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2015年6月英語四級考試押題試卷（word版）
一、Writing(30 minutes)
Part I Writing.(30 minutes)
1、1.有人認為出國留學是個人發展的最佳選擇;
2.也有人堅持在國內也能實現自己的理想;
3.我的看法。
二、選詞填空
37、Questions 37-46 are based on the following passage.
At the beginning of the last century，the railroads were used to transport everythin9.Powerful businessmen made36 __ without having to be responsible for the public or 37 __ of the customers.But cars and trucks changed all of that.And by l970.from all directions the rail industry was troubled with problems.Trucks were taking all the new business.And even so.the rail industry remained 38 __ to customers.Also many regulations kept the rail industry from adjusting to shifting markets.But in l980，the rail industry entered the modern era when a deregulation was passed that allowed railroad companies to makequick39 __ to the old practices.Companies reduced their lines by l/3 and used fewer employees.They also took steps to 40 __ damage to products to smallest possible degree and to increase their shipping 41 __ by piling freight containers on railroad cars.To accommodate these taller loads.underpasses and tunnels were 42 __.The image of the rail industry has changed 43 __.Today，companies are very sensitive to customers and are gaining increasing market shares in shipping industry.The railroad safety record is also stron9.Freight trains have an44 __ rate that is only l/30f that of the truck industry.Trains are also known as ahead of the trucks on environmental grounds.Because they give off only l/10 t01/3 the pollution that is 45 __ by trucks.And railroading does not wear out highways as trucks do.
A.decline
B.lessen
C.accident
D.comparison
E.emlitted
F.dramatically
G.capacity
H.indifferent
I.fortunes
J.considerate
K.similar
L.adjustment
M.enable
N.enlarged
O.broadened
第(36)題應填__________
38、第(37)題應填__________
39、第(38)題應填__________
40、第(39)題應填__________
41、第(40)題應填__________
42、第(41)題應填__________
43、第(42)題應填__________
44、第(43)題應填__________
45、第(44)題應填__________
46、第(45)題應填__________
三、段落匹配
Section B
Directions：In this section，you are going to read o passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement，contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose n paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
47、47-56
Transition to Sound Film
A)The shift from silent to sound film at the end of the l920s marks，so far。the most important trans formation in motion picture history.Despite all the highly visible technological developments in theatrical and home delivery of the moving image that have occurred over the decades since then.no single1anovation has come close to being regarded as a similar kind of watershed.In nearly every language.however the words are phrased，the most basic division in cinema history lies between films that are mute and films that speak.
B)Yet this most fundamental standard of historical periodization conceals a host of paradoxes.Nearly every movie Theatre，however modest.had a piano or organ to provide musical accompaniment to silent pictures.In many instances，spectators in the era before recorded sound experienced elaborate aural presentations alongside movies’visual images，from the Japanese benshi(narrators)crafting multi-voiced dialogue narratives to original musical compositions performed by symphony.size orchestras in Europe and the United States.In Berlin，for the premiere performance outside the Soviet Union of The Battleship Potemkin。film director Sergei Eisenstein worked with Austrian composer Ed.mund Meisel(1874—1930)on a musical score matching sound to image;the Berlin screenings with live music helped to bring the film its wide international fame.
C)Beyond that，the triumph of recorded sound has overshadowed the rich diversity of technological and aesthetic experiments with the visual image that were going forward simultaneously in the l920s.New color processes，larger or differently shaped screen sizes，multiple-screen projections.even televislon，were among the developments invented or tried out during the period，sometimes with starting success.The high costs of converting to sound and the early limitations of sound technology were among the factors that suppressed innovations or retarded advancement in these other areas.The intr0—duction of new screen formats was put off for a quarter century，and color，though utilized over the next two decades for special productions，also did not become a norm until the l950s.
D)Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective，a stream of critical opinions in the1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight，just as had many previous attempts，dating well back before the First World War，to link images with recorded sound.These critics were making a common assumption that the technological inadequacies of earlier efforts(poor synchronization，weak sound amplification。fragile sound recordings)would in—variably occur again.To be sure，their evaluation of the technical flaws in l920s，sound experiments was not so far off the mark, yet they neglected to take into account important new forces in the motion picture field that, in a sense, would not take no for an answer.~
E) These forces were the rapidly expanding electronics and telecommunications companies that were developing and linking telephone and wireless technologies in the 1920s. In the United States, they included such firms as American Telephone and Telegraph, General Electric, and Westinghouse. They were interested in all forms of sound technology and all potential avenues for commercial exploitation.
F) Their competition and collaboration were creating the broadcasting industry in the United States, be-ginning with the introduction of commercial radio programming in the early 1920s. With financial assets considerably greater than those in the motion picture industry, and perhaps a wider vision of the relationships among entertainment and communications media, they revitalized research into recording sound for motion pictures. In 1929 the United States motion picture industry released more than 300sound films--a rough figure, since a number were silent films with music tracks, or films prepared in dual versions, to take account of the many cinemas not yet wired for sound. At the production level,in the United States the conversion was virtually complete by 1930. In Europe it took a little longer,mainly because there were more small producers for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive, and in other parts of the world problems with rights or access to equipment delayed the shift to sound production for a few more years (though cinemas in major cities may have been wired in order to play foreign sound films). The triumph of sound cinema was swift, complete, and enormously popular.
