2015年6月大學英語四級閱讀模擬試題（三）

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

　　In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South ( 發展中國家) began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They urgently needed supplies of highly trained personnel to implement a concept of development based on modernization.

　　But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training. At the same time, many professionals who did return home but no longer felt at ease there also decided to go back to the countries where they had studied.

　　In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special "return" programs to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1,600 qualified scientistsand technicians to return to Latin America.

　　In the 1980s and 1990s, "temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel occupying strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program's Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate ( 移居國外的 ) Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain (人才流失) fromthese countries may well increase in response to the new laws of the international market in knowledge.

　　Recent studies forecast that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, or so it is thought. As a result there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, they must introduce flexible administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue.

　　61. Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage?

　　A. The developing countries believe that sending students to the industrialized countries is a good way to meet their own needs for modernization.

　　B. The South American countries have been sending students to developed countries since the 1920s.

　　C. Many people trained abroad remain in the developed countries instead of coming back to serve their home countries.

　　D. The International Organization for Migration successfully helped more than 1,600 professionals to return to their own countries in a single year.

　　62. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the developing countries are losing their brain power?

　　A. Many professionals did not feel comfortable in their home countries after they returned home.

　　B. "Temporary return" programs encouraged professionals to work in their home countries for short periods.

　　C. The new laws of the international market encourage knowledge transfer.

　　D. The professionals from the developing countries have been trained in fields where they could not apply their knowledge to the best advantage in their home countries.

　　63. In the author's opinion, the developing countries should __________.

　　A. keep their present administrative procedures so as to ensure that their students return after graduation

　　B. cooperate more effectively with international organizations

　　C. set up more return programs under the guidance of the UN

　　D. send students abroad in the fields where their knowledge is more likely to be made full use of in their own countries

　　64. According to the passage, the problem of the developing countries will continue__________.

　　A. as long as the developed countries need more qualified professionals than they can educate domestically

　　B. as long as the developing countries are content with their present institutional structures

　　C. unless those countries stop sending large number of students to be trained abroad

　　D. if theh governments fail to make administrative adjustments concerning the return procedures of their professionals

　　65. The best title for the passage is__________.

　　A. The Brain Drain of the Developing Countries

　　B. Knowledge Transfer

　　C. The Talents from the Developing Countries

　　D. The Failure of Development Programs

　　Passage Two

　　【參考譯文】

　　[61]20世紀下半葉，許多發展中國家開始將本國學生送往發達的工業國家深造。這些發展中國家迫切需要受過高級培訓的人才來推行基于現代化的發展理念。

　　但是，學成之后，很多外派留學生都選擇留在發達國家。不過，也有很多專業人才回到祖國，但是卻感覺不像以前那樣自在，最后還是決定回到當初留學的國家。

　　20世紀60年代，為了解決這一問題，一些拉美國家專門設立了特殊的“海歸”項目，以鼓勵專業人才回國。這些項目得到了包括國際移民組織在內的一些國際組織的支持，在1974年使l600多名資歷合格的科技人員回到拉美國家。

　　[62]二十世紀八九十年代，發展中國家設立了一系列“短期回國”項目，目的是充分利用受過專業訓練且在發達國家身兼要職的留學人才。這使聯合國開發計劃署推行了“移居僑民知識轉移計劃”，該計劃旨在鼓勵技術人員和科學家回祖國短期工作。但是，隨著國際市場推出新的知識法律，這些國家的人才流失情況很可能進一步加劇。

　　最近有研究預測，今后，世界頂級發達國家將需要越來越多高級專業人才，數量大約為其教育體制能夠產出數量的兩倍，或者說，它們想朝著這個目標發展。[63]因此，發展中國一家迫切需要根據本國缺乏人才的領域外派留學生，從而使其能.夠為本國機構出力;而不是盲目鼓勵留學深造，一旦在國內沒有用之地，這些留學生學成之后可能就不回國了。[64]發展中國家不應單純依靠體制結構召回外派專業人才;它們必須引進靈活的管理機制，鼓勵人才回國。如果它們不這么做，人才流失的現狀還將繼續。

　　【答案解析】

　　61.B

　　定位：根據題干信息NOT correct可知解答本題需通觀全文，對細節信息一一進行判斷。

　　解析：文章第一段提到：“20世紀下半葉，許多發展中國家開始將本國學生送往發達的工業國家深造。

　　這些發展中國家迫切需要受過高級培訓的人才來推進基于現代化的發展理念。”選項B卻意為“從20世紀20年代起，南美國家就開始向發達國家派遣留學生”，時間以及動作的發出者均不正確，因此本題選B。其他三項在文章的前三段均可以找到依據。

　　62.B

　　定位：根據題干信息NOT one ofthe reasons,losing their brain power可知解答本題需通觀全文。

　　解析：第二段提到有很多專業人才回到祖國，但是卻感覺不像以前那樣自在，最后還是決定回到當初留學的國家，因此A正確;第四段段末提到，隨著國際市場推出新的知識法律，發展中國家的人才流失情況很可能進一步加劇，因此C項也正確;最后一段第二句提到，一旦在國內沒有用武之地，這些留學生學成之后可能就不回國了，對應D項。這些都是導致發展中國家人才流失的原因。用排除法可知本題答案為B項。該項所提及的“短期回國”項目是發展中國家為吸引人才回國采取的策略，而非人才流失的原因。

　　63.D

　　定位：根據題干信息the author's opinion可將答案定位到最后一段，只有在該段中作者才給出了自己的觀點。

　　解析：作者在最后一段第二句中提到：“因此，發展中國家迫切需要根據本國缺乏人才的領域外派留學生，從而使其能夠為本國機構出力;而不是盲目鼓勵留學深造，一旦在國內沒有用武之地，這些留學生學成之后可能就不回國了。”這與選項D所表達的意思相同。

　　64.D

　　定位：根據題干信息the problem…will continue可將答案定位到最后一段末尾處。

　　解析：文章最后提到：“發展中國家不應單純依靠體制結構召回外派專業人才;它們必須引進靈活的管理機制，鼓勵人才回國。如果它們不這么做，人才流失的現狀還將繼續。”綜合考慮，D項中的make administrative adjustments concerning the return procedures of their professionals與文中表述接近，為if正確答案。

　　65.A

　　定位：根據題干信息best title可知解答苓題需通觀全文。

　　解析：四個選項分別為：發展中國家的人才流失、知識轉移、來自發展中國家的人才、發展項目的失敗。

　　整篇文章的內容都圍繞著發展中國家人才流失的問題展開，因此A項是概括文章主旨的最佳選擇。

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