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成人高考高起點(diǎn)英語語法誤用 1
誤用講解：分詞
1、中文：他理發(fā)了。
(誤)He had his hair to be cut.
(正)He had his hair cut.(have，get+賓語+過去分詞表示使…被。)
2、中文：他喜歡喝涼開水。
(誤)He likes to drink boiling water.
(正)He likes to drink boiled water.(現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，boiling water指正在沸騰的水;過去分詞表示完成，boiled water指沸騰過的水。)
3、中文：由于做飯，他看上去累了。
(誤)He looked tiring with cooking.
(正)He looked tired with cooking.(tiring表示令人疲倦的，tired表示人被弄疲倦了。)
4、中文：我不能讓別人明白我的意思。
(誤)I couldnt make myself understand.
(正)I couldnt make myself understood.(過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，make myself understood表示使我被別人明白。)
5、中文：昨天早上我上學(xué)時(shí)見到了我的一個(gè)朋友。
(誤)I was walking to school yesterday morning，I met a friend of mine.
(正)Walking to school yesterday morning，I met a friend of mine.(前一句如作時(shí)間從句缺連詞，后一句分詞構(gòu)句表時(shí)間。)
6、中文：假期結(jié)束了，約翰返回了學(xué)校。
(誤)The vacation was over，John returned to school.
(正)The vacation being over，John returned to school.(前一句如作時(shí)間從句缺連詞，后一句獨(dú)立分詞構(gòu)句表時(shí)間。)
7、中文：戴帽子的工人躺在地上。
(誤)The workman worn a hat is lying on the ground.
(正)The workman wearing a hat is lying on the ground.(帶帽子是主動(dòng)行動(dòng)，要用現(xiàn)在分詞wearing a hat表示。)
8、中文：小女孩站在那里哭了。
(誤)The little girl stood there cried.
(正)The little girl stood there crying.(哭是主語the little girl發(fā)出的行動(dòng)，要用現(xiàn)在分詞crying表示。)
9、中文：天氣好，我們今天要去郊游。
(誤)Being fine， well go outing today.
(正)It being fine， well go outing today.(前一句錯(cuò)在分詞構(gòu)句所表示的動(dòng)作不是主句的主語發(fā)出的;后一句加上表示氣候的It作邏輯主語，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立分詞構(gòu)句表原因。)
誤用講解：副詞
1、中文：這塊石頭太大了沒人能舉起它。
(誤)Here is a so big stone that no one can lift it.
(正)Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.(so是副詞，修飾形容詞，形式是so+形容詞+a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。)
2、中文：這花多美啊!
(誤)What beautiful the flower is!
(正)How beautiful the flower is!(how用來修飾副詞或形容詞，而what用來修飾名詞。)
3、中文：這工作永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被完成。
(誤)This job will be never finished.
(正)This job will never be finished.(頻率副詞在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后。)
4、中文：我的弟弟比我高多了。
(誤)My brother is very taller than I.
(正)My brother is much taller than I.(very不能修飾比較級(jí);much可以修飾比較級(jí)。)
5、中文：我想我七點(diǎn)會(huì)在餐廳里見到她。
(誤)I think Ill meet her at 7：00 at the restaurant.
(正)I think Ill meet her at the restaurant at 7：00.(地方副詞在時(shí)間副詞前。)
6、中文：這房間對(duì)你夠大的。
(誤)This room is enough large for you.
(正)This room is large enough for you.(enough作副詞，在被修飾的形容詞后。)
7、中文：我也不能做它。
(誤)I cannot do it too.
(正)I cannot do it either.(either用于否定句;too用于肯定句。)
8、中文：他每天早起。
(誤)He gets up early everyday.
(正)He gets up early every day.(every day是時(shí)間副詞;everyday是形容詞。)
9、中文：我要下樓去。
(誤)Im going to downstairs.
(正)Im going downstairs.(downstairs是副詞，前面不加介詞。)
10、中文：你的故事很有趣。
(誤)Your story is the most interesting.
(正)Your story is most interesting.(most不用于比較，而用作加強(qiáng)語氣，不加the.)
11、中文：我兩年前見過他。
(誤)I met him two years before.