G) A film, also called a movie or motion picture, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images. A film is created by photographing actual scenes with a motion picture camera; by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques; by means of CGI computer animation; or by a combination of some or all of these techniques and other visual effects. The process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film which was shown through a movie projector onto a large screen;more modem techniques may use wholly digital filming and storage, such as the Ruian camera which records onto hard-disk or flash cards.
H) Films usually include an optical soundtrack, which is a graphic recording of the spoken words, music and other sounds that are to accompany the images. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively re-served for it and is not projected.
I) Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating-or indoctrinating-citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialogue into the language of the viewer.
The most significant development in movie industry happened at the end of the 1920s.
48、 Movies reflect those cultures which will influence them in turn.
49、 Almost every movie Theatre had a piano or organ to provide musical accompaniment to silent pictures.
50、 Soundtrack of movie records the spoken words, music and other sounds.
51、 The developments of movies are color processes, larger or differently shaped screen sizes, multiplescreen projections.
52、 A film is also called a motion picture.
53、 Sound film once was not considered promising just as had many previous attempts.
54、 In one year of l920s.the United States motion picture industry released more than 300 sound films.
55、 General Electric and Westinghouse were interested in all forms of sound technology.
56、 The triumph of sound cinema was impressive and widespread.
四、仔細閱讀
Section C
Directions：There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices markedA.，B.，C.andD. .You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
57、Questions 57-66are based on the following passage.
It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10 th and ll th centuries.As a wife，the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry(嫁妝).Admittedly，the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion，but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important.The dowry was the wifesright to receive a tenth of all her husband’s property.The wife had the right to withhold consent，in all transactions the husband would make，and more than just a right;the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision，equal to that of her husband.In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.
The wife shared in the management of her husbands personal property，but the opposite was not always true.Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights，and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit.A case in point is that of Maria Vivas.Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited，for the needs of the household，she insisted on compensation.None being offered，she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Mir0’s personal inheritance.The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree，as the contract says，“for the sake of peace”.Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered，the wife knew how to win herself，with the context of the family，a powerful economic position.
Originally，the purpose of a dowry is to——.
A.give a woman the right to receive all her husband’s property
B.help a woman to enjoy a higher position in the family
C.protect a woman against the risk of desertion
D. both A and C
58、 According to the passage，the legal status of the wife in marriage was——.
A.higher than that of a single woman
B.higher than that of her husband
C.lower than that of her husband
D. the same as that of her husband
59、 Why does the author give us the example of Maria Vivas?
A.To show that the wife shared in the management of her husbands personal property.
B.To show that the wife can defend her own inheritance.
C.To prove that women have powerful position.
D. To illustrate how women win her property.
60、 The compensation Mafia Vivas got for the field is?
A.some of the land Miro had inherited
B.a tenth of Mir0’s land
C.money for household expenses
D. money from Mir0’s inheritance
61、 The author’s attitude towards Mafia Vivas is.
A.sympathetic
B.disapproval
C.indifferent
D.objective
62、Questions 62-71 sire based on the following passage.
According to sociologists，there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group.In the family，traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents.In other cases，such as friendship groups，one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders，although there is no formal process of selection.In larger groups，leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability，decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of“natural leaders”.It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common;rather，virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group。
Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals.Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group.Group members look to instrumental leaders to“get things done”.Expressive leadership.on the other hand，is leadership that emphasizes the collective well—beings of a social group’s members.Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members.Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group.They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group.As the difference in these two roles suggest，expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members;instrumental leaders，if they are successful in promoting group goals，may enjoy a more distant respect.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.The problems faced by leaders.
B.How leadership differs in small and large groups.
C.How social groups determine who will lead them.
D. The role of leaders in social groups.
63、 111e passage mentions all of the following ways by which people Call become leaders EXCEPT。
A.recruitment
B.formal election process
C.specific leadership training
D. traditional cultural patterns
64、 Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A.A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be all effective leader in another group.
B.Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
C.A person Can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
D. Most people desire to be leaders but call produce little evidence of their qualifications.
65、 In mentionin9“natural leaders”in Line 7I the author is making the point that——.
A.few people qualify as“natural leaders”
B.there is no proof that“natural leaders”exist
C.“natural leaders”are easily accepted by the members of a group
D. “natural leaders”share a similar set of characteristics
66、 The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on————————.
A.ensuring harmonious relationships
B.sharing responsibility with group members
C.identifying new leaders
D. achieving a goal
五、翻譯
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions：For this part.you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
67、讀書有三個層次，三種境界。第一種境界是見書就讀，不加鑒別，沒有太多選擇。第二種境界是讀一部分你特別喜歡的作家的作品，找到你的興趣和興奮點在哪里。第三種境界就是只讀一本或幾本最喜歡的書，或者反復閱讀你喜歡的作家，精心研究他的作品。如此，我們應該明白“書越讀越少”的意思了。
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