9月公共英語一級基礎(chǔ)閱讀真題及答案

　　在社會的各個領(lǐng)域，只要有考核要求，就會有考試真題，借助考試真題可以更好地檢查參考者的學習能力和其它能力。你知道什么樣的考試真題才能切實地幫助到我們嗎？下面是小編精心整理的9月公共英語一級基礎(chǔ)閱讀真題及答案，歡迎閱讀與收藏。

　　9月公共英語一級基礎(chǔ)閱讀真題及答案 1

　　Superconducting Materials

　　The stone age， The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff. Material science —— once the least sexy technology - is bursting with new， practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics. But superconductors are just part of the picture： from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth， the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics， glass and ceramics will shape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science.

　　The key to the new materials is researchers‘ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level. Ceramics， for example， have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it， scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.

　　A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High-strength polymers now form bridges， ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars， touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets that automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter， which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape， has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example， gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass. Besides， composites - plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compounds - made the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat： a helmet saved an infantryman‘s life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.

　　Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.

　　But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult， for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.

　　1. How many new materials are mentioned in this passage?

　　[A]Two

　　[B]Three

　　[C]Four

　　[D]Five

　　2. Why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science?

　　[A]To compare them with the new materials.

　　[B]To show the significance of the new materials on the future world.

　　[C]To compare the new materials to them.

　　[D]To explain his view point.

　　3. Why is transition difficult?

　　[A]Because transition requires money and time.

　　[B]Because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment.

　　[C]Because research on new materials is very difficult.

　　[D]Because it takes 10 years.

　　4. Where lies success of a country in the New Age of superstuff?

　　[A]It lies in research.

　　[B]It lies in investment.

　　[C]It lies in innovation.

　　[D]It lies in application.

　　Vocabulary

　　1. superstuff 　超級材料

　　2.superconducting ceramic　超導陶瓷

　　3. exotic　神奇的

　　4. shape　塑造，成型

　　5. brittleness　脆性

　　6. polymer 　聚合體

　　7. karate jacket 　空手道外衣

　　8. touch sensor　觸及傳感器

　　9. each punch and chop 　每一個擊、打

　　10. blot 　玷污，損害風景的東西

　　11. tinker 　修補，調(diào)整

　　12. amendable 　服從于，遵循的

　　13. biodegradable 　能生物遞減分解的

　　14. six-pack rings 　放六個罐子的環(huán)狀物

　　15. decompose 　分解

　　16. recyclable 　可循環(huán)(使用的)

　　17. infantryman 　步兵

　　18. deflect　使偏斜，使轉(zhuǎn)向

　　19. a new twist 　一個新的觀點，方法

　　【參考答案及解析】

　　1.B　三種超導材料。答案再第一段最后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具體講這三種材料。第二段講陶瓷：“新材料之關(guān)鍵在于研究工作者不斷提高在分子水平上處理物質(zhì)的能力。舉陶瓷為例，由于它的'　脆性，長期來應(yīng)用范圍有限。但是通過改善導致脆性的微小缺陷，科學家制造出一種保持原有硬度和抗熱性，但堅實得多的陶瓷”。第三段講塑料。“類似的轉(zhuǎn)折發(fā)生在塑料上，高強度的塑料建成了橋梁、溜冰場、直升機的葉輪。一種震動或推動就能發(fā)電的新型塑料用于電子吉他上，觸及傳感塑料用于機械手和空手道外衣上，它能自動記錄每次擊打。”后面談及塑料垃圾可以處理，或者制造可分解還原的塑料制品。塑料內(nèi)加入其他化合物加強性能。第四段講有些高級材料由新的改變，最新的光纖電纜由玻璃制成，透明度極高，100英里厚的一塊其清晰度比一塊普通窗玻璃還高。

　　2.B　說明這種新材料對未來世界的意義。答案在第一段：“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定會象生物工程和計算機一樣將改變世界。”

　　A.把它們和新材料相比較，這里不僅僅是比較，而是說明三者都具同樣的作用——改變世界。

　　C.把新材料比作它們。也不僅僅是比喻比擬。與A一樣沒有說到核心電。

　　D.說明他的觀點。太籠統(tǒng)。

　　3.A　轉(zhuǎn)折需要錢和時間。見最后一段“可是新材料只有制成產(chǎn)品才有影響，而這個轉(zhuǎn)折可能很困難，因為轉(zhuǎn)折需要長期的研究和投資。可以這么說，在不久的將來，更牢牢地掌握如何把材料轉(zhuǎn)變成商品將決定一個國家之成敗。”

　　B.因為許多制造商不愿改變他們的設(shè)備。

　　C.因為新材料的研究非常困難。

　　D.轉(zhuǎn)折要華上十年時間。這三項文內(nèi)沒有涉及。

　　4.D　在超級材料時代已過之成功在于應(yīng)用。

　　A.在于研究

　　B.在于投資。

　　C.在于革新。這三項都是應(yīng)用的部分前提。其中A和B文內(nèi)提到，C項文內(nèi)未涉及。

　　9月公共英語一級基礎(chǔ)閱讀真題及答案 2

　　Antarctica and Environment

　　Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station - a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the world‘s environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere， Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.