(正)I met him two years ago.(表示一段時(shí)間以前，ago用于一般過去時(shí);before用于過去完成時(shí)。)
12、中文：他們昨天晚上回來得晚。
(誤)They came back lately last night.
(正)They came back late last night.(lately(最近)，late(晚，遲)，都是副詞。)
誤用講解：不定式
1、中文：為了準(zhǔn)時(shí)，我們加快了步伐。
(誤)So as to be in time we hurried.
(正)In order to be in time we hurried.(so as to只可放在句中，in order to可放在句首或句中。)
2、中文：你說這些話真傻。
(誤)Its very foolish for you to say so.
(正)Its very foolish of you to say so.(表示評(píng)價(jià)的形容詞被帶邏輯主語的不定式修飾時(shí)，介詞要用of.)
3、中文：你沒有告訴他們永遠(yuǎn)不要做那件事嗎?
(誤)Didnt you ask them to never do that?
(正)Didnt you ask them never to do that?(never要放在to之前。)
4、中文：你沒有告訴他們永遠(yuǎn)不要做那件事嗎?
(誤)Here is a new book for you to read it.
(正)Here is a new book for you to read.(作形容詞用法的帶邏輯主語的不定式for you to read的賓語，實(shí)際上就是它所修飾的new book，其后不可再加賓語。)
5、中文：他夠年齡，可以上學(xué)了。
(誤)He is old enough so that he can go to school.
(正)He is old enough to go to school.(形容詞+enough+不定式表示足夠…而可。)
6、中文：他太好了，寄給我許多書。
(誤)He was so good to send me a lot of books.
(正)He was so good as to send me a lot of books.(so……as to表示如此…以致。)
7、中文：你最好不要在下雨天出去。
(誤)You had better not to go out in the rain.
(正)You had better not go out in the rain.(had better(not)后接原形不定式。)
8、中文：你喜歡聽別人談話嗎?
(誤)Do you like listening to others to talk?
(正)Do you like listening to others talk?(感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)語用原形不定式。)
誤用講解：助動(dòng)詞
1、中文：我習(xí)慣于早起。
(誤)I am used to get up early.
(正)I am used to getting up early.(get，become或be used to中的to是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞。)
2、中文：他過去常常在星期天來約我。
(誤)He used to calling on me on Sundays.
(正)He used to call on me on Sundays.(used to+原形動(dòng)詞，表示過去常常。)
3、中文：A：我必須去嗎?B：不，你不必了。
(誤)A： Must I go? B： No，you mustnt.
(正)A： Must I go? B： No，you neednt.(mustnt表示不許，neednt表示不必，以MUST開始的一般疑問句，否定回答用neednt.)
4、中文：我今天下午想和你一起去游泳。
(誤)I will like to go swimming with you this afternoon.
(正)I would like to go swimming with you this afternoon.(would like是習(xí)慣搭配，后接不定式，表示愿意做某事。)
5、中文：他前天可能說這些嗎?
(誤)Must he have said so the day before yesterday?(MUST用于推測(cè)時(shí)表示一定，準(zhǔn)是，只用于肯定句。)
(正)Can he have said so the day before yesterday?(CAN用于懷疑，推測(cè)時(shí)表示可能，用于疑問句和否定句。)
誤用講解：虛擬語氣
1、中文：我要是你，我不會(huì)那么做。
(誤)I shouldnt do that if I was you.
(正)I shouldnt do that if I were you.(表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣不能用was，只能用were.)
2、中文：要是我父親現(xiàn)在在這里，他會(huì)告訴我該做什么。
(誤)If my father were here now，he will tell me what to do.
(正)If my father were here now，he would tell me what to do.(表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，主句的助動(dòng)詞只能用would，might等過去時(shí)。)
3、中文：要是我知道她的電話號(hào)碼，我就會(huì)給她打電話了。
(誤)If I knew her telephone number，I would have called her.
(正)If I had known her telephone number，I would have called her.(表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。)
4、中文：要是昨天沒下雨她也許會(huì)來。
(誤)If it had not rained yesterday，he might come.
(正)If it had not rained yesterday，he might have come.(表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，主句的動(dòng)詞要用助動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)might，could等+HAVE+過去分詞。)
5、中文：我不認(rèn)為我會(huì)失敗，但要是我失敗了，我會(huì)再努力。
(誤)I dont think that I shall fail. But if I failed，I would try again.
