睿智篤行勤學善思一路陽光編，作形式主語真正的主語為后面的不定式，七定語修飾名詞或代詞的詞短語或從句稱為定語，一主系表基本結構練習觀察下列句子完成以下目標，在本句中聯系動詞不譯成漢語是只起聯系作用。
八年級簡單句基本句子結構練習
睿智、篤行、勤學、善思 一 路 陽 光 編
簡單句基本句子結構
簡單句的六個基本句型
主語 ＋ 謂語 She came．/ My head aches.
主語 ＋ 謂語 ＋賓語She likes English.
主語 ＋ 系動詞 ＋表語 She is happy．
主語 ＋ 謂語 ＋間接賓語 ＋直接賓語 She gave John a book．
She bought a book for me.
主語 ＋ 謂語 ＋ 賓語 ＋ 賓語補語 She makes her mother angry．
There +be句型 There is a book on the desk.
一、 典型例題
寫出劃線部分的句子成分。 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister.
6. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill. 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good. 11. His name is Paul.12. We always go to school early.
(一) 挑出下列句中的賓語
① My brother doesn't do his homework.
ABC D
② People all over the world speak English.
ABC D
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
A B C D
④ How many new words do you learn ?
A BC D
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
A BC D
(二) 挑出下列句中的表語
① The old man is feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?
AB CDA B CD
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
AB C D
④ Soon They all become interested in the subject. ⑤ She is the first to learn about it.
A B C DA BC D
1
睿智、篤行、勤學、善思 一 路 陽 光 編
(三) 挑出下列句中的定語
① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.② What is your given name?
ABC DA B CD
③ On the third lap are Cla1 and Cla3.
ABCD
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
A BCD
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
ABC D
（四) 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
A B C D
② He asks her to take the boy out of school.
A BCD
③ She find it difficult to do the work.
A B CD
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
ABC D
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
A BC D
(五) 挑出下列句中的狀語
① There is a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
AB CD A B CD
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
A B C D
④ The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.
AB CD
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, MiLi hurried off.
ABCD
(六) 劃出句中的直接賓語( )和間接賓語（ ）
① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. ⑤ Does he leave any message for me?
2
句子基本結構-成分劃分-練習
英語劃分句子成分
（一）句子成分的定義：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。
（二）主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結構、疑問句（當主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名詞）We often speak English in class.（代詞） One-third of the students in this claare girls.（數詞）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（動名詞）The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語從句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）
（三）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構成如下：
1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、復合謂語：（1）由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系動詞加表語構成。如：We are students.
（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態，它一般位于系動詞（如※以肯定的語氣敘述主語狀態時，要用系動詞be※表示說話人所感知的主語的特征或狀態時，系動詞用look, feel, sound, taste, smell※表示主語狀態變化時，系動詞用become ,get, grow, come , turn (若跟名詞不加冠詞) ，fall (asleep, ill, silent)等，后面大多數接形容詞作表語。但become, turn亦可接名詞作表語等※表示主語的持續時，系動詞用remain, stay , keep, continue ※從印象的角度說明主語所處的狀態和特征時，系動詞用appear to be (常用于書面)，seem (to be )☆1、 其后要求接形容詞，而不是副詞作表語。要特別注意的是有些動詞既可以作系動詞，又可作實意動詞的用法。遇到這種情況時，只能先根據其意思判斷清楚到底是前者還是后者，然后再對后面的詞性和詞義作出判斷和選擇。 2、 這類詞不用進行時。 3、系動詞無被動式)。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞） Is it yours?（代詞） The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）The speech is exciting.（分詞） Three times seven is twenty one?（數詞） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（愛好）is playing football.（動名詞） The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語）Time is up. The clais over.（副詞）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）
