crop plants
2.Which of the following, if true, most logically completes the argument below?
Manufacturers are now required to make all cigarette lighters child-resistant by equipping them with safety levers. But this change is unlikely to result in a significant reduction in the number of fires caused by children playing with lighters, because children given the opportunity can figure out how to work the safety levers and ____.
A.the addition of the safety levers has made lighters more expensive than they were before the requirement was institutedB. adults are more likely to leave child-resistant lighters than non-child-resistant lighters in places that are accessible to childrenC. many of the fires started by young children are quickly detected and extinguished by their parentsD. unlike child-resistant lighters, lighters that are not child-resistant can be operated by children as young as two years oldE. approximately 5000 fires per year have been attributed to children playing with lighters before the safety levers were required
3.Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
A business analysis of the Appenian railroad system divided its long-distance passenger routes into two categories: rural routes and interurban routes. The analysis found that, unlike the interurban routes, few rural routes carried a high enough passenger volume to be profitable. Closing unprofitable rural routes, however, will not necessarily enhance the profitability of the whole system, since ____.
A. a large part of the passenger volume on interurban routes is accounted for by passengers who begin or end their journeys on rural routesB. within the last two decades several of the least used rural routes have been closed and their passenger services have been replaced by busesC. the rural routes were all originally constructed at least one hundred years ago, whereas some of the interurban routes were constructed recently for new high-speed express trainsD. not all of Appenia’s large cities are equally well served by interurban railroad servicesE. the greatest passenger volume, relative to the routes’ capacity, is not on either category of long-distance routes but is on suburban commuter routes
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