(正)I dont think that I shall fail. But if I should fail，I would try again.(表示與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞用should加原形動(dòng)詞。)
6、中文：他要是帶了錢就會(huì)買它。
(誤)Did he bring some money with him，he would have bought it.
(正)Had he brought some money with him，he would have bought it.(表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)，若省略if，則用倒裝形式。)
7、中文：她要是個(gè)男人可能會(huì)當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)。
(誤)Be she a man，she might be elected president.
(正)Were she a man，she might be elected president.(表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，不能用was，只能用were;若省略if，則將were放在句首。)
8、中文：我提議提高教師的薪資。
(誤)I suggested that the teachers wages could be increased.
(正)I suggested that the teachers wages should be increased.(suggest當(dāng)建議講時(shí)，后面的名詞從句的主要?jiǎng)釉~要用should加原形動(dòng)詞，should可以省略。)
9、中文：他這么做是重要的。
(誤)It is important that he will do it.
(正)It is important that he do it.(It is important+that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句的動(dòng)詞要用should加原形動(dòng)詞，should可以省略。)
誤用講解：被動(dòng)語態(tài)
1、中文：他們結(jié)婚兩年了。
(誤)They have married for two years.
(正)They have been married for two years.(表示已婚狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，要用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式。)
2、中文：他被所有學(xué)生嘲笑。
(誤)He was laughed by all the pupils.
(正)He was laughed at by all the pupils.(不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞=及物動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)介詞不能省略。)
3、中文：英語難學(xué)。
(誤)English is difficult to be learned.
(正)English is difficult to learn.(英語難學(xué)=學(xué)英語難，也可說Its difficult to learn English.原句的主語實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯賓語，不定式要用主動(dòng)形式。)
4、中文：湯姆問我這些島嶼是否屬于美國(guó)。
(誤)Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.
(正)Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.
5、中文：中國(guó)發(fā)生了很大變化。
(誤)Great changes have been taken place in China.
(正)Great changes have taken place in China.
6、中文：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)于一九三七年爆發(fā)。
(誤)The war was broken out in 1937.
(正)The war broke out in 1937.(take place，break out，happen，belong to等不及物動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。)
7、中文：我看不清黑板。也許你需要檢查你的眼睛。
(誤)I cant see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.
(正)I cant see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.(表示使某物被別人…，通常使用have或get+物+過去分詞表示。)
8、中文：他命令馬上開始工作。
(誤)He ordered the work to start at once.
(正)He ordered the work to be started at once.(不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，若與賓語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。)
9、中文：他試圖不介入政治。
(誤)He tried not to have mixed up in politics.
(正)He tried not to get mixed up in politics.(get作系動(dòng)詞，可代替be，后接過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，have無此功能。)
10、中文：據(jù)說他很富有。
(誤)They say him to have been rich.
(正)He is said to have been rich.(say后不可接不定式，但它的被動(dòng)語態(tài)后可接不定式。)
11、中文：那人被認(rèn)為是個(gè)傻子。
(誤)The man thought to be a fool.
(正)The man was thought to be a fool.(主語是動(dòng)作的承受者而不是發(fā)出者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。)
誤用講解：所有格
1、中文：你做完功課了嗎?
(誤)Have you done homework?
(正)Have you done your homework?(表示做功課用do ones homework.)
2、中文：那些是我們老師的一些書。
(誤)Those are some books of our teacher.
(正)Those are some books of our teachers.(應(yīng)用雙重所有格形式。)
3、中文：這是我弟弟約翰的書。
(誤)This is my brother John book.
(正)This is my brother Johns book.(John是brother的同位語，John的書用Johns book.)
4、中文：警察抓住了他的胳膊。
(誤)The policemen caught him by his arm.
