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公共英語等級(jí)考試五級(jí)模擬練習(xí)題2017
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Text 2
The caterpillar’s inventor，Norihiko Saga of Akita Prefectural University in Japan，will demonstrate his new method of locomotion at a conference on magnetic materials in Seattle.In addition to lights and cameras，a search caterpillar could be equipped with an array of sensors to measure other factors--such as radioactivity or oxygen levels—that could tell human rescuers if an area is safe to enter.
The magnetic caterpillar is amazingly simple.It moves by a process similar to peristalsis，the rhythmic contraction that moves food down your intestine.Saga made the caterpillar from a series of rubber capsules filled with a magnetic fluid consisting of iron particles，water，and a detergent—like surfactant，which reduces the surface tension of the fluid：Each capsule is linked to the next by a pair of rubber rods.The caterpillar’s guts are wrapped in a clear，flexible polymer tube that protects it from the environment.
To make the caterpillar move forwards，Saga moves a magnetic field backwards along the caterpillar.Inside the caterpillar’s“head”capsule.magnetic fluid surges towards the attractive magnetic field，causing the capsule to bulge out to the sides and draw its front and rear potions up.As the magnetic field passes to the next capsule，the In'st breaks free and springs forward and the next capsule bunches up.In this way，the caterpillar Call reach speeds of 4 centimeters per second as it crawls along.
Moving the magnetic field faster can make it traverse the caterpillar before all the capsules have sprung back to their original shapes.The segments then all spring back，almost but not quite simultaneously. Saga plans to automate the movement of the caterpillar by placing electromagnets at regular intervals along the inside of its polymer tube.By phasing the current flow to the electromagnets，he’ll be able to control it wirelessly via remote control.He also needs to find a new type of robber for the magnetic capsules，because the one he’s using at the minute eventually begins to leak.
But crawling is not the most efficient form of locomotion for robots，says Roben Full of the University of Cali— fomia at Berkeley.an expert in animal motion who occasionally advises robotics designers.“If you look at the ener- getic cost of crawling，compared to walkig，swimming or flying，crawling is very expensive，”he says.Walking， on the other every step，energy is conserved in the foot and then released to help the foot spring up. Saga acknowledges this inefficiency but says his caterpillar is far more stable than one that walks，rolls on wheels or flies.It has no moving parts save for a few fluid—filled rubber capsules.Biped robots and wheeled robots require a smooth surface and are difficult to miniaturize，and flying rob6ts have too many moving parts. “My peri- staltic crawling robot is simple and it works，”he says.
56.From this passage，we can learn that_____.
[A]a robotic caterpillar can crawl by a pair of rubber rods
[B]when a caterpillar moves，the magnetic field movies backwards along it
[C]the environment couldn’t influence a robotic caterpillar’s guts，which are wrapped in a capsule
[D]crawling is very stable and efficient，and when it moves，only a few elements are needed
57.According to this passage，which is not true about the construction of the robotic caterpillar?
[A]A robotic caterpillar is made from a series of rubber capsules filled with a magneti fluid.
[B]Iron particles，water，and a detergent-like surfactant form a magnetic fluid.
[C]Each capsule filled with a magnetic fluid is linked to the next by a pair of rubber rods.
[D]In order to keep stable condition，the caterpillar’s guts are wrapped in a clear，flexible polymer tube.
58.The meaning of the word“peristalsis”in Paragraph 3 is similar to_____.
[A]swimming
[B]flying
[C]crawling
[D]walking
59.Comparing the robotic caterpillar and the other robots，which of the following is not true?
[A]A smooth surface is indispensable to biped robots and wheeled robots.
[B]Flying robots are very inconvenient when moving，because they have too many moving parts.
[C]The robotic caterpillar only has rubber capsules filled with a magnetic fluid.
[D]It’s incapable for wheeled robots to locate trapped people because they are impossible to miniaturize.
60.The passage is mainly about______.
[A]why a robotic caterpillar Call find trapped people
[B]how a robotic caterpillar works
[C]the instruction of the magnetic caterpillar
[D]how a robotic caterpillar crawls
Text 2
短文賞析
困在砂礫中的地震幸存者將來可能會(huì)被日本秋田縣立大學(xué)的Saga發(fā)明的一種新型的履帶裝置機(jī)器人拯救。它依靠磁場(chǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)穿越細(xì)小砂礫，裝備了燈、照相機(jī)，以及傳感器等設(shè)備。這種履帶由一系列裝滿含有鐵粒子、水和類似洗潔劑的表面活性劑的橡膠容器制造。它的移動(dòng)原理是在履帶裝置的“主”容器內(nèi)，磁力液體涌向磁場(chǎng)，致使容器向外突出，并且使其前后部分抬起。當(dāng)磁場(chǎng)移動(dòng)到下一個(gè)容器時(shí)，第一個(gè)容器擺脫束縛，向前彈出，同時(shí)下一個(gè)容器隆起。依靠這種動(dòng)力，機(jī)器人不斷蠕動(dòng)前進(jìn)。這種機(jī)器人能耗量高，但是其穩(wěn)定性卻是很好的。
答案解析
56.B【解析】由第四段第一句“To make the caterpillar move forwards，Saga moves a magnetic field backwards along the caterpillar.”可以看出，磁場(chǎng)會(huì)向后移動(dòng)，從而使機(jī)器蟲移動(dòng)。故應(yīng)選B。
57.C【解析】由第三段倒數(shù)第二三句“Each capsule is linked to the next by a pair of rubber rods.”可以得出，囊與囊之間由一對(duì)橡膠棒連接。故應(yīng)選C。
58.C【解析】根據(jù)第三段的“the rhythmic contraction that moves food down your intestine”可以推斷出peristalsis就相當(dāng)于crawling，意思是“有節(jié)奏的蠕動(dòng)”。故應(yīng)選c。
59.D【解析】根據(jù)文章最后一段“wheeled robots require a smooth surface and are difficult to miniaturize”，作者說輪式的機(jī)器人在救人的時(shí)候，需要一個(gè)光滑的平面，而且很難穩(wěn)定。文章并沒有說它不能救人。故應(yīng)選D。
60.A【解析】文章一開始就說“A robotic caterpillar that burrows its way through debris.”這種新型的機(jī)器人在瓦礫中尋找幸存者。接下來，則介紹了它的工作原理，說明它為什么能夠進(jìn)入沙礫中去救人。故應(yīng)選A。
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