　　Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor， where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States， Switzerland， and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet - a concern they believe the world at large should share.

　　The Transantarctic Mountain， some of them more than 14，000 feet high， divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. “West” of the mountain， the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet， but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared， the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island.

　　While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments， others focus on the mysterious “dry valley” of Antarctica， valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land， these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9，000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone， perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10，000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges， rippled fields of sand dunes， clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds， and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation.

　　Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys， some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.

　　1. What is the best title for this passage?

　　[A]Antarctica and environmental Problems.

　　[B]Antarctica： Earth‘s Early-Warning station.

　　[C]Antarctica： a Unique Observation Post.

　　[D]Antarctica： a Mysterious Place.

　　2. What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?

　　[A]The western part of the continent would be disappeared.

　　[B]The western part of the continent would be reduced.

　　[C]The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands.

　　[D]The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands.

　　3. Why are the Dry Valleys left bare?

　　[A]Vicious wind blasts the snow away.

　　[B]It rarely snows.

　　[C]Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.

　　[D]Sand dunes.

　　4. Which of the following is true?

　　[A]The “Dry Valleys” have nothing left inside.

　　[B]The “Dry Valleys” never held glaciers.

　　[C]The “Dry Valleys” may carry a message of hope for the verdant.

　　[D]The “Dry Valleys” are useless to scientists.

　　Vocabulary

　　1. distant-early-warning sensor 遠距離早期報警傳感器

　　2. plateau 高原，高地

　　3. slash 揮砍

　　4. blast 一陣疾風/狂風

　　5. vicious 邪惡的，兇魔般的

　　6. gorge 峽谷

　　7. ripple 起伏，使起微波

　　8. sand dune 沙丘

　　9. verdant 綠色

　　10. extraterrestrial 地球之外的

　　11. aura 氣氛

　　難句譯注

　　1. Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early waning sensor， where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north.

　　「結(jié)構(gòu)簡析」see … as 把……看作。Where定從修飾Antarctic

　　答案詳解

　　1. A 南極洲和環(huán)境問題。

　　B. 南極洲：地球最早的報警戰(zhàn)。

　　C.南極洲：獨一無二的觀察哨。

　　D. 南極洲：神秘的地方。三項都是總內(nèi)容眾的組成部分。

　　2. D 大陸西部成為一群島嶼。第三段“橫斷南極的山脈， 有的高達一萬四千多英尺，把這大陸分成情況各異的兩個地區(qū)。山脈以東的大陸部分是由差不多兩英里厚的冰層覆蓋的高原;山脈以西，即美洲以南的.半個大陸也為冰層所覆蓋。可是，這里冰層覆蓋在大大低于海平面的巖石。如果西南極洲冰層消失，那這大陸西部將成為稀疏的島群。”

　　A. 大陸西部將小時。

　　B. 大陸西部縮小。

　　D. 大陸西部將成為分散的島嶼。

　　3. C 因為地球變暖和狂風勁吹。在第四段：“……這些干谷甚至在寒冬季節(jié)也很少有冰雪。它們插在南維多利亞陸地的山脈中， 一度曾有從極地高原到羅斯海的深度為9000英尺的冰河。現(xiàn)在冰河已不存在，很可能是冰期之后一萬年間地球變暖的結(jié)果。即使落入干谷的雪也被從極地高原咆哮入海的邪惡狂風吹散了。留下來的是裸露的壯觀的峽谷，沙丘起伏的原野，被時速一百英里的大風雕刻成奇形怪狀的大礫石，形成與世隔絕的荒涼景象。”

　　A. 邪惡的狂風吹走了雪。

　　B. 它很少下雪。

　　D. 沙丘。這三項只是干谷現(xiàn)象的一部分。

　　4. C 他們可能為地球上綠色地區(qū)帶來了希望的信息。答案是第五段第一句“盡管干谷具有神秘的一面科學家卻相信他們可能為地球上蔥綠的地方帶來了希望的信息。”

　　A.干谷內(nèi)什么都沒有留下。

　　B. 干谷內(nèi)從沒有冰河。

　　D. 按照科學家的看法， 干谷毫無用處。

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