(正)The policemen caught him by the arm.(抓住身上某個(gè)部位用the，不用代詞的所有格。)
5、中文：一個(gè)十歲的孩子
(誤)a ten years old child
(誤)a child of ten year old
(誤)a ten year old child
(誤)a ten-years-old child
(正)a ten-year-old child
成人高考高起點(diǎn)英語語法誤用 2
第一部分：語氣的定義和種類
1、語氣（mood）：語氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示說話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。
2、語氣的種類
⑴、陳述語氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如：
①There are two sides to every question.每個(gè)問題都有兩個(gè)方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday？昨天一整天你都很忙嗎？
③How good a teacher she is！她是多好的一位老師啊！
⑵、祈使語氣：表示說話人對(duì)對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求或命令。如：
①Never be late again！再也不要遲到了。
②Don‘t forget to turn off the light.別忘了關(guān)燈。
⑶、虛擬語氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。如：
①If I were a bird，I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鳥，我就能在空中飛行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通過考試。
③May you succeed！祝您成功！
第二部分：簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語氣
一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌、或委婉的語氣，常用于日常會(huì)話中。如：
⑴、Would you be kind enough to show methe way to the post office？請(qǐng)你告訴我去郵局的路好嗎？
⑵、It would be better for you not tostay up too late.你最好別熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此時(shí)may須置于句首（多用于正式文體中）。
⑴、May good luck be yours！祝你好運(yùn)！
⑵、May you be happy！祝你快樂！
⑶、May you do even better！祝你取得更大成就！
⑷、Mayyou have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
⑸、May the friendship between us lastlong. 祝愿我們的友情天長(zhǎng)地久。
⑹、May you be happy. （注意那個(gè)be）祝你幸福。
2、用動(dòng)詞原形。例如：
（1）、Long live the people！人民萬歲！（2）、“Godbless you，”said the priest.牧師說：“愿上帝保佑你！”
（3）、Have a good journey！祝愿你旅途愉快！
三、表示強(qiáng)烈愿望。（該類型虛擬語氣謂語僅用動(dòng)詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)也不加“s”）
（1）、God save me. （2）、Heavenhelp us.
四、表命令
1.命令虛擬語氣只能用在第二人稱（you），而且通常省略主語（也就是you）。
2.句子尾通常加上感嘆號(hào)：！
3.虛擬語氣動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)（Simple Present），如：work，be ， go
4.否定形式的命令語氣，可用助動(dòng)詞do，加上not.
（1）、Work ！
（2）、Workharder ！
（3）、Be more alert ！（虛擬語氣動(dòng)詞Be）
（4）、Yougo out ！
（5）、Do not work so hard. （donot 表示否定的虛擬語氣）
（6）、Dont be afraid. （口語中常用dont代替do not）
五、在一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)中
如：（1）、You‘dbetter set off now.你最好現(xiàn)在就出發(fā)。
（2）、I‘drather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告訴你這個(gè)秘密。
第三部分：名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣
第一節(jié)：賓語從句（Subordinate Clasue）中的虛擬語氣
一、在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，常省去賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that.
一）、對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬（與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反）：
從句用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式（時(shí)間上是同時(shí)的）。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語從句的謂語be和were（was），實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用過去式。例：
1. I wish （that可省略，下同）Iknew the answer to the question.（wish，動(dòng)詞過去式knew）我希望知道這個(gè)答案。（事實(shí)上是不知道）
2. I wish it were springin my hometown all the year around.（wish，were）但愿我的家鄉(xiāng)四季如春。（事實(shí)上不可能）
3. I wish I were a bird.（wish，were）但愿我是只小鳥。（事實(shí)上不可能）
4. When she was at theparty，she wished she were at home.（wished，過去虛擬動(dòng)詞were）（事實(shí)上并不在家）
5. Now that he is inChina，he wishes he understood Chinese.（wishes，過去虛擬動(dòng)詞understood）現(xiàn)在他在中國(guó)，他希望能懂得中文。（事實(shí)上并不懂）
6. When we begin thetrip，they will wish they were with us.（willwish，過去虛擬動(dòng)詞were）（事實(shí)上并不和我們?cè)谝黄穑?/p>
二）、對(duì)過去情況的虛擬（和過去的事實(shí)相反）：
用wish表示對(duì)過去事情的遺憾。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語從句的謂語用過去完成時(shí)，或would，could，might+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例：
