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初中英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)及意思
crowd / group / team
Ⅰ. group “小組、團(tuán)體”,與 team 是同義詞。指因任何目的或原因而聚集在一起所形成的群體。搭配范圍較廣;
team 指工作、行為或游戲時(shí)在一起的群體,尤指體育比賽的“隊(duì)”, 搭配范圍較窄。如:
①a study group 學(xué)習(xí)小組; a discussion group 討論小組
②a basketball team 籃球隊(duì) a medical team 醫(yī)療隊(duì)
Ⅱ. group 指“人群”時(shí),與crowd同義。group 所指人數(shù)可多可少,但常指“較小”的人群, 且表示有組織有秩序的一群人;
crowd有“密集”“擁擠”的含義,通常指未經(jīng)組織、人數(shù)眾多的人群。
by oneself/ for oneself/ to oneself/ of oneself
這五個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)均屬“介詞+反身代詞”結(jié)構(gòu),但意義各不相同:
Ⅰ.by oneself“單獨(dú)地;獨(dú)立地”(=without help, alone).如:
Did you do this by yourself or did someone help you?
是你自己做的,還是別人幫你做的?
Ⅱ. “本身;本身的性質(zhì)”如:
①Diamond is hard in itself. 鉆石本來(lái)是硬的。
Ⅲ.for oneself “為自己(的利益而做某事);獨(dú)自地(與by oneself 同義)”。如:
②He has built a house for himself. 他為自己建造了一幢房子。
③You must find it out for yourself. 你必須自己把它找出來(lái)。
Ⅳ.of oneself “自然而然地;自動(dòng)地”為不及物動(dòng)詞。如:
④The fire died of oneself. 火自己熄滅了。
Ⅴ.to oneself“默默地”“暗自”,常與talk , say, think等動(dòng)詞連用。如;
⑤He said to himself that there was something wrong. 他想這其中有毛病。
[注]:say to oneself “在心里想”,talk/ speak to oneself“自言自語(yǔ)”兩者不可混淆。
another/ other/ more
Ⅰ. 名詞前表示具有增加意義的“還、再”,一般用 more 和 another. more放在數(shù)詞之后,而 another 放在數(shù)詞之前;有時(shí)也可以用 other, 但other具有“不同”之意。保留它本意“別的”。如:
① one more thing, one other thing, another thing都表示“還有一件事”之意,如:
② I want three more / other books. = I want another three books.我還要三本書(shū)。
③ I stayed there three more days. = I stayed there another three days.
我在那兒又呆了三天。(這里不用other, 因day與day沒(méi)有不同之意。
④ We need three more / another three hands to do the job.
我們還需要三個(gè)人做這項(xiàng)工作。 (這里不用other , 因不強(qiáng)調(diào)人與人的不同。)
⑤ He works on the Great Green Wall with many other people.
他與別的許多人一塊在綠色長(zhǎng)城上工作。( other 沒(méi)有增加之意,表除自己以外的別的人。)
another/ the other/ other/ others/ the others
Ⅰ. another 指不定數(shù)目中的“另一個(gè)、又一個(gè)” (三個(gè)以上)用來(lái)代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞。如:
I don’t think the coat is good enough. Can you show me another?
Ⅱ. other 泛指“另外的”修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如:
We study Chinese, maths, English and other subjects.
Ⅲ. others 泛指“另外的人或物”, 但不指其余的人或物的全部。如:
Some like swimming, others like boating.
Ⅳ. the other 指兩個(gè)中的“另一個(gè)”如:
He has two sons, one is in Shanghai, the other is in Beijing.
Ⅴ. the others 特指某一范圍內(nèi)的“其余全部的人或物”如:
There are thirty books on the bookshelf. Five are mine, the others are my father’s.
edge / side
Ⅰ.edge側(cè)重于指很窄的 “邊緣”, 如刀刃或沿邊的一部分.如:
Put some salt on the edge of your plate. 在你的盤子邊上放些鹽.
Ⅱ.side “邊, 旁邊” 有時(shí)與edge同義,有時(shí)指 “(東西的)側(cè)面”, “(一個(gè))方面”, “(身體的)側(cè)邊”,如:
among/ between/ in the middle of
Ⅰ. among “在……之中/中間” 指三者或三者以上。通常表某個(gè)范圍。如:
① Someone is wrong among us. 我們中間有人錯(cuò)了。
② There is a small village among the mountains. 大山之間有座小村莊。
Ⅱ. between “在…之間”指在二者之間,有時(shí)與and 連用。如:
① There is a river between us. 在我們兩人之間有一條河。
② I’m standing between a house and a big tree. 我站在一座房子和一棵大樹(shù)中間。
Ⅲ. in the middle of “在……中間”指在某事物中間,強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的兩端的中間。如:
There is a bus stop in the middle of the road. 在這條公路中間有個(gè)車站。
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