（五）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代詞）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數詞）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語）I enjoy listening to popular music.動名詞短語）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語從句） 賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），要求雙賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)的動詞，直接賓語提前，動詞后加to或for，現歸納如下。①后面加to的動詞：give 給tell 告訴bring 帶來send 寄，送hand 交給read 讀pa遞給return 把……還給……lend 借給throw 扔……給……leave 留給promise 許諾，答應refuse 拒絕
②后面加for的動詞：get 得到make 制造，做buy 買do 做play 演奏order 命令
sing 唱歌pay 為……而付錢
（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞+賓語+賓補。※賓語+名詞”常用于改結構的動詞有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave※賓語+形容詞”常見的動詞有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want▲“賓語+副詞”。 ▲“賓語+介詞短語”。 ▲“賓語+不定式”。充當賓補的不定式有三種： A 要求帶to的不定式B 要求不帶to 的不定式 let, make, have，see, , watch, , look at, hear, listen to, feel等，用不定式作賓語補語時，要省去“to”。但用于被動語態時，還要 加上“to等 C 單詞help 后可加 to 或不加 to▲“賓語+現在分詞” see, , watch, , look at, hear, listen to, feel▲“賓語+過去分詞” ▲ 形式賓語＋形容詞▲賓語+what 從句+※主補：對主語的補充。
例如：His father named him Dongming.（名詞）They painted their boat white.（形容詞） Let the fresh air in.（副詞）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語） We saw her entering the room.（現在分詞）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句）
（七）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞）
His rapid progrein English made us surprised.（代詞）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動名詞）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）
（八）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語）He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語）Wait a minute.（名詞）
Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句）
簡單句的五種基本句型口訣
英語句子萬萬千，五大句型把線牽。句型種類為動詞，后接什么是關鍵；vt.又可分三類，單賓雙賓最常見；還有賓語補足語，各種搭配記心間。
注意：帶特殊疑問詞的不定式短語作直接賓語是一種很常 用的形式，基本句型是：S+V+O(間接)+疑問詞+不定式
簡單句的五個基本句型
主語 ＋ 不及物動詞 She came．/ My head aches.
主語 ＋ 及物動詞 ＋賓語She likes English.
主語 ＋ 系動詞 ＋表語 She is happy．
主語 ＋ 雙賓動詞 ＋間接賓語 ＋直接賓語 She gave John a book．
She bought a book for me.
主語 ＋ 賓補動詞＋賓語＋賓語補語 She makes her mother angry．
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
（ There +be There lies a book on the desk.）
一、指出下列句子句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語（—）、謂語（＝）、賓語（～）：
I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語（—）、狀語（＝）、補語（～）：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
句子基本結構練習
一、“主+系+表”基本結構練習：觀察下列句子，完成以下目標
1、譯成漢語 2、劃出句子中的主語，聯系動詞和表語。
3、說出表語是名詞、數詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動名詞、動詞不定式還是分詞？
4、聯系動詞be是否譯成漢語“是”其它聯系動詞分別表達什么意思？
(1) They are all famous singers.
主語______是_______詞,聯系動詞______，表語_______是_____詞。
在本句中聯系動詞譯成漢語“是”。
(2) The play was interesting.
主語______是_______詞,聯系動詞______，表語_______是_____詞。
在本句中聯系動詞不譯成漢語“是”，只起聯系作用。
(3)The bottle is over there.
主語______是_______詞,聯系動詞______，表語_______是_____詞。
在本句中聯系動詞不譯成漢語“是”，只起聯系作用。
(4) Jennifer must be at least thirty-five.
主語______是_______詞,聯系動詞______，表語_______是_____詞。
在本句中聯系動詞譯成漢語“是”。
(5) Captain Charles Alison will be in his small boat,topsail.
主語______是_______詞,聯系動詞______，表語______________是_____短語。
在本句中聯系動詞不譯成漢語“是”，只起聯系作用。
(6) My favourite sport is fishing.
主語______是_______詞,聯系動詞______，表語_______是_____詞。
在本句中聯系動詞譯成漢語“是”。Fishing表達的是_________的動作。
(7) My plan is to play tennis this afternoon.
主語______是_______詞,聯系動詞______，表語__________是________短語。
在本句中聯系動詞譯成漢語“是”。To play tennis表達的是__________的動作。
(8) The piano there is broken.
主語______是_______詞,聯系動詞______，表語_______是________詞。
在本句中聯系動詞不譯成漢語“是”，只起聯系作用。（熟記：break-broke-broken）
(9) You look ill today.
