2017年英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試pets4閱讀精選練習(xí)
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Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.
56) In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. 57)In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than their parents did and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the "battle of the sexes".
If the process goes too far and man's role is not regarded as important as before--and that has happened in some cases--we are as badly off as before, only in reverse. We should reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of "Monism", but we don't want to change it into a" Ne escapism". What we need is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equality. 58 )There are signs that psychologists and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit, nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is at home. 59)We are beginning, however, to study a man's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.
60) The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family member needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.
Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is relevant not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.
參考答案
56.【譯文】在男女角色沒(méi)有明顯分工，家務(wù)事或多或少由雙方共同承擔(dān)的家庭中，男性優(yōu)越的觀點(diǎn)是很難維持的。
【解析】本句是一個(gè)由兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)狀語(yǔ)從句修飾一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單狀語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句。兩個(gè)where后的長(zhǎng)句都是修飾family的。因此決定了必須譯成“在…的家庭里”。sharply separated“嚴(yán)格、明顯的分開”;household task“家務(wù)活”;to all extent“在某種程度上”;notion“觀念”;male superi·ority男尊(女卑)”;maintain“保持”。
57.【譯文】在這種家庭長(zhǎng)大的孩子比他們的父母更容易學(xué)會(huì)接受平等的'觀念，會(huì)做好充分準(zhǔn)備去參與—個(gè)合作的，而不是“性別大戰(zhàn)”的社會(huì)。【解析】本句是一個(gè)帶兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)賓語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句。To accept…and tO pre-
pare…是兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)。第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)帶的是一個(gè)復(fù)合句more…than句型。第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)后帶了很多修飾成分，主干是prepare…partic—ipation in a world.characterized…“battle of sexes”都是修飾aworld的。
58.【譯文】有一些跡象表明：研究家庭的心理學(xué)家和專家意識(shí)到了男性在家庭中的作用，他們認(rèn)為女性既不應(yīng)該受到所有的稱贊，也不應(yīng)該受到所有的指責(zé)。我們幾乎已不再說(shuō)：婦女就該待在家里。
【解析】這是一個(gè)兩個(gè)并列同位語(yǔ)從句組成的復(fù)合句。That psycholo-gists…the part men play和that they have decided…nor all the blame是并列結(jié)構(gòu)。sign“跡象”;be aware of“知道”;receive credit“受到表?yè)P(yáng)”。
59.【譯文】然而，我們開始研究男性在家庭中的地位，并堅(jiān)持男性在家庭中占有一席之地的觀點(diǎn)，男性在家庭中的地位與孩子的健康成長(zhǎng)不無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)。
【解析I nor“也不”，irrelevant“無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)的”。這是—個(gè)雙重否定表肯定。
60.【譯文】家庭是一個(gè)合作的集體，很難為它制定一些制度，因?yàn)榧彝ブ械拿恳粋�(gè)人都需要找出解決自家問(wèn)題的辦法。
【解析】前半部分是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，lay down rules for“給…制定規(guī)則”。先行詞是cooperative enterprise“合作集體”;work out“找出”。
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