1. I wish （that可省略，下同）Ihadnt wasted so much time. 我后悔不該浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間。（事實(shí)上已浪費(fèi)了）
2. He wishes he hadntlost the chance. 他真希望沒有失去機(jī)會(huì)。（其實(shí)已失去）
3. We wished he hadspoken to us. （wished，had + spoken）（事實(shí)上他并沒同我們講）
4. I wish you had calledearlier. （wish， had + called）（事實(shí)上已遲了）
5. They will wish theyhad listened to us sooner. （will wish，had+ listened）（事實(shí)上并不如此）
例題分析：I wish I ______ longerthis morning，but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept B.sleptC. might have slept D. have slept
動(dòng)詞wish后面接從句，表達(dá)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或與事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，即用過去式（表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）或過去完成式（表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）。本題后半句謂語動(dòng)詞have用的是過去時(shí)had to get up and come，所以前面要用過去完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。所以，選項(xiàng)A）could have slept是答案
三）、對(duì)將來情況的虛擬（表示將來的主觀愿望）：
從句動(dòng)詞"would/should/could/might+ 動(dòng)詞原形"（時(shí)間上較后）（請(qǐng)注意：主句和從句的主語不相同）。用wish表示對(duì)將來事情的愿望。例：
1. I wish it would stopraining.（虛擬動(dòng)詞would+動(dòng)詞原形stop）我希望雨能停止。（事實(shí)上雨還在下著呢）
2. I wish you would bequiet.（would + be）我希望你安靜一些。（事實(shí)上那家伙還在吵著呢）
3. You wished she wouldarrive the next day.（would + arrive）你希望她第二天會(huì)到。（事實(shí)上她還沒到）
4. I wish she wouldchange her mind.（would + change）我希望她會(huì)改變主意。（呵呵，女孩子可沒那么容易就改變主意喔）
5. He will wish we wouldjoin him the following week.（would + join）（只是希望我們和他在一起，實(shí)際上還沒在一起）
四）、注意：
1.如果將wish改為過去式wished，其后that從句中的動(dòng)詞形式不變。例如：
I wished I hadnt spentso much money. 我要是那時(shí)沒有花掉那么多錢就好了。
2. 如果that從句中用would ，一般表示對(duì)現(xiàn)狀不滿或希望未來有所改變或請(qǐng)求
I wish he would answermy letter. I wish prices would comedown. I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stopasking silly questions.
二、在表示建議、命令、要求、忠告等動(dòng)詞的后面的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
由于這些動(dòng)詞本身隱含說話者的主觀意見，認(rèn)為某事應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該怎樣，這些詞語后面的“that”從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，且均以“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示這種語氣，但事實(shí)上“should”常被省略，故此從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用原形，常用的此類動(dòng)詞有：表示“要求”的：ask， desire， request，demand， require， beg表示“提議、勸告、建議”的：move，prpose， suggest， recommend，advise， vote表示“決定、命令”的：decide，order表示“主張”的：maintain，urge表示“同意、堅(jiān)持”的：consent，insist
例如：
1.The doctor suggestedthat he （should）try to lose his weight.
2.He insisted that we （should）tell him the news.
3.When I suggested thathe try shaving cream， he said，“Therazor and water do the job. ”（當(dāng)我建議他用刮胡膏時(shí)，他說“剃刀和水就行了”。）
4.He pursued varioustheories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how itdid work.（他費(fèi)了幾天功夫?qū)ふ依碚摳鶕?jù)，直到我建議拆開看看它是如何轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的。）
5.One can suggest thatstudents should spend two or three years in an English speaking country. （我們建議學(xué)生應(yīng)在說英語的國(guó)家呆上兩三年。）
在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動(dòng)詞后面的從句中虛擬語氣很普遍，其結(jié)構(gòu)如：
order，suggest， propose， require，demand， request， insist，command， insist +…… （should）do
6.I suggest that we （should）holda meeting next week.
7.He insisted that he （should）be sent there.
但注意：在insist 后的從句中，如果是堅(jiān)持自己，用陳述語氣，堅(jiān)持別人做什么事情，用虛擬語氣。
8.she insists that sheis right.
9.she insisted that Ishould finish the work at once.
或者說，suggest，insist不表示建議或堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)，即它們用于其本意暗示、表明、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)，賓語從句用陳述語氣。
10.The guard at gateinsisted that everybody obey the rules.
判斷改錯(cuò)：
（錯(cuò)）11.You pale facesuggests that you （should）beill.
