獨立主格結構的賞析

　　請看下面一道題：Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.

　　A. its B. whose C. which D. that

　　【分析】此題很容易誤選B，許多同學會認為句中逗號后是一個非限制性的定語從句，whose 在定語從句中用作定語修飾其后的'名詞 owner。此分析從表面上看，似乎天衣無縫，但實質上是錯的，原因是空格后根本不是一個句子，因為沒有謂語。盡管句中有兩個動詞，但它們都是非謂語動詞。也許有的同學認為，其中的 seated 可視為謂語動詞，但是注意，seat 用作動詞時，它總是及物的，其后要么接賓語，要么它就用于被動語態，所以若在 seated 前加上助動詞 is，則可以選擇B（當然若將 seated （當然若將 seated sitting，也應選擇B）。所以此題最佳答案選A。請再看一個類似的例子：

　　(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.

　　A. it B. them C.this D. that

　　(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that

　　第(1)應選B，而不能選C，是因為句中的 translated 是過去分詞(非謂語動詞)，若選C，則該從句無謂語；第(2)應選C，因為句中有謂語 were translatedC。

　　再請看下面一例：(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.

　　A. it B. them C. which D. that

　　【分析】此題與上面的第(2)題不同，兩句間多了一個并列連詞and，說明這是一個并列句，故應選B，則不能選C。

　　請做做以下三題(答案均為B)：

　　(1) There I met several people, two of _________ being foreigners.

　　A. which B. them C. whom D. that

　　(2) There I met several people, two of _________ were foreigners.

　　A. which B. whom C. who D. that

　　(3) There I met several people, and two of _________ were foreigners.

　　A. which B. them C. whom D. that

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