主語______是_______詞,聯系動詞______，表語_______是_____詞。
在本句中聯系動詞______表達狀態，譯成：_____。
(10)When spring come,it becomes warm.
主語______是_______詞,聯系動詞______，表語_______是_____詞。
在本句中聯系動詞______表達狀態改變，譯成：_____。
綜上所述，“主+系+表”結構語序和漢語是相同的。
難點：1、be的各種時態：
寫出be的一般現在時態、一般過去時態、一般將來時態、現在進行時態、過去進行時態現在完成時態、過去完成時態、過去將來時態和含有情態動詞的各種形式。
2、不同的詞作表語，be又是譯成漢語“是”，有時不譯成漢語。
二、“主+謂+賓”基本結構練習：觀察下列句子，完成以下目標
1、譯成漢語 2、劃出句子中的主語、謂語、賓語和賓語補足語
3、上述句子成分都是那些詞？謂語動詞是及物還是不及物動詞？賓語是直接賓語還是間接賓語？
(1) Igot up early last Sunday.
主語______是_______詞,謂語動詞______是________動詞，無需帶_____語就能表達完整意思。 本句基本結構是：_____________________.
(2) I could not hear the actors.
主語______是_______詞,謂語動詞______是______動詞，需帶_____語_______才能表達完整意思。 本句基本結構是：_____________________.
(3) Postcards always spoil my holidays.
主語______是_______詞,謂語動詞______是______動詞，需帶_____語_______才能表達完整意思。 本句基本結構是：_____________________.
(4) A friendly waiter lent me a book.
主語______是_______詞,謂語動詞______是________動詞，它帶有_______賓語_____和______賓語__________________.本句基本結構是：__________________________.
本句還可以把間接賓語me放在后邊：_______________________________________.
(5) Now you can pay me my dinner..
主語______是_______詞,謂語動詞______是________動詞，它帶有_______賓語_____和______賓語__________________.本句基本結構是：__________________________.
本句還可以把間接賓語me放在后邊：_______________________________________.
(6) My mother told me not to play football in the atreet.
主語______是_______詞,謂語動詞______是________動詞，它帶有賓語_____和賓語補足語
_______________.本句基本結構是：__________________________.賓語和補足語是_______關系。
(7) I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.
主語______是_______詞,謂語動詞______是________動詞，它帶有賓語_____和賓語補足語
_______________.本句基本結構是：__________________________.賓語和補足語是_______關系。
(8) My mother always makes me do housework on Sundays.
主語______是_______詞,謂語動詞______是________動詞，它帶有賓語_____和賓語補足語
_______________.本句基本結構是：__________________________.賓語和補足語是_______關系。
(9) I often hear my music teacher sing popular songs.
主語______是_______詞,謂語動詞______是________動詞，它帶有語_____和賓語補足語
_______________.本句基本結構是：__________________________.賓語和補足語是_______關系。 上述兩句中謂語動詞 make,hear等后邊帶的不定式賓補要省略to.
三、“There be”基本結構練習：觀察下列句子，完成以下目標
1、譯成漢語 2、分別說明主語是什么？be動詞要用單數還是復數？
3、根據句意用be的單復數和正確時態填空4、主語要用a(an),some,any 修飾？
(1) There _____ ____ flower in the bottle.
主語是_______,是____名詞____數，所以be動詞要用_____，flower前要加____.
(2) There____ ______ milk in the bottle.
主語是_______,是____名詞，所以be動詞要用_____，milk前要加____.
(3) There ____ not____ sugar in the box.
主語是_______,是____名詞，所以be動詞要用_____，因為是否定句，所以sugar前要加____.
(4) There ____ three boxes of chalk and a bottle of ink in the desk.
主語是_________________，雖然是不可數名詞，但因為three boxes是____數所以be動詞要用_____，
(5) There ____ an earthquake ten years ago.
主語是_______,是____名詞____數，因為表達的是過去的狀態，所以be動詞要用_____.
(6) There_____ _____a meeting in the classroom next week.
主語是_______,是____名詞____數，因為表達的是將來的狀態，所以be動詞要用________.
(7) There _____ _____ a war in the town before.
主語是_______,是____名詞____數，因為表達的是曾經發生的狀態，所以be動詞要用________.
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