（對(duì)）12.Your pale facesuggests that you are ill.
（錯(cuò)）13.I insisted that you （should）be wrong.
（對(duì)）14.I insisted that youwere wrong.
例題分析：15.It is politelyrequested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 oclock at night.
A. were not played B.not be playedC. not to play D. did not play
全句意思是：“旅館管理部門懇請(qǐng)客人晚上11點(diǎn)后不要打開收音機(jī)”。句中的謂語動(dòng)詞request（請(qǐng)求）所引出的從句應(yīng)當(dāng)用虛擬語氣，即動(dòng)詞原形或“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”。本句的主語從句中，主語radio是謂語動(dòng)詞play的客體，謂語應(yīng)當(dāng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。所以，答案是C）not be played.在上述這類句子中不能用動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)形式表示虛擬語氣，所以A）不正確。選項(xiàng)B）not to play是動(dòng)詞帶to的不定式，不能在句中作謂語。選項(xiàng)D）did not play也是動(dòng)詞play的過去時(shí)形式，同樣不能在本句中作為虛擬語氣來使用。而且，它是主動(dòng)語態(tài)形式，而本題要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
練習(xí)：
16）、Thechairman requested that .
［A］the members studied more carefullythe problem［B］the problem was more carefulnessly studied
［C］with more carefulness the problemcould be studied［D］the members study the problem more carefully
17）、Thecommittee recommends that the matter at the next meeting .
［A］would be discussed［B］willbe discussed［C］be discussed［D］may be discussed
18）、Thedoctor insisted that his patient .
［A］that he not work too hard for threemonths［B］take it easy for three months
C］takingit easy inside of three months［D］to take some vacations for threemonths
三、在expect，believe，think，suspect等動(dòng)詞的否定或疑問形式后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
在expect，believe，think，suspect等動(dòng)詞的否定或疑問形式后的賓語從句中，我們經(jīng)常用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形（或完成形式）”，表示驚奇，懷疑，不滿等。
I never thought that heshould be such a brave young soldier. 我們從來沒想到他是個(gè)如此勇敢的小戰(zhàn)士。
練習(xí)：
1）thatthe time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran，theywould be faced by a large army？
［A］It is believed［B］Shouldthey believe［C］They would believe［D］If they would believe
2）Ithink it advisable that he for Tokyo soon.
［A］will leave［B］mayleave［C］leave［D］leaves
四、would rather ，would sooner，had rather，would （just）as soon ，would prefer之后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
would rather ，would sooner， had rather， would （just）as soon，would prefer（希望）也用來表達(dá)主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚眠^去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反。表示“寧愿做什么”或"對(duì)過去做的事的懊悔".
（1）、I would rather he cametomorrow than today.
（2）、John would rather thatshe had not gone to the party yesterday evening.
（3）、Don t live in the world，Iwould rather（ I would just as soon） you die.
（4）、I would rather you gotomorrow.
（5）、I would rathereverything hadn t happened in the past.
（6）、The manager would ratherhis daughter did not work in the same office.經(jīng)理寧愿她女兒不與他在同一間辦公室工作。
（7）、To be frank，Idrather you were not involved in the case.坦率地說，我希望你不要卷入這件事。
（8）、You dont have to be insuch a hurry.I would rather you went on business first.你沒有必要這么著急，我寧愿你先去上班。
（9）、Id rather you didntmake any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暫時(shí)先不要就此事發(fā)表意見。
（10）、Franklyspeaking ，Id rather you didnt do anything about it for the time being.坦白地說，我寧愿你現(xiàn)在對(duì)此事什么也不要做。
（11）、Wouldntyou rather your child went to bed early？為什么你不愿讓你的孩子早點(diǎn)上床呢？
注：
①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用動(dòng)詞原形Iwould rather stay at home today.
②would rather.……than.……中用動(dòng)詞原形Iwould rather stay at home than go out today.
