初三定語從句
定語從句(也稱關系從句、形容詞性從句),是指一類由關系詞引導的從句,因為這類從句的句法功能多是做定語,所以曾被稱為定語從句,下面是小編為大家整理的初三定語從句,供大家參考借鑒,希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
初三定語從句1
1、定語的定義
定語是用來修飾或限定名詞的。定語一般位于被修飾名詞的周圍,在名詞前面或名詞后面。被修飾的詞有時也叫先行詞。定語可以是詞,短語或句子。
2、定語的位置
當定語是詞時通常是形容詞,放在所修飾名詞的前面。
如“一本有趣的書” an interesting book.
當定語是短語時通常用介詞短語,放在所修飾名詞的后面。
如 “教室里的學生” the students in the classroom.
當定語是一個句子時,通常位于句子的后面,這個句子就叫定語從句。
如:I have a book which is interesting. 對比 I have an interesting book.
3、定語從句中的關系代詞的用法
常見的關系代詞:which / who / whom / that / whose
1.當先行詞為人時,可用關系代詞who / whom / that / whose
如:
He is the manwho thathelped me yesterday.(作主語)
He is the manwhomwho hat省略I helped yesterday.(作賓語)
He is the manwhosehouse is beautiful.(作定語)
2.當先行詞為物時,可用關系代詞which / that /whose
如:
I like the housewhich thathas new furniture. (作主語)
I like the housewhich that 省略you showed me around yesterday.
I like the housewhosefurniture is new.(作定語)
I like the housethe furniture of whichis new.
小結:關系代詞that 可用來修飾人或物,
who / whom只能用于修飾人,
which只能用于修飾物,
whose既可修飾人也可修飾物,但只能用于表所屬關系時。
4、that 與 which 的用法區別
1. 只能用 that 作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況
(1)當先行詞是 everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some 等不定代詞時,或當先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little,few, much等詞修飾時。如:
I have write downeverythingthatyou told me just now.
Allthe booksthatare sold in the shop are very interesting.
(2)當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。如:
The firstmoviethatI watched was the Titanic.
This isthe bestbookthatI have read all my life.
(3)當先行詞被 the very, the only, the first / last 等修飾時 (當先行詞是人時,也可用 who,whom)如:
The old house isthe onlythingthathe owns.
She isthe onlyforeignerthat whowas invited to the party.
(4)當先行詞既有人又有物時。如:
I will never forgetthe persons and thingsthatare important to my life.
(5)當句子以who,which 等疑問詞開頭時。如:
Whois the manthatis standing in front of the room?
Whichis the roomthatyou live in?
2. 只能用which作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況
(1)當關系詞前面有介詞時,指物常用 which,指人常用whom.
The housein whichwe live is very large.
The housewhich / that 省略we live in is very large.
(2)非限制性定語從句多用 which
He wrote an article,whichtells us about the history.
He succeeded in the competition,whichmade his parents very happy.
5、關系副詞引導的定語從句
why = for which (表原因)
where = in/ at/ on/ ... which (表地點)
when = during/ on/ in/ ... which (表時間)
1. where 指地點
(1)Fuzhou is the citywhere (in which)I was born.
Fuzhou is the citywhichI was born in.
(2)The housewhere (in which)I lived five years ago has been pulled down.
2. when指時間
(1)I still remember the daywhen (on which)I first came to the city.
(2)I still remember the days(that which)we spent together in the past.
3. why 指原因
(1)The teacher didn't believe the reasonwhy for whichhe was late.
(2)The teacher didn't believe the reasonwhich thathe explained.
初三定語從句2
一、定義
修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫做定語從句
二、基本概念
【先行詞】:被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。
【關系詞】:引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。
關系詞在定語從句中的作用
連接作用:連接先行詞和定語從句。
替代作用:在定語從句中替代從句所修飾的先行詞。因此當我們要判斷關系詞在從句中的成分時,只需要把先行詞帶入從句即可。(因此當關系代詞在定語從句中做主語時,謂語動詞應與先行詞的.人稱和數保持一致)
成分作用:在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語或狀語。
三、用法
關系代詞的用法
who指人,在定語從句中做主語。
What was the name ofthe manwholent you the money?
借錢給你的那人叫什么名字?
在口語或非正式文體中,“who”也可在從句中做賓語。
The musicianwhothey are talking about is very famous.
whom指人,在定語從句中做賓語。
The peoplewhomI work with are all friendly.
和我一起工作的人都很友好。
which指物,在定語從句中做主語或賓語。做賓語時常可省略。
English isa languagewhichis easy to learn.
that指人時,相當于who或whom;指物時,相當于which。在定語從句中做主語或賓語
The manthatItalked with just now is a doctor.Ilostthe bookthatIbought last week.
whose人、物皆可,做定語,后面要緊跟被修飾的名詞,先行詞和后面的名詞之間往往是從屬關系。
There are somepeople whose faces you can never forget.有些人,他們的臉你永遠難以忘懷。
總結
在從句中做定語,先行詞是人時用:who,whom, that;先行詞是物時:which, that;whose,
注意:只用that的情況
當先行詞為everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little等詞時,或當先行詞被every, any, all, ome, no, little, few, much等詞修飾時。Everything that they said was true.
當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。
The first place (that) they visited in London was the Big Ben.
當先行詞被the very, the only修飾時。
This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy.
當先行詞為who或前面有who, which等疑問代詞時。
Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense?
先行詞在定語從句中做表語時。
She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be.
當先行詞既有人又有物時。
The driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discovered.
關系副詞的用法
引導定語從句的關系副詞有when, where或why。when, where, why分別在定語從句中作狀語,在意義上相當于介詞+which結構,分別代替表示時間、地點或原因的先行詞。
when 指時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語。
I still rememberthe daywhenI first came to this school.
where 指地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語。
I recently went back tothe townwhereI was born.
why 指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語。
Please tell methereasonwhyyou missed the plane.
初三定語從句3
一、定語從句的概念
在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
二、定語從句的關系詞
引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞,常見的關系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關系副詞包括where, when, why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。
三、定語從句的分類
根據定語從句與先行詞的關系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去。非限制性定語從句與主句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、關系代詞的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主語、賓語或表語。作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom。who和whom作賓語時也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)
注意:(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who,whom,that, which可省略,但介詞在關系代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.
這是我們去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。
(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for.
這就是你要找的那個人。
(3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.
她居住的城市非常遠。
(4)關系詞只能用that的情況:
a. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一個通過考試的人。
b. 被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞指物時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?
c. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.
這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
e. 以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying?
正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?
f. 主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
(5)關系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:
a. 先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk?
在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?
b. 關系代詞前有介詞時,which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives.
這是他居住的房間。
c. 引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy.
湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。
五、關系副詞的用法
(1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,when在定語從句中作時間狀語。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.
這是他到達的時間。
(2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,where在定語從句中作地點狀語。例如:
This is place where he works.
這是他工作的地點。
(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,why在定語從句中做原因狀語。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。
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