五、“had hoped”后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
用“had hoped”表示原來希望做到而實(shí)際上未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情，其賓語從句的謂語用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。
I had hoped that shewould go to the U.S. and study there， but she said she liked to stay inChina.我原本希望她到美國(guó)去念書，但她說她喜歡留在中國(guó)。
第二節(jié)：主語從句中的虛擬語氣
一、“It is （was）+形容詞（或過去分詞）+that……”結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣
在形如“It is （was）+形容詞（或過去分詞）+that……”結(jié)構(gòu)中，使用某些表示愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、可能、適當(dāng)、較好、迫切、緊近、重要等形容詞后的主語從句的謂語也用虛擬語氣。其表達(dá)形式為should ＋動(dòng)詞原形或省略should直接用動(dòng)詞原形（美國(guó)英語中省去should）
常用的形容詞：* natural （自然的），appropriate（適當(dāng)?shù)模琣dvisable （合適的），preferable （更可取的），better（更好的）* necessary （必須的），important （重要的），imperative（急需的），urgent （急迫的），essential （本質(zhì)的），vital（必不可少的）* probable （很可能的），possible （可能的）*desirable （極好的）advisable（合理的），compulsory（必須的），crucial（緊急的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），incredible（驚人的），necessary（必要的），possible（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（緊迫的）。
常用的過去分詞（Past Participle）：*required （需要的）， demanded （要求）， requested （被請(qǐng)求的），desired （要求）* suggested （建議）， recommended （推薦）*orderd （命令）
1. It is necessary thatwe （should 可省略，下同）have a walk now.（necessary，should + have）（表示有需要去散步）
2.It was necessary thatwe （should）make everything ready ahead of time.（necessary，should+ make）（表示有必要事先做好準(zhǔn)備）
3. It is required thatnobody （should）smoke here.（required，should+ smoke）（表示要求不要在此抽煙）
4. It is important thatevery pupil （should）be able to understand therule of school.（important，should+ be）（表示重要的是學(xué)生都能了解校規(guī)）
5. Its important thatwe （should）take good care of the patient.（important，should+ take）（表示重要的是照顧好病人）
6. It is natural thatshe should do so. （形容詞natural，should+動(dòng)詞原形do）
7.It is essential thatthese application forms be sent back as early as possible.這些申請(qǐng)表應(yīng)盡早地寄回，這是很重要的。
8.It is vital thatenough money be collected to fund the project.重要的是募集足夠的錢，為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目提供資金。
9.It is desired that we（should）geteverything ready this evening.希望我們今晚一切都準(zhǔn)備就緒。
注：在上述所列形容詞后面用that引出的賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用虛擬語氣。
10.I dont think itadvisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.湯姆缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，指派他做這項(xiàng)工作我認(rèn)為是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
二、在Itis ＋名詞＋that…的主語從句中的虛擬語氣
在It is ＋名詞＋that的主語從句中，常用虛擬語氣，表示建議、命令、請(qǐng)求、道歉、懷疑、驚奇等。這類名詞有：advice ，decision ，desire，demand ，idea，motion ，order，pity，preference ，proposal，recommendation，requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。⑴、It is my proposal that he be sent tostudy further abroad.我建議派他去國(guó)外進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)。
第三節(jié)：虛擬語氣用在表語從句或同位語從句中
當(dāng)某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語時(shí)，其后的表語從句或同位語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達(dá)形式為should ＋動(dòng)詞原形或直接用動(dòng)詞原形。這類名詞常見的有：demand （要求），desire （請(qǐng)求），requirment（要求）advice （勸告），recommendation （建議），suggestion （建議）order （命令）necessity（必要地），preference （優(yōu)先）proposal （計(jì)劃），plan（計(jì)劃），idea （辦法），recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。
We are all for yourproposal that the discussion be put off.我們都贊成你提出的將討論延期的建議。
The suggestion that themayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone.由市長(zhǎng)頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)金的建議被每個(gè)人接受。
⑴、The advice is that we （should可省略，下同） leave at once.（名詞advice，should+ leave）（表示加以勸告）
⑵、My idea is that we （should）getmore people to attend the conference. （idea，should+ get）（表示做出主意）
⑶、I make a proposal that we （should）hold a meeting next week. （proposal，should + hold）（表示做出計(jì)劃）
⑷、The judge assented to the suggestionthat .
［A］both of the criminals will soon beset freedom
［B］some of the criminals there are of guilt only
［C］the girl was to be paroled in thecustody of a welfare society
［D］the prisoner be sentenced to death
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